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[目的]研究双酶水解大豆玉米分离蛋白以制备大豆玉米活性多肽的最佳试验条件。[方法]以大豆蛋白和玉米蛋白为主要原料,配制不同浓度的大豆玉米分离蛋白溶液,经预处理后,分别用风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶水解,通过测定水解度和酶活力,确定试验用酶。并将所选酶按一定比例两两混合,采用正交试验确定双酶水解的最佳条件。[结果]最佳水解条件为大豆玉米分离蛋白溶液浓度2%,风味蛋白酶与复合蛋白酶的比例1∶1,pH 7.0,水解时间8 h;在该条件下,大豆玉米分离蛋白的水解度可达75.14%。[结论]该研究为大豆玉米活性多肽的开发与应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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酶法制备大米活性肽及抗氧化性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以水解液中活性多肽的得率为目标,分别采用5种蛋白酶对大米蛋白进行水解,得出最佳水解酶。水解大米蛋白然后脱盐处理,用铁氰化钾测定了大米多肽的还原能力,并考查了大米多肽对羟基自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-.)、二苯代苦味肼酰基自由基(DPPH.)的抑制作用,并同VC做了比较。结果表明:大米蛋白制备活性肽的最佳水解工具酶为枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶。大米多肽具有还原能力,并对这几种自由基体系具有不同的清除作用。在20.00～50.00 mg/mL时,大米多肽和VC对.OH的清除作用相当;大米多肽对O2-.的清除作用随浓度的增加而增强;在5.00 mg/mL时,大米多肽对DPPH.的清除率达到57.69%,但对O2-.和DPPH.的清除能力均低于VC。 相似文献
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牡蛎抗氧化活性肽的酶解工艺研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶为工具酶,利用正交试验法确定了木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶酶解制备牡蛎抗氧化活性肽的最佳酶解工艺。结果表明：当时间为150min、酶用量为6％、温度为45℃、pH为7．0时,木瓜蛋白酶酶解液的抗氧化活性最强;当时间为110min、酶用量为3％、温度为65℃、pH为6．0时,中性蛋白酶酶解液的抗氧化活性最强。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分析的结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶酶解液中最佳抗氧化活性组分的相对分子质量为1191和826左右,中性蛋白酶酶解液最佳抗氧化活性组分的相对分子质量为1074和735左右,其抗氧化活性峰值与蛋白肽在280nm下的吸收峰值分别相吻合。 相似文献
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食源性二肽基肽酶Ⅳ（Dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ）抑制肽和抗氧化肽分别有助于清除体内自由基和调节机体血糖。为实现脱脂南极磷虾粉的高值化利用,以及为糖尿病治疗寻找新方法,本研究从脱脂南极磷虾粉酶解产物中制备DPP-Ⅳ抑制肽和抗氧化肽段。使用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰酶水解脱脂南极磷虾粉,探究时间与水解度、活性、产率的关系,并分离纯化多肽,最后通过分子对接确定抑制作用位点。结果表明,酶解液经超滤、Sephadex G15分离纯化和液相-质谱联用技术鉴定后,得到了4条具有DPP-Ⅳ抑制和抗氧化作用的肽,氨基酸序列分别为WPPLSPFRCPR、IPDWFLNRQ、FLWLKKTPLPL和DTVPWFPR。其中IPDWFLNRQ具备较高的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性,DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性IC50值为（0.616±0.097）mmol/L;WPPLSPFRCPR具有较高的抗氧化活性,DPPH EC50值为（0.098 3±0.011） mmol/L,ABTS EC50值为（0.116±0.073） mmol/L。分子对接结果表明这4个肽主要通过氢键与DPP-Ⅳ活性中心及其以外的位点... 相似文献
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The physiological mechanism of maintaining the green colour of pak choy leaves (Brassica rapa var chinensis) with heat-shock treatment was studied. Chlorophyll in the outer leaves of pak choy degraded rapidly during storage at ambient temperature (20 ± 2℃), a slight yellow appeared. Heat-shock treatment (46- 50℃) had a mild effect on maintaining the green colour of outer leaves. Normal chlorophyll degradation was associated with a binding of chlorophyll with chlorophyll-binding-protein preceding chlorophyll breakdown.Heat-shock treatment was found to reduce the binding-capacity between chlorophyllbinding-protein and chlorophyll. In the chlorophyll degradation pathway, pheide dioxygenase was synthesized during leaf senescence which was considered to be a key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation. Activity of this enzyme was reduced following heat-shock treatment, which might explain the observed reduction in chlorophyll breakdown. Two groups of heat-shock proteins were detected in treated leaves, the first group containing proteins from 54KDa to 74 Kda, and the second group contained proteins from 15 KDa to 29KDa. Heat-shock treatment was also found to retard the decline of glucose and fructose (the main energy substrates) of outer leaves. 相似文献
