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费氏丙酸杆菌为革兰氏阳性菌,嗜常温、耐氧、呈多形态杆状,是以丙酸为发酵终产物的安全菌株。费氏丙酸杆菌通常被用作瑞士奶酪生产的发酵剂,使奶酪形成独特的风味和气孔,还能发酵产生维生素B12和丙酸等人和动物机体需要的物质,具有促进双歧杆菌生长和抗炎症等益生特性。作者介绍了费氏丙酸杆菌的安全性、独特代谢途径及生理特性的研究进展,详细阐述了其在奶酪中香气形成、对人类的益生特性及食品和饲料保护剂方面的应用,重点介绍了奶酪中香气形成机制,并从调节肠道菌群平衡、产生共轭亚油酸、益生代谢活性、免疫调节作用和幽门螺旋杆菌颉颃作用等方面综述了其益生特性,为充分利用费氏丙酸杆菌的生物多样性提供理论依据。 相似文献
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试验分析了微生物发酵菌剂的菌种配比、饲料发酵过程中添加水量和发酵温度对奶牛精饲料发酵效果的影响。确定了最佳的奶牛精饲料发酵工艺:菌种配比为细菌1.5mg/kg、酵母菌0.5mg/kg、嗜酸乳杆菌1.5mg/kg、费氏丙酸菌1.5mg/kg,最佳添加水量600～650ml/kg,最佳发酵温度20～25℃。奶牛精饲料发酵成熟后,粗蛋白含量由发酵前的14.69%提高到17.55%,增加了19.47%,pH值由7.0降低到3.8,产酸菌(嗜酸乳杆菌和费氏丙酸菌)数量由原料的5.1×102cfu/g提高到4.1×106cfu/g,饲料中挥发性脂肪酸含量达到23.25g/kg。 相似文献
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近10 年来，随着先进研究方法的使用和研究内容的不断深入，对益生菌的认识取得重大进展，尤其是对益生菌促进健康作用的机理逐渐清晰，益生菌制备技术和产业化技术更加成熟，为新型发酵乳的开发提供了坚实的发展基础。本文对益生菌功能机理、遗传转化及代谢调控的研究现状和发展进行阐述，介绍分离自内蒙古马乳酒中的干酪乳杆菌LC2W和分离自发酵蔬菜中的植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ的益生特性、基因组及产胞外多糖特性，并进一步探讨基于植物乳杆菌增殖技术开发含高活菌数的纯植物乳杆菌发酵乳品，以期为益生菌和功能发酵乳的应用开发提供理论依据。发酵乳品是益生菌的良好载体，吸收现代益生菌科技成果，加强循证医学方法论证，基于生物活性效应分子及生物活性评价，增加临床研究数据，新型发酵乳将为人类健康做出更多贡献。 相似文献
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分别以葡萄糖和玉米秸秆酶解液作为碳源,研究了利用玉米秸秆酶解液发酵生产丙酸的可行性。考察了秸秆酶解液糖浓度对丙酸发酵的影响,建立了丙酸和益生菌联产的补料分批发酵工艺,有效解决了高糖秸秆酶解液对丙酸发酵的抑制问题,提高了丙酸产量和菌体量。补料分批工艺:初始糖浓度为15 g/L,通过间歇补料维持葡萄糖浓度在15 g/L以下,用氨水调节pH为6.8~7.0,发酵周期130 h,丙酸产量可达19.97 g/L,丙酸产生速率为0.15 g/L.h,活菌数达到6.90×1012 cfu/mL。 相似文献
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Survival of spray‐dried and free‐cells of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 564 in soft goat cheese 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zorica Radulović Jelena Miočinović Nemanja Mirković Milica Mirković Dušanka Paunović Marina Ivanović Sanja Seratlić 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(11):1849-1854
A high viability of probiotics in food product, with a living cells threshold of 107/cfu/g (colony‐forming units/g) is a challenge to achieve in food production. Spray drying is an efficient and economic industrial method for probiotic bacterial preservation and its application in food products. In this study, the survival of free and spray‐dried cells of potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 564 after production and during 8 weeks of storage of soft acid coagulated goat cheese was investigated, as well as compositional and sensory quality of cheese. Total bacterial count of spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells were maintained at the high level of 8.82 log/cfu/g in cheese after 8 weeks of storage, while free‐cell number decreased to 6.9 log/cfu/g. However, the chemical composition, pH values and sensory evaluation between control cheese (C1 sample made with commercial starter culture) and treated cheese samples (C2 and C3, made with the same starter, with the addition of free and spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells, respectively) did not significantly differ. High viability of potential probiotic bacteria and acceptable sensory properties indicate that spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 strain could be successfully used in the production of soft acid coagulated goat cheeses. 相似文献
