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甜玉米具有相对有限的遗传基础。甜玉米主要是由北美硬粒型种(NF)衍生来的(Doebley 等,1988;Galinat,1971),而北美硬粒型种也具有有限的遗传基础(Doeb-ley 等,1986)。种质基础狭窄可能与遗传脆弱性有关,但是一个至关重要的问题是甜玉米及其祖先 NF 的农艺性状表现太差。它们的根茎质地以及抗病虫性都不好。然而,非甜种质源对改良这些性状是有效的。在非甜玉米种质向甜玉米里进行基因渗入中的一个重要限制 相似文献
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９６１１２抗叶锈病的甜玉米群体ＡＳ１２──（Ｄ．Ｗ．Ｄａｖｉｓ等），ＨｏｒｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，１９９５，Ｖｏｌ．３０，Ｎ０．３，６３７～６３８（英文）ＡＳ１２是由甜玉米（Ｓｕｇａｒｙｌ）与热带玉米复交种（１Ｂ／１Ｒ）于１９６８年杂交后衍生的。按植株整齐... 相似文献
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设施菜地夏季休闲期甜玉米经济产量及环境效益分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在北京市门头沟、房山、大兴和通州等4个区选择15个典型设施菜地,设置田间观察对比试验,研究在北方设施菜地夏季甜玉米作为填闲作物的实际经济、环境综合效益。试验结果表明,种植甜玉米有较好经济效益,经济产量达15 168.0～20 332.8kg/hm2。在环境效益方面,种植甜玉米后可有效减少浅层土壤中的硝态氮含量,降低淋溶风险。与常规休闲(休闲期不种植作物)相比,种植甜玉米可使设施菜地0～100cm土层中的硝态氮含量平均减少290.4kg/hm2。在夏季休闲期种植甜玉米是北方设施菜地兼顾经济和环境效益的有效种植措施之一。 相似文献
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骨干甜玉米自交系ＲＦＬＰｓ、形态、同工酶和系谱的多样性Ｊ．Ｔ．Ｇｅｒｄｅｓ等本研究旨在（１）用系谱、形态学、同工酶和ＲＦＬＰ的数据估测４２个甜玉米自交系的多样性数量；（２）确定这些自交系间的关系；（３）评价甜玉米自交系分类中不同距离数字的作用。１材料... 相似文献
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甜玉米作为一种集水果、蔬菜、饲料为一身的新型经济作物越来越受到国内外广泛关注。在美国等一些发达国家，甜玉米是一种非常大众化的消费品。鲜穗可直接在农贸市场或超市上市，也可加工速冻甜玉米穗或甜玉米粒，还可制成甜玉米罐头等。随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高和... 相似文献
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改良甜玉米对普通叶锈病部分抗性的系谱选择Ｇ．Ｒ．Ｇｉｎｇｅｒａ等美国大约有５０％的甜玉米种植在明尼苏达州和威斯康星州。中西部地区白天温暖，夜间寒冷潮湿的条件非常有利于普通叶锈病流行。近２０年，在中西部的北部发生了严重的叶锈流行病（Ｇｒｏｔｈ等，１９８... 相似文献
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特用玉米种子沙引发处理对其萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以糯玉米、爆裂玉米和甜玉米3种特用玉米为材料,测定沙引发处理后种子萌发指标、幼苗形态和生理指标的变化。结果表明,沙引发能显著提高糯玉米和甜玉米的种子活力,对3种特用玉米的幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用,但对种子发芽率无显著影响。沙引发处理显著提高了3种类型特用玉米幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。沙引发效果受基因型影响,对种子萌发的促进作用表现为糯玉米>甜玉米>爆裂玉米;对幼苗生长的促进作用表现为甜玉米>爆裂玉米>糯玉米。沙引发能够提高幼苗体内抗氧化酶的活性,从而增强幼苗对外界环境的适应能力。 相似文献
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微胚乳超高油玉米和高油115玉米的油脂积累规律研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
研究了油脂含量在微胚乳超高油玉米和高油115玉米的胚、非胚部位以及整粒玉米中的变化规律。结果表明：两种玉米胚中油脂含量的变化趋势比较一致,微胚乳超高油玉米单粒胚油重稍低于高油115;微胚乳超高油玉米非胚部位及整粒玉米的油分百分含量明显高于高油115;微胚乳玉米的非胚油重在授粉后21～28 d之后有明显的消减,最终降到其峰值的77.25%～87.71%;微胚乳超高油玉米最终整粒油重稍低于高油115;微胚乳超高油玉米胚油重比低于高油115,表明在微胚乳玉米中有更多的油脂分配在非胚部位。 相似文献
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2002～2010年对250个甜、糯玉米新品种进行玉米大斑病、小斑病、茎腐病和亚洲玉米螟的抗性鉴定。结果表明,不同年份间的平均病害级别差异显著,玉米螟的食叶级别无显著差异。所有鉴定品种中,对大斑病表现中抗以上的占80.0%,对小斑病表现中抗以上的占76.4%,对茎腐病表现中抗以上的占77.2%,对玉米螟表现中抗及以上的仅占5.8%。根据玉米类型分析,甜玉米的综合抗性高于糯玉米,甜玉米品种"蜜脆678"、"华珍"和"绿色超人"等12个品种以及糯玉米"浙糯玉4号"和"京甜紫花糯"等10个品种的综合抗性较佳,表现出较强的抗病虫性。 相似文献
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聊城地区主栽玉米品种对锈病的抗性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2015年采取田间自然诱发鉴定方法,分析44个主栽玉米品种对玉米锈病的抗性,明确聊城地区主栽玉米品种对锈病的抗感性差异。结果表明,不同玉米品种对玉米锈病抗性差异明显,易感病品种偏多,为54.54%(高感品种占40.91%,感病品种占13.63%);较抗病品种占36.37%(高抗品种占22.73%,抗病品种占13.64%)。大量易感品种的推广是造成玉米锈病流行的主要原因,应大力推广聊玉23、诺达1号、德单5号、登海605、鲁宁184等高抗品种。 相似文献
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We used a published biological model and published economic algorithm to evaluate western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) IPM for growers over a 15 year period beginning after significant adoption of insecticidal corn (Zea mays). The primary focus of our analysis was the economic evaluation (grower profit) of transgenic insecticidal corn expressing Cry34/35Ab1 as event 59122 and its refuge planted continuously year after year (continuous corn). We chose the reference scenario for economic comparison to be the use of soil insecticides on continuous, conventional corn. The model simulated the evolution of rootworm resistance to transgenic insecticidal (Bt) corn; but did not simulate resistance to soil insecticides. We evaluated refuge sizes of 5–50% for single-trait Bt corn and 5–20% for pyramided Bt corn with two traits targeting western corn rootworm. We considered the role of block and blended (seed mixture) refuges for insect resistance management (IRM). Results demonstrated that, for pyramided Bt corn, block refuges planted in the same location within a field year after year gave the greatest overall profit for grower. If growers relocated their block refuge annually (which is the most common practice), then a 5% blended refuge gave the greatest return. For single-trait Bt corn, 10–20% blended refuges gave greater economic return compared to block refuges ranging from 5% to 50%. Single-trait Bt corn with 5–20% block refuge (with no insecticide) was superior to soil insecticide use alone in all cornfields. 相似文献
