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1.
Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1,111 seedlings coming from 15 peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26 outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies.  相似文献   

2.
A simple and rapid method was developed for quantitative determination of juiciness in peach flesh based on the absorption of free juice with ordinary absorbent paper after a flesh sample is squeezed by two metallic rolling cylinders. Juiciness data were compared with trained panel determinations on three peach cultivars kept at 4 °C and 90% RH for 7, 14 and 21 d plus a ripening period at 20 °C and 65% RH until the flesh reached 19.6 ± 9.2 N. There was a high correlation between panel judgment and paper absorption (r2 = 0.75 in ‘Elegant Lady’, 0.77 in ‘O’Henry’ and 0.93 in ‘Ross’). A sub-sample of the juiciest and the mealiest fruit also were sorted after 14 and 21 d in cold storage. ‘Ross’, a non-melting peach cultivar, did not develop flesh mealiness during any evaluation period. During storage, there was a reduction in juiciness reaching 15% less after 21 d. Mealy fruit were exclusively observed with melting cultivars exposed to cold storage. The proposed method for determining juice content is easily executed and shows a high association with human perception of juiciness and mealiness in peach.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to dissect the physicochemical aspects of cell wall components in relation to chilling injury symptoms, expressed as flesh browning and postulated as internal breakdown in the present study, in a non-melting peach cultivar (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Andross) during ripening after 4 weeks cold storage at 5 °C. Uronic acids, neutral sugars and cellulose contents were assayed in order to determine the correlation between them and flesh browning. Cation distribution in cell wall material and activities of pectin-modifying enzymes were also monitored. Uronic acid content was higher in both water-soluble and -insoluble pectin fractions in sound peach fruit compared to fruit with internal breakdown symptoms. The chilling-injured fruit were characterized by 26% higher content in total neutral sugars compared to sound fruit, which was mainly attributed to increased galactose, arabinose and glucose contents, whereas tissue derived from sound fruit had a 27% higher cellulose content compared to chilling-injured tissue. Decreased activities of both polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase, accompanied by decreased levels of cation binding in the cell walls, primarily of calcium, were recorded in the brown-fleshed tissue. Since the examined tissues originated from fruit subjected to common storage treatments, differences reported here are related to the development of internal breakdown symptoms.  相似文献   

4.
Common (Solanum melongena L.) and scarlet (S. aethiopicum L.) eggplants are cultivated for their fruits and form part of the same genepool. We have studied plant and fruit characteristics, pollen viability and seed set, phenolics content, and fruit flesh browning in accessions of S. melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group, as well as interspecific hybrids between these species and first backcross generations to each parental species. Respective genotypes were also characterized with seven polymorphic SSR markers. The results demonstrate that many differences exist for plant and fruit morphology among S. melongena, S. aethiopicum and the interspecific hybrids. The latter are very vigorous and generally intermediate between the two parents, except for fruit size which is smaller (and parthenocarpic due to a high pollen sterility) than those of any of the parents. Backcross progenies also exhibited morphological variation with moderate heritability values for the attributes evaluated. Variation for fruit size was present in the backcross generations but fruits were small resulting in little variation for fruit shape. Backcross plants with moderate fertility produced seeded fruits. Primary hybrids had fruit phenolics content similar to that of S. aethiopicum, the parent with lowest phenolics concentration, and were heterotic for fruit flesh browning. Backcross progenies were quite variable for both traits. SSR markers did not reveal segregation distortion in the backcross generations for these interspecific hybrids. The results demonstrate that generations derived from sexual interspecific hybridization can be a powerful tool for S. melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group breeding.  相似文献   

5.
Nectarine fruit after cold storage soften normally, but become dry instead of juicy and can develop flesh browning, bleeding and a gel-like or glassy formation of the flesh near the pit. An experiment was conducted to see if time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy could distinguish these internal disorders non-destructively. The optical parameters of absorption coefficient (μa) and reduced scattering coefficient (μ′s) were measured at 670 nm and 780 nm, on nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Morsiani 90) fruit held at 20 °C after harvest or after 30 d of storage at 0 °C or 4 °C. Each day for 5 d 30 fruit were examined both non-destructively and destructively. Other measurements were firmness with a penetrometer, peel colour on the blush and non-blush side, expressible juice, weight loss, and visual rating of internal browning, bleeding, and gel. The fruit had been sorted at harvest according to the value of μa670 so that each batch had a similar spread of fruit maturity. More mature fruit (lower μa670 values) developed internal browning and bleeding with more severe symptoms compared to less mature ones (higher μa670 values). It was found that μa780 could distinguish healthy fruits from the chilling injured ones. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that fruit without cold storage had low μa780, less water loss, low firmness, but high μa670 and high expressible juice compared with cool stored fruit. Fruit cool stored at 4 °C had high μa780 and less expressible juice, lower water loss and lower firmness compared with fruit cool stored at 0 °C. It was concluded that time resolved reflectance spectroscopy could detect internal woolliness and internal browning in nectarines after storage.  相似文献   