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Two experiments, each with a randomized complete block design, were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding live cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus plus Propionibacterium freudenreichii on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. British and British x Continental steers (240 steers in each experiment; 12 pens/treatment in each study; average initial BW = 370 +/- 6 kg) were fed a 92% concentrate diet based primarily on steam-flaked corn. Four treatments were evaluated, which included a control diet (lactose carrier only) or diets containing 1 x 10(9) cfu/(steer x d) of P. freudenreichii (strain NP 24) with 1 x 10(7) (L), 1 x 10(8) (M), or 1 x 10(9) (H) cfu of L. acidophilus strain NP 51/(steer x d). Data were pooled for the 2 experiments. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected among treatments for final BW, final BW based on HCW, or DMI during various stages of the feeding period or overall. Likewise, no differences among treatments were observed for either ADG or carcass-adjusted ADG (P > 0.10), except for the tendency for a quadratic effect of NP 51 dose for the overall feeding period (P = 0.10), in which cattle fed M had a lower ADG than those fed L and H. Gain efficiency on a live BW basis was improved (P = 0.02) by NP 51 treatments compared with the control, with G:F responding quadratically to NP 51 dose for the overall feeding period (P = 0.05). In contrast to G:F based on live BW, carcass-adjusted G:F tended (P = 0.14) to decrease linearly with increasing NP 51 dose because the dressing percent tended (P = 0.12) to be less for steers fed direct-fed microbial compared with control cattle. Within the direct-fed microbial treatments, there also was a tendency (P = 0.13) for a linear decrease in the dressing percent as the NP 51 dose increased. No differences were observed in other carcass characteristics (P > 0.10), except tendencies for a quadratic increase in marbling score (P = 0.11) and percentage of USDA Choice cattle (P = 0.10). These data indicate that live cultures of L. acidophilus strain NP 51 plus P. freudenreichii strain NP 24 increased G:F of feedlot cattle fed steam-flaked corn-based diets by approximately 2%, but the effects depended on the dose of Lactobacillus. 相似文献
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Kensuke ARAKAWA Yasushi KAWAI Kenji FUJITANI Junko NISHIMURA Haruki KITAZAWA Ken-ichi KOMINE Kenzo KAI Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(5):634-640
The use of bacteriocins from Lactobacillus gasseri , a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, as bio-preservatives in the food industry and animal formulations has been limited because few strains of Lb. gasseri are cultivated and produce a bacteriocin in natural media such as milk and milk-based media. By the determination of the growth-supplements to milk among the 47 nutrients, Lb. gasseri JCM1131T , LA39 and LA158 isolated from human feces were successfully cultured in reconstituted skim milk and cheese whey using proteose peptone as a nutrient supplement, where Lb. gasseri LA39 produced a useful bacteriocin, gassericin A, with effective growth-inhibiting activity against Gram-positive food-borne pathogens. The data suggest these developed low-cost safe media supporting enough production of bacteriocins by the probiotic Lb. gasseri LA39 could be used to improve the safe bio-preservation of foods and therapy of bovine mastitis, and extra cheese whey produced by cheese making industry is reused in the cultivation for probiotics effectively. 相似文献
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Hiromi Kimoto‐Nira 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(6):835-842
