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1.
小球藻富含多种营养物质和油脂,引起研究者的广泛关注,但其活性物质提取后的藻渣缺乏有效利用技术。本文针对小球藻藻渣结构特点,筛选出纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶3种高效提取小球藻藻渣多糖的酶。采用正交试验对这3种酶提取藻渣多糖的条件进行优化。根据优化后的反应条件,构建了两个双酶串联提取小球藻藻渣多糖的工艺。多糖提取率分别达到20.80%和20.19%,远高于单酶提取效率,也明显高于两个酶单独提取率的加和,提取率提高近一倍。本文为小球藻藻渣的高值化利用提供了技术基础,为小球藻产业的发展提供了新方法。  相似文献   

2.
酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼鱼头中提取鱼油的研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼加工的下脚料--鱼头中提取鱼油.以鱼油提取率为指标,选择合适的蛋白酶,研究了酶解工艺条件对提取率的影响.研究结果表明:胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的酶解工艺参数为酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1%,底物浓度1:1,酶解时间4h,酶解pH值8.在此条件下,粗鱼油的提取率为4.22%,理化指标达到了SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38.47%,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23.63%和4.84%.  相似文献   

3.
以白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)内脏为原料,采用复合蛋白酶(Protemax)水解法提取鱼油,研究酶解条件和提取方法对鱼油提取率、品质及脂肪酸组成的影响,以获取高品质的鱼油制品.结果表明:提取方法和条件对鱼油的提取率、酸价及过氧化值(POV)均有明显影响;采用复合蛋白酶水解法提取鱼油时,其适宜的条件为酶解起始pH 7.5,酶解温度50 ℃,酶用量2 000 U/g粗蛋白,酶解时间3 h,鱼油的提取率达到85.67%,鱼油品质较好.复合蛋白酶水解法和碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)水解法的提取率高于稀碱水解法,且复合蛋白酶水解法得到的n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸含量更高.  相似文献   

4.
为研究制备牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)糖原的最佳工艺条件,通过比较分析了碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶等5种不同蛋白酶对牡蛎进行酶解提取糖原的效果,以碱性蛋白酶为最优酶制剂。在对碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺条件进行单因素实验的基础上,应用Box-Bhenken中心组合设计3因素3水平试验方案,通过响应面分析,建立数学模型优化牡蛎糖原的提取条件,以p H、酶解温度和加酶量为自变量,牡蛎糖原提取率为指标,获得碱性蛋白酶水解牡蛎提取糖原的最佳工艺条件,即加酶量4%、p H9、水解温度50℃,此时牡蛎糖原的提取率可达(48.55±0.01)%。试验结果表明,响应面法对牡蛎糖原提取条件的优化方案合理可行,该研究为牡蛎糖原的开发利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
采用纤维素酶、果胶酶辅助提取红毛藻多糖,通过单因素试验分别考察pH、酶活性、酶解温度、酶解时间等关键因素对红毛藻多糖提取率的影响,并对多糖的抗光氧化活性进行探究。以单因素试验为依据选择因素水平,以多糖提取率为指标,基于Box-Behnken中心组合试验和Design-Expert 8.0.5软件,进行三因素三水平响应面法优化红毛藻多糖提取工艺,并测定红毛藻多糖对人皮肤成纤维细胞的抗光氧化损伤作用。试验结果显示,酶辅助提取红毛藻多糖的优化工艺条件为:选用果胶酶,pH 6.0、酶活性0.22 U/mL、酶解时间100 min、酶解温度50℃。优化条件下红毛藻多糖提取率为(16.60±0.13)%,接近预测值(16.72%),此优化工艺切实可行。同时,红毛藻多糖在0～200μg/mL质量浓度范围内具有抗人皮肤成纤维细胞光氧化损伤能力,当多糖质量浓度为10～20μg/mL时,细胞活力可恢复至96.53%～98.49%。  相似文献   

6.
本试验以蛋白质脱除率和水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)保留率作为指标,探讨各主要因素对石莼SDF脱蛋白效果的影响,并采用L_9(3~4)正交试验确定超声波辅助酶法脱蛋白的优化工艺参数。结果显示:在控制石莼SDF浓度0.6%和超声功率200 W的前提下,石莼SDF的超声波辅助酶法脱除蛋白优化工艺参数组合为:碱性蛋白酶使用量1 400 U/g、石莼SDF样液pH 11.0、超声温度50℃、超声时间1.5 h,以上述条件进行验证性试验,石莼SDF的蛋白质脱除率为(83.91±0.18)%,SDF保留率为(86.23±0.25)%,蛋白质脱除效果优于正交试验9个处理组。  相似文献   

