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外源NO对Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄叶片活性氧损伤的缓解效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)对次生盐渍胁迫下植物抗氧化系统的调节作用,以番茄品种‘秦丰保冠’为试材,在营养液栽培条件下研究叶面喷施外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对80mmol·L~(-1)Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、叶片光合、活性氧物质、抗氧化酶活性和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响。结果表明,Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下喷施SNP处理的番茄幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O_2~(·-))的产生速率以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)的含量和电解质渗漏率显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)的活性显著升高或得以维持,同时叶片抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及其还原力(AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG值)显著升高,叶片活性氧损伤得到有效缓解,叶绿素降解和光合速率的下降得到有效抑制,进而促进了植株的生长发育,提高了番茄幼苗的耐盐能力。 相似文献
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烟草是重要的模式植物和经济作物,盐害和干旱两种环境因子对其生长发育、产量和品质都危害很大。为了提高烟草的耐盐抗旱性,本研究利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法在烟草中过量表达了碱蓬液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运基因SsNHX1,对转基因烟草的耐盐及抗旱性进行表型鉴定和各项生化指标的检测,以期得到耐盐抗旱表性良好的SsNHX1转基因烟草。表型分析发现,SsNHX1基因过表达株系L1和L5的抗盐能力比野生型显著提高,表现为盐胁迫条件下仍能保持旺盛的生长且根系的伸长未受抑制。SsNHX1过表达株系在叶片和根系中积累了更多的Na~+和K~+,同时Na~+含量增长速率较快,而K~+含量降低速率较缓,并可维持较高的叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量,及较低的丙二醛含量和相对电导率。干旱胁迫发现,过表达株系受干旱胁迫程度更小,并在复水后迅速恢复正常生长。同时,过表达株系的丙二醛含量和相对电导率显著低于野生型,且维持了较高的叶片相对含水量及叶绿素含量。这些结果说明SsNHX1基因在烟草中过量表达后,降低了盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对烟草根系及细胞膜的损伤,并通过调节离子含量、降低细胞的渗透势,维持了叶片较高的相对含水量和叶绿素含量,最终提高了烟草的抗盐和抗旱性。 相似文献
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为探究棉花幼苗营养器官抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环系统对低温胁迫的响应机制,以新陆早57号为试验材料,研究4℃低温胁迫不同时间(0、1和2 d)对根、茎和叶中抗氧化物质含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照(0 d)相比,随着低温胁迫时间延长,棉花幼苗根中还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量及单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性呈上升趋势,氧化型抗坏血酸(DHA)含量先减少后增加,氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性先升高后降低,谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态(GSH/GSSG比率)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性总体呈下降趋势,抗坏血酸氧化还原状态(AsA/DHA比率)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性无显著性差异;茎和叶中AsA和GSH含量、AsA/DHA比率及APX、MDHAR和GR活性总体呈上升趋势,且茎中DHAR活性升高,DHA和GSSG含量先减少后增加,GSH/GSSG比率和GPX活性无显著性差异,而叶中DHA含量和GSH/GSSG比率先不变后增加,DHAR活性先升高后降低,GSSG含量和GPX活性无显著性差异。综合分析显示,棉花幼苗通过调节根、茎和叶中抗氧化物质含量和酶活性来清除活性氧,从而适应低温胁迫,减轻低温伤害。此外,低温对根中AsA-GSH循环影响最大。本研究结果为揭示低温胁迫对棉花幼苗AsA-GSH循环代谢机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对银中杨生理生化特性的影响 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以银中杨三年生苗木为试验材料,模拟不同程度的土壤干旱环境,研究了土壤干旱对银中杨生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,叶绿素含量在干旱初期降低,持续到干旱14天时,随着干旱程度的加剧,叶绿素含量增加。SOD在轻度干旱胁迫的初期,其活性提高,随着胁迫时间的延长、胁迫强度的加剧,其活性降低,但降低幅度较小;POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低;类胡萝卜素、脯氨酸含量和电解质含量略微增加,可溶性糖含量显著增加;丙二醛(M DA)含量无明显变化,银中杨叶片的电导率在干旱初期随着土壤含水量的降低而增加,干旱胁迫14天时,差异不显著。 相似文献
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NaCl 胁迫下外源壳聚糖对菜用大豆叶绿体抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