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海洋生物蛋白资源是海洋生物资源的重要组成部分,对其进行高值化加工利用是海洋生物技术研究的重要内容,酶解是提高海洋蛋白功能性的有效方式,但酶种类不同,其作用位点不同,可能对酶解产物的活性有一定影响。为了探究了沙蚕不同酶解产物的抗氧化性,采用6种蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶）酶解沙蚕,测定了不同酶解时间下的水解度、分子量分布、3种自由基（DPPH、O-2·、·OH）的清除率等反映抗氧化水平的指标。结果表明：胰蛋白酶小分子肽得率最高,为70.47%;胃蛋白酶次之,为68.12%。酶解液浓度为5 mg·mL-1时,胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解4 h时,DPPH清除率效果较好,分别为90.87%和90.52%。胃蛋白酶酶解3 h时,O-2·清除率效果最佳,为89.78%;木瓜蛋白酶酶解3 h时,O-2·清除率效果次之,为57.99%。碱性蛋白酶酶解4 h和胃蛋白酶酶解2 h时,·OH清除率效果较好,分别为85.07%和83.37%。胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶对提高酶解液水解度和小肽生成作用明显,胃蛋白酶的酶解产物对3种自由基清除率较好,更适用于制备沙蚕抗氧化肽。 相似文献
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乳源降血压七肽基因在毕赤酵母中的表达研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用基因工程技术在毕赤酵母中高效表达乳源抗高血压七肽,为大规模生产抗高血压肽奠定基础。根据毕赤酵母密码子偏爱性,人工合成了具有较高活性的抗高血压七肽串联基因序列。将串联基因克隆至表达载体pPIC9上,并转化毕赤酵母GS115,经PCR检测获得2株重组菌株。重组菌经甲醇诱导,表达的分泌蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解,测定酶解产物抑制ACE酶活性。结果表明,表达蛋白的胰蛋白酶酶解产物抑制ACE酶活性达到65.12%。IC50值为0.0203 mg.mL-1。研究成功合成了串联的13拷贝抗血压七肽基因,并实现了其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达,表达蛋白的胰蛋白酶酶解产物具有抗高血压肽活性。 相似文献
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【目的】可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）是一种世界性分布的重要植物病原真菌,可引起严重的葡萄溃疡病（Botryosphaeria dieback）,影响果木品质并造成巨大的经济损失。本研究预测并分析可可毛色二孢基因组范围内的分泌蛋白,并明确其基本特征,为该病菌分泌蛋白致病机理的研究打下基础。【方法】依据已公布的可可毛色二孢全基因组序列,利用信号肽预测软件SignalP v5.0、跨膜结构分析软件TMHMM v2.0、细胞器定位分析软件ProtComp v9.0、GPI锚定预测软件big-PI Fungal Predictor和亚细胞器定位分析软件TargetP v2.0生物信息学软件对该菌中的典型分泌蛋白进行筛选。对分泌蛋白N端信号肽的长度、氨基酸使用频率及其切割位点进行统计分析。依据蛋白序列的同源性,应用BLASTP程序对分泌组蛋白进行功能注释分析,预测其生物学功能。采用蔗糖酶缺陷的酵母分泌系统,对所选分泌蛋白的信号肽进行活性检测。利用qRT-PCR方法检测所选分泌蛋白基因在可可毛色二孢侵染葡萄中的表达情况。【结果】在可可毛色二孢全基因组编码蛋白中共筛选获得552个潜在的具有典型信号肽的分泌蛋白,占全基因组预测蛋白总数的4.3%,其编码蛋白长度集中于101—400 aa。信号肽统计分析表明,其信号肽长度以18—20 aa的序列最为集中,信号肽长度为20 aa的蛋白数量最多。信号肽中使用频率最高的氨基酸为丙氨酸;非极性、疏水的氨基酸使用频率最高,占氨基酸总数的60.2%。其信号肽的-3至-1位置上的氨基酸相对保守,切割位点属于A-X-A类型,可被Sp I型信号肽酶识别并切割。336个分泌蛋白具有功能注释,其功能较多集中于细胞壁降解有关的酶类以及致病相关蛋白,并且这些蛋白在分子量、等电点、脂肪族氨基酸指数等方面均存在差异。通过蔗糖酶缺陷的酵母分泌系统证实,挑选的9个分泌蛋白信号肽均具有分泌活性。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,所选分泌蛋白基因在该病菌侵染初期的表达发生变化。【结论】利用生物信息学分析技术从可可毛色二孢全基因组中共预测获得552个经典分泌蛋白。其信号肽氨基酸长度分布广泛,氨基酸组成中非极性、疏水的氨基酸使用频率最高。功能注释主要集中在细胞壁组分降解相关的酶类、致病侵染相关的坏死诱导相关蛋白以及几丁质结合蛋白等。 相似文献
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A peptide having enzyme-like catalytic activity has been designed and synthesized. Computer modeling was used to design a bundle of four short parallel amphipathic helical peptides bearing the serine protease catalytic site residues serine, histidine, and aspartic acid at the amino end of the bundle in the same spatial arrangement as in chymotrypsin (ChTr). The necessary "oxyanion hole" and substrate binding pocket for acetyltyrosine ethyl ester, a classical ChTr substrate, were included in the design. The four chains were linked covalently at their carboxyl ends. The peptide has affinity for ChTr ester substrates similar to that of ChTr and hydrolyzes them at rates approximately 0.01 that of ChTr; total turnovers greater than 100 have been observed. The peptide is inhibited by ChTr specific inhibitors and is inactive toward benzoyl arginine ethyl ester, a trypsin substrate. The peptide is inactivated by heating above 60 degrees C, but recovers full catalytic activity upon cooling and lyophilization from acetic acid. 相似文献
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Regulated intramembrane proteolysis by members of the site-2 protease (S2P) family is an important signaling mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Here we report the crystal structure of the transmembrane core domain of an S2P metalloprotease from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The protease consists of six transmembrane segments, with the catalytic zinc atom coordinated by two histidine residues and one aspartate residue approximately 14 angstroms into the lipid membrane surface. The protease exhibits two distinct conformations in the crystals. In the closed conformation, the active site is surrounded by transmembrane helices and is impermeable to substrate peptide; water molecules gain access to zinc through a polar, central channel that opens to the cytosolic side. In the open conformation, transmembrane helices alpha1 and alpha6 separate from each other by 10 to 12 angstroms, exposing the active site to substrate entry. The structure reveals how zinc embedded in an integral membrane protein can catalyze peptide cleavage. 相似文献