7.
分别应用商品酶及鱼免消化酶两步消化法评定10种蛋白原料的离体消化率.商品酶处理一(CEⅠ)直接在原料中加入胃蛋白酶消化,处理二(CEⅡ)预先将原料悬浊液调节至pH 2.0,再加入胃蛋白酶消化.鱼免消化酶处理一(DEⅠ)的胃消化酶酶活/底物、类胰消化酶酶活/底物分别为250、375 U/g,处理二(DEⅡ)则分别为300、460 U/g.试验结果表明,CEⅡ比CEⅠ部分原料的干物质及蛋白质消化率平均提高5.16%、13.09%(P<0.05),且2种处理的干物质、蛋白质消化率的相关系数分别为0.763(P=0.01)、0.771(P=0.009).DEⅡ比DEⅠ的干物质、蛋白质消化率平均提高12.65%、15.80%(P<0.05),且2种处理的干物质、蛋白质消化率的相关系数分别为0.852(P=0.002)、0.851(P=0.002).CEⅡ与DEⅡ(不包括血粉、阿根廷鱼粉)、CEⅠ与DEⅡ以及CEⅡ与DEⅠ(不包括血粉、阿根廷鱼粉)的蛋白质消化率之间的相关系数分别为0.94(P=0.001)、0.845(P=0.002)、0.823(P=0.012).可以用商品酶替代消化酶评价鱼免对蛋白原料的离体消化率.  相似文献   

8.
超声波和蛋白酶可以破坏蛋白质结构,提高短肽的得率。本试验以近江牡蛎为原料,在适度水解、控制挥发性盐基氮在合理范围的前提下,以短肽含量为主要目标,首先通过研究超声波功率、时间对牡蛎自溶酶解的影响,优化超声波辅助酶解工艺,然后采用单因素试验研究碱性蛋白酶对超声波—自溶酶解液酶解效果的影响。结果显示,440 W超声波处理牡蛎10min后自溶酶解,短肽含量为(88.75±1.16)mg/mL,是对照组的2.12倍;水解度为(30.38±0.05)%;挥发性盐基氮为(79±2)μg/g。采用碱性蛋白酶对超声波-自溶酶解液进行进一步酶解,优化的酶解条件是:加酶量5kU/g,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间4h,此时短肽含量达到100mg/mL以上,水解度为(35.95±0.05)%;挥发性盐基氮为(178±6)μg/g,处在可接受范围。试验结果表明,超声波预处理后自溶,再进行外源蛋白酶酶解可显著提高酶解效率。  相似文献   

9.
非淀粉多糖酶对蛋白酶体外酶解棉籽粕效果的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用二步酶解法,先单独使用纤维素酶和果胶酶或二者合用,再用中性蛋白酶(中性蛋白酶500U/g酶解时间5h)酶解棉籽粕,以还原糖生成量、蛋白质水解度(degreeofhydrolysis,DH)和三氯乙酸氮溶指数(trichloroaceticacid-nitrogen solution index,TCA-NSI)为标识,研究NSP酶水平对还原糖生成量、DH和TCA-NSI的影响。结果为:在先用非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides,NSP)酶水解,然后用中性蛋白酶500U/g水解5h时,单独使用纤维素酶和果胶酶均可提高还原糖生成量、DH和TCA-NSI,适宜水平分别为:纤维素酶350U/g,果胶酶250U/g;同时使用纤维素酶和果胶酶,对提高还原糖生成量、DH具有协同效应,适宜水平为:纤维素酶350U/g和果胶酶250U/g。  相似文献   

10.
为了探究提取长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖的最优工艺及抗氧化活性,对目前已有的多糖提取方法进行筛选,并采用单因素实验和响应面实验的方法,对料液比、提取温度、提取时间、木瓜蛋白酶添加量和提取次数这5个因素进行优化。结果显示,添加木瓜蛋白酶提取长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖的方法最高效便捷,且当料液比1∶40,提取温度50 ℃,提取时间3 h,提取次数2次,以及木瓜蛋白酶添加量为2.0% 时,长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖提取率相对较高,可达到41.24%±0.09%。进一步的实验结果显示,长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖对DPPH和ABTS自由基均具有良好的清除活性,其IC50值分别为2.32和0.67 mg/mL。研究表明,使用优化后的木瓜蛋白酶酶解法能有效提高长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖的提取率,且长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性。本研究可为长茎葡萄蕨藻多糖的开发利用提供理论基础和参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
红藻糖苷的提取及其对草鱼鱼糜抗冻性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨红藻糖苷的醇提工艺以及红藻糖苷对冷冻草鱼鱼糜蛋白变性作用的影响,首先采用响应面分析法对乙醇浓度、提取温度、时间和液料比4个因素进行优化,随后以冷冻鱼糜的盐溶性蛋白含量、巯基含量及肌原纤维蛋白Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性等参数为指标,探测冷冻草鱼鱼糜在冷藏过程中添加红藻糖苷对蛋白质变性作用的影响。结果显示,红藻糖苷的最佳醇提条件为乙醇72.3%、提取温度60°C、时间4 h、液料比14∶1(m L/g),在此条件下的提取率为3.46%;抗冻性能结果显示,随红藻糖苷浓度升高,抗冻效果增强;以10%红藻糖苷处理冷冻鱼糜4周后,盐溶性蛋白含量和巯基含量分别比空白组高30.62%、32.80%,肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2+-ATP酶活性的下降率比空白组低37.51%,解冻失水率的增长率比空白组低133.07%。研究表明,红藻糖苷能有效延缓草鱼鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性。  相似文献   

