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1.
Summary Seedlings of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), obtained from seven cultivars crossed with two males, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), endopeptidase (ENP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms. Eleven, eight, five and two phenotypes were revealed for the enzymes tested, respectively. Seedlings of F1 populations derived from Bayoud (Fusarium)-resistant and low fruit quality cultivars were characterized by a high electrophoretic polymorphism, when compared with progenies of Bayoud-susceptible and high fruit quality cultivars. In almost all cases, the most frequent electrophoretic phenotypes scored for each enzyme in different F1 populations, were similar to those of the corresponding parent cultivars. Heterozygous phenotypes have been found for, at least, 3 loci; Got-2, Est-1 and Enp, indicating that such loci could be used to screen for hybrid seedlings. The expected Mendelian segregation of allozymes has been observed for these 3 loci, in many F1 populations. It seems that progenies of Bayoud-resistant cultivars are characterized by a high level of electrophoretic polymorphism. The estimation of this index and the search for genetic linkage with segregating allozymes, may be biochemical criteria useful as an aid in distinguishing date palm seedling populations derived from Bayoud-resistant cultivars and suitable for breeding programs.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Polymorphism at isozyme loci was used to locate factors responsible for variation in quantitative traits of lentil. Eight sets of random single seed descent (RSSD) derived lines were developed by advancing individual F3 plants of interspecific (L. culinaris Medik. × L. orientalis Boiss.) hybrids to the F6. The RSSD lines in each of the eight sets differed for alleles at 2–8 isozyme loci. In each set, association of isozyme loci with variation in seven quantitative traits (days to flower, days to mature, plant height, biomass, seed yield, harvest index, seed weight) was determined for each pairwise combination of a quantitative trait with a marker locus. Loci affecting variation in all seven quantitative traits were detected by their association with 14 isozyme markers (Aat-c, Aat-m, Aat-p, Adh-1, Fk, Gal-1, Gal-2, Lap-1, Lap-2, Pgd-p, Pgi, Pgm-c, Pgm-p, Skdh). The known position of 10 the 14 isozyme loci on the lentil genetic map was used to mark the genomic regions for possible location of associated quantitative trait loci (QTL). Detected QTL were found to be located in six of the seven linkage groups on lentil genetic map. Regions of the genome represented by linkage groups, 1, 5 and 7 appeared to affect a greater number of traits than other genomic regions represented by linkage groups 2, 3 and 4. Results indicated that the mean expression of quantitative traits at segregating marker locus classes can be used to locate the genetic factors in lentil which influence the behavior of economically important traits.  相似文献   

3.
Summary Isozyme variation and inheritance were investigated with starch gel electrophoresis in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) x P. kansuensis Rehd. and peach x P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch. interspecific hybrids. Of five enzyme systems surveyed for polymorphism, four systems were identified as polymorphic [isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.41), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1), and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD, EC 1.1.1.44)] and may be useful as genetic markers in future cultivar and rootstock development. Analysis of progenies segregating for pairs of loci suggests a possible linkage between the loci coding for Aat-1 and Pgd-2. Independent assortment was observed for isozyme loci Idh/Pgm-2, Idh/Aat-1, Idh/Pgd-2, Pgm-2/Aat-1, Pgm-2/Pgd-2, and Aat-2/Aat-1. The red leaf locus, Gr, assorted independently of the isozyme loci: Idh, Pgm-2, Aat-1, and Pgd-2.  相似文献   