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Limited enzymatic hydrolysis of skim milk by trypsin was investigated in this paper,and it was found that the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of milk proteins had a relationship of DH^-1=a bt^-1 with the time(t) of hydrolysis at low enzyme concentrations some properties of the protein such as NSI in PI or TCA were changed obviously,It was suggested that mosk milk proteins would be degraded into peptides by trypsin. 相似文献
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采用基因克隆方法获得酸性蛋白酶基因,在毕赤酵母KM71表达系统中进行表达,并将重组酵母酸性蛋白酶rPrA经过浓缩后研究其酶学性质,初步探究了rPrA对大豆蛋白和酪蛋白的水解情况.结果表明:经过异源表达后的重组毕赤酵母酸性蛋白酶分子量约为44 ku,在pH3.0的发酵条件下酶活最高,可达46.92U/mL.该酸性蛋白酶的最适pH值为3.0,最适温度为35℃.Mn2+对该酶活性有激活作用,多种金属离子对该酶有抑制作用;0.1 mmol/L的Pepstain A即可完全抑制酶活,说明此重组酶的活性中心有天冬氨酸残基.对大豆蛋白和酪蛋白的初步水解试验可知,当E/S为4 000 U/g时,此重组酶对大豆分离蛋白和酪蛋白的水解度分别为9.0％和8.34％.优化发酵条件以及与多种蛋白酶进行复配,该重组蛋白酶将在蛋白水解中有很好的应用前景,有望应用到畜禽饲料加工行业. 相似文献
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Genetic and crystallographic studies of the 3',5'-exonucleolytic site of DNA polymerase I 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
V Derbyshire P S Freemont M R Sanderson L Beese J M Friedman C M Joyce T A Steitz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4849):199-201
Site-directed mutagenesis of the large fragment of DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) yielded two mutant proteins lacking 3',5'-exonuclease activity but having normal polymerase activity. Crystallographic analysis of the mutant proteins showed that neither had any alteration in protein structure other than the expected changes at the mutation sites. These results confirmed the presumed location of the exonuclease active site on the small domain of Klenow fragment and its physical separation from the polymerase active site. An anomalous scattering difference Fourier of a complex of the wild-type enzyme with divalent manganese ion and deoxythymidine monophosphate showed that the exonuclease active site has binding sites for two divalent metal ions. The properties of the mutant proteins suggest that one metal ion plays a role in substrate binding while the other is involved in catalysis of the exonuclease reaction. 相似文献
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响应面法优化蛋白酶提取贻贝蛋白的工艺参数 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以贻贝蛋白质为原料,对比研究了pH值、加酶量、物料比、时间、温度等对木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶提取贻贝蛋白质的影响。结果表明,中性蛋白酶的蛋白质回收率最高。对中性蛋白酶进行优化试验,得出最佳的提取条件:pH值为6.3,加酶量为0.75%,酶解温度为42.9℃,184.9 min的酶解时间,可得到最大蛋白质回收率(72.2%)。通过氨基酸全自动分析仪分析,得出氨基酸含量酶解前后变化了1.453%。 相似文献
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Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase 总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69
D R Knighton J H Zheng L F Ten Eyck N H Xuong S S Taylor J M Sowadski 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5018):414-420