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Silvia Carolina Moreno-Rivas Concepción Lorenia Medina-Rodríguez Patricia Isabel Torres-Chávez Benjamín Ramírez-Wong Luis Carlos Platt-Lucero 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(2):148-154
The extrusion process allows the production of nixtamalized corn flour rich in arabinoxylans, which help to prevent cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. During extrusion, physiochemical properties of nixtamalized corn flour are negatively modified. The use of enzymes such as xylanase in order to obtain nixtamalized corn flour using extrusion has been studied as an alternative to reduce these changes in corn flour tortilla. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in protein solubility of extruded nixtamalized corn flour with and without different concentrations of xylanase enzyme (0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 %, w/w). Soluble proteins of each corn flour were extracted and analyzed by SE-HPLC, while insoluble proteins were determined by the combustion method. In addition, each corn flour was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the extruded nixtamalized corn flour, with and without xylanase, increased the protein solubility, and this effect was lower in extruded nixtamalized corn flour with xylanase. Insoluble protein diminished in corn flours either with or without xylanase enzyme. The addition of xylanase reduces the effect that the extrusion process has on the solubility proteins of extruded nixtamalized corn flour. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》1995,22(2):177-184
Pearl millet grown at two different locations in the U.S.A., pearl millet A (PMA) and pearl millet B (PMB), were analyzed for chemical composition and nutrient content and compared to corn. The two samples of pearl millet and corn were incorporated into diets and fed to 24 growing pigs in a metabolism trial to determine nitrogen and mineral balance and digestibilities of energy, fat and amino acids. Pearl millet (PMA and PMB) was found to be richer in crude protein, gross energy, ether extract, acid detergent fiber, amino acid profile and mineral content than corn. However, digestibilities of dry matter (corn, 86·8%; PMA, 80·5%; PMB, 82·0%) and energy (corn, 85·3%; PMA, 78·8%; PMB, 80·5%) were higher (P<0·05) for corn than either of the pearl millet samples. Fat digestibility was much higher in pearl millet than corn. Although nitrogen intake and absorption were higher (P<0·05) for pearl millet, the digestibility of nitrogen was similar for pearl millet and corn. Net protein utilization was lower (P<0·05) in pearl millet when compared to corn (corn, 44·8%; PMA, 34·6%; PMB, 39·9%). Digestibilities of the essential amino acids, arginine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and lysine were higher in pearl millet than corn. Phosphorus retention, expressed as a percentage of intake and absorption, was higher in corn than pearl millet. Calcium intake and absorption were similar for pearl millet and corn. Intake and absorption of magnesium and managanese were also similar in pearl millet and corn. Zinc and copper retention, when expressed as a percentage of intake, were higher in corn, but absorption for both minerals was similar in corn and pearl millet. Pearl millet was found to supersede corn in nutrient content and amino acid digestibility. 相似文献
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对高直链淀粉玉米和普通玉米子粒发育过程中与淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化动态进行了比较研究。结果表明,高直链淀粉玉米子粒发育过程中,束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性高于普通玉米,可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性低于普通玉米。高直链淀粉玉米总淀粉积累量少、直链淀粉比例大是SSS、GBSS和SBE综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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玉米花粉扩散频率及距离研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用紫色玉米紫糯18作为花粉供体,常规玉米吉单35作为花粉受体,通过模拟玉米花粉扩散实验,研究玉米外源基因向周围环境遗传漂流的频率和距离。结果表明,玉米花粉的扩散频率和距离与供、受体花粉的数量、花粉活力持续的时间及玉米散粉时的气象条件有直接关系。不同玉米品种花粉产量不同,紫糯18的单株花粉平均产量干重为3.251 5 g,吉单35为2.207 3 g。花粉的存活时间与空气湿度和温度有关,湿度高,气温低,花粉易存活。当基因的漂流阈值为1%时,供体与受体隔离距离应在45 m;当基因漂流阈值为0.1%时,隔离距离应为300 m。鉴于转基因玉米的特殊性,建议将0.1%作为转基因玉米基因漂流的管理阈值。 相似文献