4.
Isozyme and cytogenetic analyses were performed on selfed progenies of a synthetic amphidiploid between scarlet eggplant, Solanum integrifolium (= S. aethiopicum),and eggplant, Solanum melongena `DMP', for estimating genetic uniformity. Isozymes in the 379 examined seedlings segregated into five genotypes (phenotypes) each at the four loci examined, Pgd-2 of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.43), Idh-2 of isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.41), Pgm-2 of phosphoglucomutase (E.C.2.7.5.1)and Skdh-1 of shikimate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.25), indicating that the selfed seedlings were not genetically uniform. Most of the examined 15 selfed seedlings exhibited a somatic chromosome number of 48, that is the same number of the synthetic amphidiploid, whereas isozyme genotypes among them were variable. It is suggested that the segregation of isozymes was not caused by variation of chromosome number but by genetic segregation of isozyme genes. The genome of the synthetic amphidiploid was indicated to be unstable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
Summary The potential of isozymes for distinguishing asparagus varieties was carried out by a survey on 21 varieties using 10 enzyme systems: GOT, SkDH, DIA, PGM, MDH, IDH, PGD, ACP, PGI, MR and ADH. Only 3 enzymes, SkDH, GOT and PGM, showed useful polymorphisms. The varieties were found heterogeneous according to their genetic structure: open pollinated varieties were more heterogeneous than clonal hybrids; the F1 hybrid and the vitroclones were homogeneous. As expected from the narrow genetic basis of the varieties, only a few alleles per isozyme locus were present. Moreover, for each enzyme, one allele or type was predominant so that the discriminating power of the method was low. However some of the varieties could be identified and different applications of the results are presented.Abbreviations D.U.S.- Distinction-Uniformity-Stability - ACO- aconitase - ACP- acid phosphatase - ADH- alcohol dehydrogenase - CAT- catalase - DIA- diaphorase - END- endopeptidase - GOT- glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase - IDH- isocitrate dehydrogenase - MDH- malate dehydrogenase - MR- menadione reductase - PGI- phosphoglucoisomerase - PGM- phosphoglucomutase - PGD- phosphoglucose dehydrogenase - POX- peroxidase - SkDH- shikimate dehydrogenase  相似文献   

6.
Summary Morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variation within and between cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important temperate forage legume. Two cultivars of red clover, Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada, were evaluated. Six monogenic morphological characters were observed for 80 plants from each of these two cultivars. All six morphological loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Essi whereas only four loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Ottawa. Forty plants from each cultivar were assayed for isozyme markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. Thirteen and nine of these loci were polymorphic in Essi and Ottawa, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Seventeen random 10-mer primers were screened for RAPD markers. Nine primers which gave clear and consistent amplified products were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. One hundred and eight of 116 putative loci were polymorphic in Essi and 90 of 98 loci were polymorphic in Ottawa. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. This high polymorphism makes these markers useful for germplasm characterization and genetic studies in red clover.  相似文献   

7.
L. Westphal  G. Wricke 《Euphytica》1991,56(3):259-267
Summary Electrophoretic polymorphisms of eight enzyme systems were studied in leaves of Daucus carota ssp. sativus in order to identify additional isozyme loci and generate first linkage groups of genetic markers. The genetic analysis of aconitase (ACO), leucin aminopeptidase (LAP), menadione reductase (MDR), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-PGD), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD), and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) zymograms resulted in the identification of 8 isozyme marker loci, designated as Aco-1, Lap-1, Pgm-1, Pgm-3, 6-Pgd-2, Skd-1, Tpi-1, and Tpi-2. All loci segregated with codominant alleles and encoded for monomers (ACO, LAP, PGM, SKD), and dimers (6-PGD, TPI), respectively. MDR enzymes of the variable region MDR-2 appeared to be identical with Dia-2 isozymes. Tests of joint segregation for pairwise comparisons of all 14 isozyme marker loci now available in carrots indicate that 12 loci are linked in 4 linkage groups (marked K1 to K4) in the following order: Aco-1, Pgi-1, and Dia-3 (K1), Tpi-2, Got-2, and Lap-1 (K2), Got-3 and Tpi-1 (K3) and Pgm-1, Pgm-3, 6-Pgd-2 and Skd-1 (K4). Dia-2 and Got-1 remained unlinked. The possible duplication of a PGM locus and a 6-PGD locus is discussed.  相似文献   

8.
Summary Salvia columbariae is a herbaceous annual species which has potential for domestication as a new source of industrial oil. Isozyme markers provide a mean by which this process may be facilitated. Isozyme survey of field grown Salvia columbariae plants showed variation for malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and phosphogllucomutase (PGM). Selfed seed was obtained from the field and was grown in the greenhouse for segregation analyses. Electrophoretic results indicated that MDH was variable at zone 1, showing presence or absence of a band. The observed segregation ratio was not significantly different from expected ratio for Pgi-4 and Pgm-3 isozymes, indicating monogenic control of the two loci. Pgi-4 locus was heterozygous for a null allele. Cross dimerization between the allozyme Pgi-3 and Pgi-4 loci resulted in an intergenic band for this isozyme system.Abbreviations ACO aconitase - ADH alcohol dehydrogenase - DTT-DL dithiothreitol - FDH formate dehydrogenase - GOT glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase - IDH isocitric dehydrogenase - MDH malate dehydrogenase - MNR menadione reductase - 6PGD 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - PGI phosphoglucose isomerase - PGM phosphoglucomutase - PVP-40 polyvinylpyrrolidone - SKDH shikimate dehydrogenase - TPI triosephosphate isomerase  相似文献   