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砧木的抗旱能力直接影响桃品种生长发育,选择适宜抗旱性桃砧木对桃产业发展有积极的促进作用。为阐明不同桃砧木对干旱胁迫生理响应机制,以5种桃砧木扦插苗为试材,通过盆栽控水方式,研究不同程度干旱胁迫下5种桃自根砧的叶片水分特性、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶及叶绿素含量变化。结果表明,随着干旱程度加重,5种砧木相对含水量、临界含水量下降,自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏及需水程度上升,组织密度和自由水含量逐渐减少,束缚水含量则增大,持水能力、组织水势和耐旱系数下降。各干旱胁迫处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量、 游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量均增加;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,其中随干旱程度加重,丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈增加趋势,SOD活性、CAT活性也均呈提升趋势,可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、POD活性变化不尽相同。综合隶属函数分析可知,桃自根砧品种间抗旱性由强到弱依次为樱桃李5号、RA、樱桃李3号、GF677、樱桃李1号。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0、0.02、0.1、0.5、2.5 mg/L)的表油菜素内酯(EBR)对镉胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及镉累积的影响。结果表明,镉处理后番茄幼苗的生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(POD和CAT)活性均下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率和渗透调节物质含量均升高;喷施一定浓度的EBR(0.5 mg/L)后,番茄幼苗的生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(POD和CAT)活性及脯氨酸含量均显著增加,可溶性蛋白、MDA含量和相对电导率有所下降,番茄幼苗根系和地上部分的镉含量分别上升了50.0%和93.4%,镉转运系数最低,为0.45。综上,喷施EBR能够增强番茄幼苗对镉胁迫的耐受性,促进幼苗生长,降低镉的转运系数,其中,EBR浓度为0.5 mg/L时效果最好。 相似文献
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在不同浓度(0、10%、20%、30%)聚乙二醇(PEG6000)的处理下,测定伞花木和油茶(对照树种)幼苗叶片相对含水量、细胞质膜相对透性(RMP)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等指标,比较它们的抗干旱能力。结果表明:①伞花木在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,相对含水量仍维持在较高水平,在重度干旱胁迫下相对含水量明显下降,而油茶的相对含水量在中度干旱胁迫下就明显下降;②随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,两种幼苗叶片SOD、POD活性均表现为先升后降的趋势,相比之下,伞花木在干旱胁迫下两种酶活性的增加幅度均大于油茶;③伞花木的细胞膜对干旱胁迫具有一定的耐受性,能忍受轻度和中度干旱胁迫;④伞花木在各个干旱胁迫程度下均能有效地积累脯氨酸,油茶只有在中度和重度胁迫下脯氨酸才有明显的累积。研究表明,调节酶保护系统活性和渗透调节物质含量是伞花木适应岩溶干旱环境的重要机制。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对紫苏生长及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确适于紫苏种植的水分灌溉条件,以紫苏实生苗为材料,正常供水为对照(CK),研究干旱胁迫(轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱)对紫苏生长及品质的影响。结果表明,轻度和中度干旱胁迫可显著提高紫苏叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率,并使其抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量维持在较高水平;重度干旱胁迫也显著提高了紫苏叶片MDA含量和相对电导率,但其抗氧化酶活性、Pro、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于CK,且随着胁迫处理时间的延长,叶片MDA含量和相对电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量则呈逐渐下降趋势。随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,紫苏地上部生物量显著下降;叶片中总挥发油含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。由此可见,干旱胁迫处理不利于紫苏的生长,但适当的干旱胁迫可促进紫苏叶片挥发油的合成,显著提高苏叶药材品质。本研究结果为紫苏规范化栽培提供了依据。 相似文献
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Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Zhu N Huang TC Yu Y LaVoie EJ Yang CS Ho CT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):979-981
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins. 相似文献
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W R Dantzer J Hopper K Mullin S Hendrich P A Murphy 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4291-4296
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form. 相似文献
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Roy A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5209-5210
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative. 相似文献
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The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability. 相似文献
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S. R. Verma J. P. S. Arora J. S. Shankar R. Chand 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):247-257
The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id0) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG 0 value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin. 相似文献
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