Lactic acid bacteria play an essential role in the food industry in the manufacture of many fermented products (cheese, yogurt, fermented vegetables, etc.). Application of these organisms is now being extended to the area of health improvement, as their probiotic activities become known. Probiotics are defined as viable microorganisms that exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host when they are ingested in sufficient quantity. Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from the human intestine are the most common probiotics used for human consumption. The development of new probiotics with new beneficial effects is eagerly awaited in the food industry. This review introduces Lactococcus, which are one of the genera of lactic acid bacteria and are mainly isolated from dairy products and fermented vegetables, as new probiotics, focusing especially on Lactococcus lactis H61, which improves skin status in Japanese women with oral intake of heat‐killed or live cells. The deduced mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of strain H61 are also discussed. 相似文献
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试验以完熟期的高油玉米秸秆为青贮原料,分别为对照组(无添加剂)、丙酸处理组(0.5%/kg鲜样)、丙酸菌处理组(105cfu/g鲜样)。在青贮的第1、3、6、9周开瓶取样检测丙酸和丙酸菌对青贮发酵质量的影响。结果表明:3种处理均得到优质青贮(低pH、高乳酸含量、未检测到丁酸)。活体外试验表明,丙酸处理青贮的72h累积产气量和总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量均显著高于丙酸菌处理和自然发酵青贮(对照组)。但是3种处理青贮的活体外消化率没有显著(P>0.05)差异。 相似文献
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本实验旨在分离筛选瘤胃源酵母,研究其对不同饲料底物的发酵特性。实验以山羊及奶牛瘤胃液为菌源,利用酵母选择性培养基,通过分离筛选、生长曲线测定和26S rDNA鉴定,获得1株生长速度较快的Meyerozyma属酵母菌株。在此基础上,采用体外发酵技术,分别以羊草与精料混合物、马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为底物,以奶牛瘤胃液为接种物,研究该酵母菌株对瘤胃微生物体外发酵参数的影响。结果表明,在以羊草和精料混合物为底物时,添加瘤胃源酵母显著降低了发酵液pH和乳酸浓度(P<0.001),显著提高了丙酸浓度和干物质消失率(P<0.05);以玉米淀粉为底物时,添加该酵母菌显著降低了发酵液pH和乳酸浓度(P<0.001);以马铃薯淀粉为底物时,显著降低了pH(P<0.05),提高了丙酸浓度(P<0.05);但在上述3种底物条件下,添加酵母菌对发酵液中总产气量、氨态氮、乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。采用Real-time PCR测定结果表明,添加该酵母菌可显著提高以羊草和马铃薯淀粉为底物时发酵液中总菌16S rDNA的挎贝数(P<0.05)。结果说明,本研究分离获取的瘤胃源酵母可提高瘤胃微生物对羊草精料混合物的降解能力,降低羊草精料混合物组和玉米淀粉组发酵液中乳酸浓度,提示该菌株可能具有提高日粮消化利用效率、促进丙酸生成和瘤胃细菌生长的作用。 相似文献
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几种商用益生芽孢杆菌特性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为比较几种商用益生芽孢的菌株特性，为芽孢杆菌的选育提供理论基础，本试验收集整理了15种药用（Y1~Y6）和饲用益生芽孢杆菌（S7~S15）产品，对其芽孢杆菌进行分离鉴定，分别从产淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶等酶活特性，抗菌活性，耐酸和耐0.3%胆盐稳定性，抗生素敏感性，耗氧及生长速率测试等方面对芽孢杆菌特性进行了比较研究。结果显示，分离的15株芽孢杆菌均能产蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶，但不同菌株产酶能力差异较大，S9菌株表现出较高的产蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶活力；所有分离的芽孢杆菌均能对金黄色葡萄球菌及藤黄微球菌产生显著抑制活性，但只有7株芽孢杆菌（Y2、Y6、S7、S9、S10、S11、S12）可对大肠杆菌产生抑制作用，尤其是S9菌株综合抗菌能力最强。S9、Y2和S8的营养体细胞具有较高的耐酸能力，S9、Y2菌株在0.3%胆盐环境中存活率超过90%。15株芽孢杆菌中有3株饲用来源菌株（S10、S12、S13）表现出对红霉素的耐受，S10菌株对四环素耐受。此外，S9菌株具有较快的耗氧速率和生长速率。上述结果表明，S9菌株（解淀粉芽孢杆菌）的益生特性更为优良，本试验结果可为芽孢杆菌益生菌的选育及活性评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
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I Styriak V Demecková R Nemcová 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,112(8):301-304