The structure of a 20-amino acid peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and its interactions with the enzyme, are described. The x-ray crystal structure of the complex is the basis of the analysis. The peptide inhibitor, derived from a naturally occurring heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor, contains an amphipathic helix that is followed by a turn and an extended conformation. The extended region occupies the cleft between the two lobes of the enzyme and contains a five-residue consensus recognition sequence common to all substrates and peptide inhibitors of the catalytic subunit. The helical portion of the peptide binds to a hydrophobic groove and conveys high affinity binding. Loops from both domains converge at the active site and contribute to a network of conserved residues at the sites of magnesium adenosine triphosphate binding and catalysis. Amino acids associated with peptide recognition, nonconserved, extend over a large surface area. 相似文献
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A free NH2-terminal group has been previously shown to be an obligatory signal for recognition and subsequent degradation of proteins in a partially fractionated and reconstituted ubiquitin proteolytic system. Naturally occurring proteins with acetylated NH2-termini--most cellular proteins fall in this category--were not degraded by this system. Other studies have suggested that the identity of the NH2-terminal residue is important in determining the metabolic stability of a protein in vivo (N-end rule). Whole reticulocyte lysate and antibodies directed against the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) have now been used to show that such acetylated proteins are degraded in a ubiquitin-dependent mode. Although fractionation of lysate does not affect its proteolytic activity toward substrates with free NH2-termini, it completely abolishes the activity toward the blocked substrates, indicating that an important component of the system was either removed or inactivated during fractionation. An NH2-terminal "unblocking" activity that removes the blocking group, thus exposing a free NH2-terminus for recognition according to the N-end rule, does not seem to participate in this pathway. Incubation of whole lysate with labeled histone H2A results in the formation of multiple ubiquitin conjugates. In contrast, the fractionated system is devoid of any significant conjugating activity. These results suggest that a novel conjugating enzyme (possibly a ubiquitin-protein ligase) may be responsible for the degradation of these acetylated proteins by recognizing structural features of the substrate that are downstream and distinct from the NH2-terminal residue. 相似文献
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Active human-yeast chimeric phosphoglycerate kinases engineered by domain interchange 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a monomeric protein composed of two domains of approximately equal size, connected by a hinge. Substrate-induced conformational change results in the closure of the active site cleft, which is situated between these two domains. In a study of the relations between structure and function of this enzyme, two interspecies hybrids were constructed, each composed of one domain from the human enzyme and one domain from the yeast enzyme. Despite a 35% difference in the amino acid composition between human and yeast PGK, catalytic properties of the hybrid enzymes are very similar to those of the parental proteins. This result demonstrates that the evolutionary substitutions within these two distantly related molecules do not significantly affect formation of the active site cleft, mechanism of domain closure, or enzyme activity itself. 相似文献
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确定了紫贻贝胰蛋白酶水解时的最佳条件,研究了紫贻贝酶解多肽的体外抗肿瘤活性。采用正交实验方法,以料液比、pH、加酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间为因素,以酶解液的氨基氮含量和肿瘤细胞增殖抑制率为指标进行L16（45）正交实验,MTT法检测酶解多肽对DU-145、PC-3、H1299和MGC80-3等肿瘤细胞的抑制活性;HE染色法观察酶解多肽对肿瘤细胞形态的影响;免疫组化法检测酶解多肽对细胞中Bcl-2表达的影响。结果表明：当料液比为1：4、pH为8.5、加酶量为1 000 U/g、温度为45℃、酶解时间为5 h时酶解多肽的水解度最大;当料液比为1：4、pH为8.0、加酶量为1 500 U/g、温度为40℃、酶解时间为2 h时酶解多肽的抗肿瘤活性最强,该肽可以下调肿瘤细胞中Bcl-2的表达。紫贻贝酶解多肽具有抗肿瘤活性,可能是通过诱导细胞凋亡来实现的。 相似文献