12.
The conditions of isolating protein from tilapia frame by-products (TFB) by a pH-shift process were investigated along with their physicochemical and gelling properties. The minimum solubility of TFB protein was observed at pH 5.5 and gradually increased at both acid and alkaline sides. The highest solubility was observed at pH 2 and 12. Protein solubility of TFB increased as the ratio of alkaline extraction medium and extraction time increased. The highest protein extraction was found at the ratio of ground sample to extraction medium of 1 to 9 and extraction time of 15 min. The maximum protein recovery was found at pH 12 with 19.19%. The color of all protein isolate samples obtained from either acid or alkaline extraction was dark brown. Whiteness of a TFB protein isolate extracted at pH 2 was the highest with a value of 14.69. An alkaline pH-shift process effectively removed fat as much as 95%. Breaking force and deformation of recovered protein gel from an alkaline pH-shift were higher than those from the acid counterpart.  相似文献   

13.
选用三叶草为试验材料,通过单因素试验设计,探讨料液比、加盐量、不同pH值和絮凝温度4个因素对三叶草叶蛋白提取率及蛋白质质量分数的影响。以叶蛋白提取率、蛋白质量分数为指标,以期获得三叶草叶蛋白提取基础参数。试验表明,料水比1:3、加盐量4%、pH值4.0、絮凝温度80℃时三叶草的叶蛋白提取率最高。  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISP) process was applied to Antarctic krill protein extraction. The solubility of Antarctic krill proteins and their fluoride content were studied between pH 1.00–13.75. The previous krill protein extraction conditions using ISP were improved. Excess fluoride in Antarctic krill was removed using a water-washing method according to its solubility. To save water, a multistage countercurrent system was used to optimize the ISP method. The results showed that the solubility of Antarctic krill proteins reached a minimum at pH 4.5 and a maximum at pH 13.5, while the concentration of dissolved fluoride was relatively unchanged (16.78–20.50 mg/L), with pH 2.00–13.50. Water-washing 4 times could reduce fluoride 98.14 ± 0.01% from krill with about a 5.14 ± 0.21% protein loss. The reduction allows krill protein to meet the Chinese National Standard (GB 2762-2005) for fluoride. Meanwhile, the four-stage countercurrent system achieved almost the same high fluoride removal rate (98.58 ± 0.01%) using only 25% of the water.  相似文献   

15.
为探讨pH和氮磷比对青岛大扁藻(Tetraselmis helgolandica)和微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)生长竞争的影响,本研究首先根据对虾养殖水体pH值的范围设置了7.5,8.0,8.5和9.0共4个pH梯度,获得了青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳pH;在该pH条件下,设置了氮磷比分别为3:2(高富磷组),6:1(富磷组),24:1(对照组)和96:1(富氮组)等4个梯度,其中,单种培养体系中只接种青岛大扁藻或者微小原甲藻,混合培养体系中同时按照1:1的比例接种青岛大扁藻和微小原甲藻。结果表明,混合培养体系中,青岛大扁藻在pH 8.5和pH 9.0时,出现拐点时间最晚,均为7 d;而微小原甲藻在pH 8.5和pH 9.0时,出现拐点时间最早,均为3 d。pH 8.5时青岛大扁藻对微小原甲藻的竞争抑制参数最大,青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳pH为8.5。单种培养体系中,微小原甲藻拐点出现的时间在高富磷组、对照组和富氮组中均晚于青岛大扁藻;混合培养体系中,对照组中微小原甲藻和青岛大扁藻拐点出现时间分别为4 d和3 d,而其他处理组2种微藻拐点出现的时间分别相同。氮磷比影响混合培养中2种微藻的竞争抑制参数,其中,96:1(富氮组)中拐点之后青岛大扁藻对微小原甲藻的竞争抑制参数(α)的平均值为9.2063,微小原甲藻对青岛大扁藻的竞争抑制参数(β)为3.4886。以上研究表明,对虾养殖水体中,青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳条件是:pH为8.5,氮磷比为96:1。  相似文献   