Four gut Lactobacillus strains displaying the features which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products were investigated together with 5 fresh isolates and one collection strain of Lactobacillus plantarum for their ability to bind type I collagen (Cn-I). Immobilised Cn-I in microtitre plates was bound only by 3 strains of gut lactobacilli from piglets and the collection strain Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 from Prague in range of A570nm readings 0.114-0.221. Six strains (isolates from turkeys and a calf) did not bind Cn-I (A570nm < 0.1) in this assay. An influence of cultivation medium on Cn-I binding was significant (P < 0.001) in all four adherent strains. Significantly higher (P < 0.001) binding of Cn-I was observed for Lactobacillus casei L 81 and Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 grown on solid medium (MRS agar) than for MRS broth-grown cells, however, Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 and Lactobacillus fermentum L 435 expressed significantly (P < 0.001) higher Cn-I binding during cultivation in MRS broth. The specificity of the binding was confirmed because the Cn-I binding by lactobacilli after their preincubation with this protein was completely abolished. Three selected inhibitors (fucoidan, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced Cn-I binding by the Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 strain. Following up on some earlier strain characteristics, these results suggest that the selected piglets lactobacilli are also able to bind Cn-I and therefore should antagonize collagen niche colonization by various enteropathogens when used for probiotic purposes. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
Four delivery routes, via, feed, water, litter and oral gavage, were examined for their efficacy in delivering a novel probiotic of poultry origin, Lactobacillus johnsonii, to broilers. Seven treatments of 6 replicates each were allocated using 336 one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with the probiotic candidate, L. johnsonii, added to the feed, and three treatments with L. johnsonii added to the drinking water, sprayed on the litter, or gavaged orally. In addition, a positive control treatment received the basal diet supplemented with zinc-bacitracin(Zn B, 50 mg/kg). The probiotic strain of L.johnsonii was detected in the ileum of the chicks for all four delivery routes. However, the addition of L.johnsonii as a probiotic candidate did not improve body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens raised on litter during the 5-week experimental period regardless of the route of administration. The probiotic treatments, regardless of the routes of delivery, affected(P 0.05) the pH of the caecal digesta and tended(P = 0.06) to affect the p H of the ileal digesta on d 7, but the effect disappeared as the birds grew older. All probiotic treatments reduced the number of Enterobacteria in the caeca on d 21, and tended(P 0.054) to reduce it in the ileum and caeca on d 7 and in the ileum on d 21 compared with the controls. The probiotic also tended to increase the number of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli in the ileum and caeca on d 7, but this trend was not evident on d 21. The trend appeared most pronounced when the probiotic was delivered orally or via litter. The probiotic also decreased(P 0.05) the population of Clostridium perfringens rapidly from an early age to d 21 in the caeca, leading to a3-fold decrease in the number of C. perfringens between d 7 and 21. It also showed that the probiotic treatment presented the lowest number of C. perfringens in the caeca. Delivery of the probiotic through feed, water and litter increased(P 0.01) the weight of the pancreas on d 21, but the probiotic did not affect other morphometric parameters of the gut. Furthermore, the probiotic did not affect the p H and the concentrations of short chain fatty acids and lactic acid in either the ileum or caeca. 相似文献