9.
Om P. Rajora 《Euphytica》1989,43(3):207-213
Summary Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was done to assay 10 enzyme systems in root tips of 14 Populus deltoides x P. nigra clones developed by controlled hybridization and selected in North America, and some clones sharing one or both parents. The genotypes of the clones were determined for 31 loci coding for 10 enzyme systems. The interclonal allozyme variability was controlled by 12 loci. Each of the 14 clones had unique 12-locus genotypes, thus could be distinguished from each other. The clones differed from each other on an average of 4.2 loci. The first two Principal Components from Principal Component Analysis of the clonal allozyme genotype data accounted for 48% of the total variation in the 12 variant loci. 6-Pgd-3, Per-2, 6-Pgd-1, Aco-1 and Per-1 were found to be the most discriminating loci for the clones. The ordination of the clones on Principal Component axes 1 and 2 was in general agreement with the origin of the clones.  相似文献   

10.
Summary This study was conducted to elucidate the inheritance and linkage relationships of isozymes in aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD, EC 1.1.1.43), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25) in eggplant and its wild relatives. Segregating populations were generated by backcrossing of hybrids among the species. Evidence of Mendelian inheritance was obtained for seven loci: Aat-1, Adh-1, Adh-2, Pgd-1, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Skdh-1. Twenty-one pairs of loci were tested for independent assortment, suggesting three linked pairs, Aat-2 with Pgd-2 (R=0.35±0.07), Adh-2 with Pgm-1 (R=0.33±0.07) and Pgd-2 with Pgm-2 (R=0.32±0.06).Abbreviations AAT aspartate aminotransferase - ADH alcohol dehydrogenase - PGD phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - PGM phosphoglucomutase - SKDH shikimate dehydrogenase  相似文献   

11.
Summary The paper deals with variations in enzyme pattern in the seeds of ulluco, Ullucus tuberosus. Six seeds per clone, four clones and three enzyme systems (malate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and 6-fosfoglucose dehydrogenase) were examined. There was variation in enzyme pattern between the seeds of a single clone. It is concluded that ulluco is not an apomictic species but a truly sexual one. Consequences of these findings for breeding programmes of ulluco are pointed out.  相似文献   

12.
Summary The morphological variation and the isozymic polymorphism in 19 asparagus accessions currently used in cultivation and breeding are described. Moreover 2 wild populations from Turkey were added in the isozymic study. Characters of ramification height permit to separate accessions usually cultivated for white asparagus and accessions usually cultivated for green asparagus. Starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was realized to assay 7 enzyme systems. 29 polymorphic bands were taken into account in the study. Four accessions show specific bands for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, shikimate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. In particular, the two populations from Turkey and one population traditionally cultivated in local area of Spain are well differentiated from the remaining accessions. Accessions from the United States representing different selections are relatively well separated from each other.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Fifty-nine spring and 7 winter barley varieties in The Danish List of Varieties of Agricultural Crops, 1983/84 were examined for variation at 39 isoenzyme and two hordein loci. Twenty-three isoenzyme loci had one allele only, and 16 loci had from two to five alleles. One hordein locus had 12 and the other 15 alleles. The variation in the 16 enzyme loci permitted the division of the 66 varieties into 63 groups, while the two hordein loci produced 34 groups. A study of 20 individuals from each variety showed that 22 varieties were polymorphic in at least one locus. Eight starch gel electrophoresis with various buffer systems, one agar gel electrophoresis (for amylases), and one polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (for hordein) were performed to develop the patterns associated with the 41 loci. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis developing hordein patterns was clearly the most powerful single system for identifying barley varieties because of the large number of alleles.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Polymorphism of ten enzymes, acid phosphatase (APH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), phosphorylase (PP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malic enzyme (ME), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 and 2 (GOT-1, GOT-2) and phosphoglucomutase 1 and 2 (PGM-1 and PGM-2), was investigated in three gene pools of cultivated chicory, including six cultivated wild chccory, eight industrial chicory and eight Brussels chicory varieties. LAP, APH, PP and PGM-2 showed high phenotypic polymorphism whilst GOT-1 and ME had poor polymorphism. For three enzyme coding loci Lap, Pgm-1 and Got-2, allele frequencies were determined. Isozyme composition in the three chicory gene pools was significantly different, showing, respectively, high, intermediate and poor average amount of phenotypic polymorphism in cultivated wild chicory, industrial chicory and Brussels chicory. Isozyme variation within and between varieties of the three gene pools is discussed in relation to breeding practices.  相似文献   