6.
综述了桃果实的采后贮藏特性及贮运中容易出现的软化、低温伤害、果肉褐变与絮败、风味丧失及腐烂等品质劣变发生机理的研究进展,从低温、气调、冰温、减压、变温贮藏和外源物质处理等多方面介绍了其预防技术的研究现状,并展望了桃果实保鲜技术研究的未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
To maintain peach and nectarine quality after harvest, low temperature storage is used. Low temperatures induce physiological disorders in peach, but the effect of cold storage on the sensory quality of the fruit before it is damaged by chilling injury syndrome remains unclear. To evaluate the cold storage effect on the sensory quality two peach cultivars (’Royal Glory’ and ‘Elegant Lady’) and two nectarines (’Ruby Diamond’ and ‘Venus’) were harvested at a standardized firmness level and subjected to quality evaluations and sensory analysis at harvest and after storage at 0 °C for 35 d. For both time points, a supplementary ripening followed such that homogeneous flesh firmness and suitability for consumption was achieved.The fruit segregation through the Durofel firmness (DF), evaluated using a non-destructively method (Durofel device), allowed the formation of a uniform group of fruit in terms of flesh firmness (FF), showing scores between 45.1 and 55.9 N. The average FF in fruit ripened immediately after harvest was 22.9 N and 25.6 N in fruit ripened after cold storage for 35 d.The “acceptability” of fruit is highly correlated with “aroma”, “sweetness”, “juiciness”, “texture” and “flavor”. Only the “acid taste” parameter had no significant correlation with “acceptability” or with the other parameters evaluated.It is possible to conclude that the sensory quality and acceptability of peach and nectarine are characteristic of each cultivar and change, depending on the time elapsed after harvest. In general, it was confirmed that nectarine cultivars have a more consistent quality than peach cultivars.  相似文献   

8.
不同采收期对蟠桃贮藏品质及生理特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
（1北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京 100093;2中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京 100094;3中国农业出版社,北京 100026）  相似文献   

9.
The paper presents the first taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) genetic maps. Taro is an important vegetatively propagated root crop species in most subtropical areas. It is an allogamous and protogynous species with a basic chromosome number of x = 14. Two F1 progenies of 123 and 100 individuals obtained from crosses between local cultivars from Vanuatu (VU101 × VU104 and VU373 × VU314) were chosen for this study. Both genetic maps contained 169 markers, mainly AFLPs and 8 SSRs, and were characterised by a high density of markers and a short map length. The maps had 14 and 18 linkage groups (LG) respectively and were not completely saturated. Twenty-four markers were identified across the two progenies and a good co-linearity was observed for the majority of these markers. A QTL detection study was conducted on both progenies with 91 and 89 individuals respectively. Several putative QTLs were identified for corm yield and corm dimensions (which were highly correlated traits) whereas no QTL was detected for dry matter content. This result was relatively unexpected since dry matter content was a more highly heritable trait than corm yield or corm dimensions. A major dominant gene, responsible for the yellow colour of the corm flesh, was also identified. Further mapping studies on taro should include a larger number of SSR markers, larger progenies should be created and other important traits related to yield and eating quality should be included in the QTL analyses.  相似文献   

10.
An extensive genetic linkage map was constructed for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) via the study of F2 progenies derived from two cultivated inbred lines (gynoecia Z-1-4 and 189-4-1). The map included 194 loci on 11 chromosomes consisting of 26 EST-SSR loci, 28 SSR loci, 124 AFLP loci, and 16 SRAP loci. This map covered 1005.9 cM with 12 linkage groups. A total of 43 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with a single QTL associated with 5.1–33.1 % phenotypic variance, were identified on nine chromosomes for 13 horticulture traits by analyzing the F2-3 families and the genetic linkage map. The 13 horticulture traits which were investigated in three environments included female flower ratios (FFR), first female flower node (FFFN), fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, fruit shape, fruit pedicel length, fruit length pedicel ratios, fruit weight (FW), fruit numbers per plant (FPP), yield per plant (YPP), stem diameter (SD), and internodes length (IL). One QTL cluster region was detected on Lg-5 which contained the most important QTLs for YPP, FPP, FFFN, FFR, and FW with high contributions to phenotypic variance (5.8–25.4 %).  相似文献   