16.
Protein isolates from hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed shrimp waste were prepared using the pH shift method. The conditions for protein isolation from unhydrolyzed shrimp waste by the pH shift method were standardized with respect to waste to distilled water ratio (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:10 w/v) and the alkaline pH (9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) to which the waste was to be adjusted before protein precipitation for higher yield of protein isolate. The yield of precipitate with waste to distilled water ratio of 1:2.5 (17.3 ± 0.9) was lower (p < 0.05) compared to the other three dilutions. The pH to which the waste is adjusted before precipitating the proteins at pH 4.5 had no effect (p > 0.05) on the yield. The antioxidant activity of the protein isolate obtained by the pH shift method from unhydrolyzed waste was compared with that obtained from the waste hydrolyzed with Alcalase®. The DPPH scavenging activity of protein isolate after enzyme hydrolysis was significantly higher than that of protein isolate from unhydrolyzed waste. With respect to recovery of total antioxidant activity, protein isolation from unhydrolyzed waste was superior to hydrolyzed waste due to higher yield.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to evaluate functional properties of the protein extracted from lanternfish (Benthosema pterotum). Extraction of the fish protein was performed in alkaline pHs (10 and 12) followed by precipitation at its isoelectric pH. The effects of different extraction temperatures (0, 4, 11, 25, and 30°C) were also studied. The results showed that the protein recovery yield was higher when extracted at pH 12 compared to pH 10. Furthermore, some functional properties including water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity, and solubility of the protein isolated at pH 12 were higher than that isolated at pH 10 (p < 0.05). The color evaluation (L*, a*, and b*) of the samples showed protein isolated at pH 12 was lighter (higher L*) than protein isolated at pH 10, but redness (a* value) declined in both samples. Evaluation of different extraction temperatures showed that protein recovery yield and functional properties were improved with increasing temperature. Fish protein isolate can be used in the formulation of value-added products because of their distinctive functional properties.  相似文献   

18.
Hyriopsis cumingii is a freshwater mussel widely cultured in China to produce cultured pearls. However, after the pearls are harvested, the mussel is discarded. To make effective utilization of pearl production wastes, proteins were recovered from the pearl mussel meat using pH shift technology. The protein recovery conditions, chemical compositions, and functional properties of the recovered protein were investigated. Results show that the proteins could be well extracted from the meat by 5 volumes of alkali water (pH 11, 20°C, 1 h) followed by acidic precipitation (pH 5.2). The recovered product contained 94.7% of protein with high levels of essential and semiessential amino acids (48.9%). The most abundant essential amino acid was sulfur-containing amino acids (12.82%), followed by lysine (8.89%), phenylalanine (4.69%), and threonine (4.37%). Compared with soybean protein isolate and egg protein, the recovered protein had better water/oil absorption capability, better foaming ability, and similar emulsion capability. These results suggest that the protein isolated from the pearl mussel meat might be utilized as ingredients for the food industries.  相似文献   

19.
该研究以舌状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia livida)为原料,以蛋白质提取率为指标,探究不同破壁技术对舌状蜈蚣藻蛋白质的提取效果,并通过单因素分析和正交试验对超声波辅助水提法进行工艺优化,所得蛋白质经硫酸铵盐析法粗提纯后考察其体外抗氧化能力。结果显示,溶胀法、反复冻融法、珠磨法的最高蛋白质提取率分别为(29.66±0.86)%、(24.52±0.04)%、(26.52±0.79)%,均低于超声波辅助水提法;超声波辅助水提法提取舌状蜈蚣藻蛋白质的最佳工艺为:液料比160 mL·g^?1,超声全程时间60 min,超声功率1440 W,pH 6.0,此条件下蛋白质提取率可达58.16%;舌状蜈蚣藻粗蛋白质量浓度在1~8 mg·mL^?1内均具有较强抗氧化活性,其质量浓度为8 mg·mL^?1时的还原力为0.43±0.01,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的半数清除浓度(IC50)为4.00 mg·mL^?1,对2,2'-二氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(ABTS)自由基的IC50为3.96 mg·mL^?1。  相似文献   

20.
Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to maximize the removal of phospholipids (PLs) and other chemical hazards in tilapia protein isolates made from tilapia frame (TF). CaCl2 and the ratio of water to minced tilapia frame (W:TF) were the significant variables affecting PLs reduction. The optimum condition for maximal PLs reduction (90.0%) was: 10.25 mM CaCl2 and a W:TF of 7.8:1, while other variables were fixed at 5 mM citric acid, 60 min incubation, pH 11, and centrifugal speed of 8,000 × g. At these conditions, the great reduction of lipids (93.9%), Hg (97.6%), and As (95.5%), as well as 86.1% of protein recovery, were obtained. Protein isolates with significantly reduced chemical hazards and lipids were successfully prepared from tilapia frames using the alkaline extraction assisted with CaCl2 and citric acid.  相似文献   

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