15.
F. Lefèvre  A. Charrier 《Euphytica》1992,66(3):171-178
Summary Starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess isozyme polymorphism in two Manihot species. Crude extracts were obtained from leaves and pollen. Ten enzymes were examined for their polymorphism in a germplasm collection of 365 cultivated plus 109 wild accessions, mainly from Africa. The inheritance of these enzymes was examined using 13 intra and interspecific progenies. Seventeen polymorphic loci were found for the ten enzyme systems, with 59 alleles. All the markers showed disomic heredity and three linkage groups were identified.  相似文献   

16.
Isozymes as genetic markers in bananas and plantains   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
R. L. Jarret  R. E. Litz 《Euphytica》1986,35(2):539-549
Summary Twenty-four clones of banana and plantain representing various levels of ploidy and diploid M. balbisiana, were analysed for enzyme variants of malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, shikimate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Polymorphism was detected in all 5 enzyme systems. In addition, the four principal Cavendish clones, Robusta, Giant Cavendish, Dwarf Cavendish and Pisang masak hijau were found to be monomorphic for isozymes of 10 additional enzymes. Isozymes of glutamate oxaloacetate transminase were the most useful for discriminating among clones of a particular genomic group.Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 6858.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Isozyme patterns were used to characterize ten commercial rape seed (Brassica napus) cultivars. Extracts of cotyledons were made 4–7 days after germination and separated by electrophoresis on starch gels. A sample of more than 100 plants of each variety was analysed and stained for 4 polymorphic enzyme loci (Lap, Gpi, Acon, and Sdh). Therewith, it was possible to distinguish all ten rape varieties qualitatively by at least one typical enzyme pattern. Further, it could be demonstrated that all pairs of varieties showed clear qualitative differences in isozyme patterns, when only tow loci were screened (Acon, Sdh). Using 2 test of homogeneity all pairs of varieties differ significantly in their frequencies of isozyme patterns for Acon and in all but one for Sdh.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic analysis and linkage study of seed weight in lentil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Summary The genetics of seed weight was studied in crosses between the cultivated lentil L. culinaris and the wild species L. orientalis and L. ervoides. Seed weight was found to be under polygenic control with additive and dominant gene action and with partial dominance of low seed weight alleles. High heretability estimates were obtained in the analysed crosses. Nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction was found to affect seed weight in crosses involving accession No.138 of L. orientalis. Factors affecting seed weight were linked to morphological and DNA markers distributed over several linkage groups. High seed weight in segregating generations were usually associated with alleles of marker loci originated from the cultivated parent. Factors enhancing seed weight were detected in accession No.138 of L. orientalis, indicating the potential of wild genetic resources for seed weight improvement in lentil.  相似文献   

19.
Summary From backcrosses of three interspecific hybrids (A. fistulosum x A. cepa) with a. cepa 14 diploid and 2 triploid plants were recovered.In this BC1 population introgression of A. fistulosum genetic material into the A. cepa nuclear genome was studied using two isozyme markers: Got-1 and Got-2. Both loci carried two alleles. A. cepa was monomorphic for both markers. A. fistulosum was polymorphic for Got-2. Based on their Got isozyme pattern seven out of the 14 diploid BC1 plants had a recombinant genotype. The loci appeared to be unlinked. Differences were observed in nuclear DNA contents between the diploid BC1 plants, indicating that gametes produced by the interspecific hybrids contained different combinations of chromosomal material from A. cepa and A. fistulosum.Abbreviations Adh alcohol dehydrogenase - Got glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase - Idh isocitrate dehydrogenase - Pgi phosphoglucoisomerase - Pgm phosphoglucomutase  相似文献   

20.
Summary Four leaf enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), peroxidase (PX) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) of 17 walnut cultivars and two pollen enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) of 15 walnut cultivars were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Walnut cultivars of different origin exhibited different numbers of electrophoretic bands and also different relative mobility. Different activity levels and phenotypic groups were detected in studied enzyme systems. Pollen enzymes revealed higher variability than enzymes extracted from the leaves. 15 walnut cultivars were classified into 10 malate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups and 14 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on pollen analyses. 17 cultivars were classified into 9 peroxidase phenotypic groups and 7 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on analyses of leaves. All of the 15 walnut cultivars could be identified and distinguished with electrophoretic analyses of MDH and 6PGD from the pollen while only 10 cultivars were distinguishable with analyses of 6PGD and PRX from the leaves. No variability useful for cultivar identification was observed in MDH and AAT from the leaves.  相似文献   

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