11.
Summary Retention of pollen grains following natural self-pollination was evaluated in 15 cultivars (cvs.) of almond, 4 peach and 2 nectarine cvs., and 37 interspecific peach × almond hybrids compared to 7 almond seedlings. The level of pollen retention was presumed to reflect and integrate the degree of homogamy, the amount of pollen produced by the flower, the extent of anther-stigma contact during anthesis, and the level of pollen germination. Pollen retention averaged 5 times greater in the peach and nectarine cvs. than in the almond cvs. The greater pollen retention, characteristic of the peach, was dominant in expression in the interspecific F1 hybrids over the lower levels of pollen retention, characteristic of the almond. Thus, gametophytic self-incompatibility is not the only trait supporting outcrossing in the almond. Our data are consistent with the concept of co-evolution of floral traits relating to different breeding strategies. The level of pollen retention could often be anticipated at anthesis on the basis of blossom phenotype. That is, stigma-anther contact was observed frequently in the blossoms of peach, nectarine, and the peach × almond F1 hybrids, but only infrequently in almond.  相似文献   

12.
以丽江雪桃为试验材料,研究其分别经0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理后,放置在（3±1）℃冷藏条件下贮藏27d及货架3d（16＋2）℃的品质变化情况。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够延缓在低温贮藏条件下丽江雪桃的后熟和衰老进程．显著降低果肉褐变指数．较好地保持果实中可滴定酸含量,维持果实硬度,抑制失重率的增加,提高果实品质。其中。以2汕L,L浓度的1-MCP处理对保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量、抑制失重的效果要好于其他处理,控制果肉褐变以1μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理效果为好。各浓度的1-MCP处理对可溶性固形物含量的变化无明显影响。  相似文献   

13.
As an important fruit vegetable, fruit-related traits have become one of the breeding hotspots of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). The fruit traits have an important role on the quality and yield of wax gourd, and QTL mapping of these traits will provide solid basis for fruit character improvement as well as high-yield breeding. In this study, the inheritance of four fruit-related traits, including fruit weight (FW), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD) and flesh thickness (FT), was analyzed. All the frequency distribution of the four traits in an F2 population showed a single peak skewed distribution, which proved them to be quantitative. Subsequently, based on the high-density genetic map using 140 F2 individuals, nine QTLs associated with the four traits were detected on chromosome 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. Four of the nine QTLs had major effect, which were responsible for more than 10.0% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, the major QTLs of FW, FD and FT shared similar location intervals, which implied that this location might contain some pleiotropic genes. This is the first report on QTL mapping of quantitative trait in wax gourd, which plays an important role for fine mapping of these important fruit traits.  相似文献   

14.
Cultivar segregation according to the sensory perception of their organoleptic characteristics was attempted by using trained panel data evaluated by principal component analysis of four sources per cultivar of 23 peach and 26 nectarine cultivars as a part of our program to develop minimum quality indexes. Fruit source significantly affected cultivar ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and ripe titratable acidity (RTA), but it did not significantly affect sensory perception of peach or nectarine flavor intensity, sourness or aroma by the trained panel. For five out of the 49 cultivars tested, source played a role in perception of sweetness. In all of these cases when a source of a specific cultivar was not classified in the proposed organoleptic group it could be explained by the fruit having been harvested outside of the commercial physiological maturity (immature or over-mature) for that cultivar. The perception of the four sensory attributes (sweetness, sourness, peach or nectarine flavor intensity, peach or nectarine aroma intensity) was analyzed by using the three principal components, which accounted for 92 and 94% of the variation in the sensory attributes of the tested cultivars for peach and nectarine, respectively. Season did not significantly affect the classification of one cultivar that was evaluated during these two seasons. By plotting organoleptic characteristics in PC1 and PC2 (∼76%) for peach and nectarine, cultivars were segregated into groups (balanced, tart, sweet, peach or nectarine aroma and/or peach or nectarine flavor intensity) with similar sensory attributes; nectarines were classified into five groups and peaches into four groups. Based on this information, we recommend that cultivars should be classified in organoleptic groups and development of a minimum quality index should be attempted within each organoleptic group rather than proposing a generic minimum quality index based on the ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC). This organoleptic cultivar classification will help to match ethnic preferences and enhance current promotion and marketing programs.  相似文献   

15.
介绍了近年来大久保桃果实采后生理与贮藏特性,重点阐述了目前国内外有关大久保桃果实采后贮藏保鲜技术研究进展,保鲜技术主要包括物理保鲜技术（如贮前热处理、间歇升温处理、气调贮藏）和化学保鲜技术（如涂膜、水杨酸、钙处理、乙醇处理）。  相似文献   

16.
The peach root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis (MF), infects majority of available nematode‐resistant peach rootstocks which are mostly derived from peach (Prunus persica) and Chinese wild peach (P. davidiana). Interspecific hybridization of peach with its wild relative, Kansu peach (P. kansuensis), offers potential for broadening the resistance spectrum in standard peach rootstocks. We investigated the inheritance of resistance to MF in segregating populations of peach (‘Okinawa’ or ‘Flordaguard’) × P. kansuensis. A total of 379 individuals from 13 F2 and BC1F1 families were challenged with a pathogenic MF isolate “MFGnv14” and were classified as resistant (R) or susceptible (S) based on root galling intensity. Segregation analyses in F2 progeny revealed the involvement of a major locus with a dominant or recessive allele determining resistance in progeny segregating 3R:1S and 1R:3S, respectively. Testcrosses with a homozygous‐susceptible peach genotype (‘Flordaguard’ or ‘UFSharp’) confirmed P. kansuensis as a source of new resistance and the heterozygous allelic status of P. kansuensis at the locus conferring resistance to MF. We propose a single‐locus dominant/recessive model for the inheritance of resistance.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
Browning is the main physiological disorder of ‘Yali’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) during storage. In this study, the relationships between browning development in fruit from different harvest dates, and cooled either rapidly or slowly, with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and isozymes, and PPO gene expression has been investigated. Development of browning was highest in late-harvest fruit in both core and flesh tissues and was higher in rapidly cooled than slowly cooled fruit. Mid-harvest fruit had the lowest browning incidence and PPO activity of core tissue was higher than in flesh and seeds, while the peak of PPO activity in mid-harvest fruit was the lowest. Six PPO isoenzymes were detected in fruit, three bands A, B and E in flesh and core tissues, three bands C, D and F in the seeds. The intensity of PPO isoenzyme staining of bands A and B in pulp and core was similar to that of PPO activity and browning incidence. PPO gene expression increased and then decreased in core tissues. Trends of expression were similar to those of PPO activity. Rapid cooling promoted the expression PPO. The results suggest PPO plays an important role in ‘Yali’ pear browning during storage.  相似文献   

19.
Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) were held in air storage at 0 °C and ripened at 20 °C, or ripened at 20 °C straight after harvest, and changes in fruit quality quantified using postharvest and sensory evaluations. Maturity at harvest significantly affected flesh firmness and other quality factors. Mealiness and gel formation only developed in fruit that had been stored at low (0 °C) temperatures. Mealiness did not develop until firmness dropped below approximately 20 N, whereas gel formation began to develop when firmness was as high as 35 N. Development of mealiness and loss of juiciness were correlated; however, slight mealiness was perceived when fruit were still considered juicy. Specific cultivar-related differences were evident in the changes in firmness and development of gel formation during and after cold storage. Fruit were less liked by the sensory panel when firmness dropped below 20 N, as juiciness decreased and mealiness and gel formation increased. Cell wall studies showed changes in yields of water-soluble and CDTA (trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid)-soluble pectin. In fruit ripened after cold storage, mealiness and gel formation was accompanied by an increase in water-soluble pectin and an increase in CDTA-soluble pectin, whereas in apricots ripened straight after harvest, water-soluble pectin increased but CDTA-soluble pectin slightly decreased. All fruit, regardless of maturity or having chilling disorders or not, fitted the same correlation between firmness and uronic acid content of water-soluble pectin, but no pattern was evident for CDTA-soluble pectin. We concluded that the increasing solubilisation of pectin was a major feature of fruit softening in apricot, whereas the differences in CDTA-soluble pectin may reflect differences in strength of cell adhesion.  相似文献   

20.
Summary Two blue-mold resistant cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L. were crossed with each other and with the susceptible Israeli local cultivar Mikhal. F1, F2 and F3 progenies of these crosses, F1 and F2 of backcrosses and the parental varieties were grown in a series of experiments, in which the seedlings were exposed to heavy natural infection with Peronospora tabacina Adam. The genetic basis of resistance was found to be identical in the two resistant strains Bel-61-10 and Chemical mutant. A single dominant major gene determined the segregation of resistance versus susceptibility in the crosses of these strains with Mikhal. The level of resistance of resistant segregates was shifted by environment and by quantitatively modifying genes. The index of resistance, which was calculated as a weighted mean of the degree of blue-mold expression of the resistant segregates, differed in the generations of cross progeny. This could be explained by the different expected levels of the modifying genes in these generations. Heritability of the index of resistance was calculated by parent-offspring regression and it was found to be 0.542 in the F3 and 0.227 in F2 backcross progenies.  相似文献   

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