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1.
不同物候期牧草对放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本试验旨在研究不同物候期天然牧草中所含的营养成分对放牧绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响。分别在牧草生长的不同时期(绿草期、盛草期和枯草期)选择不同的样方测定其混合牧草的营养成分,同时段选择6只放牧绵羊测定其瘤胃pH,氨态氮(NH_3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果显示:(1)牧草中粗蛋白质(CP)含量在绿草期含量最高(13.95%),显著高于其他阶段(P0.05),而枯草期最低,为5.14%;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)随着牧草的生长不断增加,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在绿草期含量最少。(2)瘤胃内环境参数随着不同物候期牧草中营养成分的变化而变化,瘤胃pH在盛草期显著低于其他阶段(P0.05),NH_3-N含量在枯草期显著低于其他两个阶段(P0.05),VFA含量在枯草期最低,盛草期显著高于绿草期(P0.05)。综上所述,放牧绵羊在枯草期由于摄入的CP含量减少,NDF增加,导致消化率降低,不能满足放牧绵羊的营养需要,故在枯草期到绿草期这一阶段应对其进行合理补饲,调控瘤胃发酵,以改善瘤胃内环境,提高其对营养物质的吸收。 相似文献
2.
《动物营养学报》2020,(3)
本试验旨在研究不同物候期牧草对藏系绵羊血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物功能菌群的影响。分别于高寒草甸返青期、青草期和枯草期采集牧草样品,测定常规营养成分含量。选取体重为(34.08±2.94) kg的10只4岁全年放牧的藏系母绵羊,用耳标进行标记,分别于返青期、青草期和枯草期清晨放牧前空腹进行颈静脉采血及瘤胃液采集,用于分析血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物功能菌群。结果表明:1)青草期牧草粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著高于返青期和枯草期(P0.05),而枯草期牧草酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他2个时期(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于返青期(P0.05)。2)血清中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和生长激素含量随物候期推移无显著变化(P0.05)。枯草期血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于返青期和青草期(P0.05)。3)藏系绵羊瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸、戊酸含量及丙酸比例均在青草期最高,乙酸比例在枯草期最高,乙酸/丙酸在枯草期显著高于返青期和青草期(P0.05)。4)宏基因组测序结果表明,放牧藏系绵羊瘤胃微生物相对丰度最高的是细菌,约占总微生物含量的70%,其次是真菌(20%),剩余是未注释到的微生物(10%)。其中,瘤胃液中主要纤维素分解菌为栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌,其相对丰度均在枯草期显著高于返青期和青草期(P0.05),淀粉分解菌、反刍兽新月单胞杆菌的相对丰度在青草期显著高于其他物候期(P0.05)。由此得出,不同物候期牧草营养成分含量变化引起藏系绵羊血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数、瘤胃微生物功能菌群的变化;冷季(返青期和枯草期)因血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖及瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量低,导致藏系绵羊潜在的抵御疾病能力弱,可利用能量源少,因此在返青期和枯草期应对放牧藏系绵羊进行合理补饲提高藏系绵羊生长性能。 相似文献
3.
为研究牧草物候期对其脂肪酸组成和放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量的影响及其相关关系,本研究在甘肃省甘南牧区选取平均体重为（234.9±10.5） kg的10头带犊甘南牦牛作为研究对象（自然放牧）,分别于牧草返青期、盛草期、枯草期采集试验牦牛采食牧草、乳和瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成,并分析其相关关系,以期探明牧草物候期对牦牛瘤胃液和牧草中脂肪酸组成与放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸含量的影响及其变化规律。结果表明：物候期显著影响了牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸（P<0.05）,盛草期牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量/总脂肪酸均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量（P<0.05）,盛草期放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛瘤胃pH值、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量（P<0.05）,盛草期牦牛瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期（P<0.05）;牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、单宁酸、总脂肪酸和瘤胃液pH值与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著正相关（P<0.05）,粗纤维和粗灰分与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著负相关（P<0.05）,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和瘤胃总挥发酸（TVFA）与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）。 相似文献
4.
不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验在测定不同物候期牧草营养价值的基础上,研究不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响。分别于返青期、青草期和枯草期采集牧草样品,测定牧草常规营养成分含量。选取平均体重为(108.06±2.86) kg的10只3岁全年放牧的健康青藏高原牦牛(公母各5只)进行序号标记,分别在返青期、青草期和枯草期清晨放牧前空腹经口腔采集瘤胃液,用于分析瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性。结果显示:牧草中粗蛋白质含量在青草期显著高于返青期和枯草期(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量在枯草期高于青草期和返青期(P0.05)。瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量均在青草期最高;瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸含量在枯草期显著低于青草期和返青期(P0.05)。不同物候期牧草对瘤胃微生物多样性有影响,青草期瘤胃微生物多样性及丰富度最低。拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella_1)的相对丰度在3个物候期均较高;青草期厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于返青期和枯草期(P0.05);在种水平上,瘤胃微生物以纤维素降解菌为主。由此得出,不同物候期牧草常规营养成分含量存在差异,不同物候期牧草常规营养成分含量的变化引起了牦牛瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性的变化;青草期瘤胃液氨态氮及总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高,在枯草期瘤胃液总挥发性性脂肪酸含量下降,能量源减少,因此在枯草期应对放牧牦牛进行补饲才能保证牦牛生长。 相似文献
5.
不同季节高寒草甸牧草瘤胃发酵特性和体外消化率分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在探讨不同生育时期高寒草甸牧草的牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及CH4产量。通过测定返青期、青草期和枯草期3个生育时期牧草的营养品质、瘤胃发酵参数和CH4产量。结果表明：青草期牧草总能（Gross energy，GE）、粗蛋白（Crude protein，CP）和粗脂肪（Ether extract，EE）等均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）；青草期牧草在各发酵时间点的体外干物质消化率（Dry matter digestibility，DMD）、粗蛋白消化率（Crude protein digestibility，CPD）和有机物质消化率（Organic matter digestibility，OMD）均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）；青草期牧草12，24和48 h瘤胃NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和异戊酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期（P<0.05）；不同发酵时间牧草总产气量和CH4产量变化规律为：返青期>青草期>枯草期。综上所述，青草期草地生物量最高，牧草营养品质和体外消化率最高，CH4排放最低，瘤胃发酵模式最优。建议选择青草期牧草放牧。 相似文献
6.
为揭示青藏高原高寒草甸全年放牧藏系绵羊牧草表观物质消化率和血清生化指标在不同牧草物候期下的变化特征,试验分别在牧草返青期(5月2日)、青草期(7月12日)和枯草期(12月7日)对藏系绵羊(n=10)牧草干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率进行测定,然后通过对血清生化指标的检测,探究藏系绵羊血清中心肌酶、能量及脂代谢、部分激素、钙磷代谢、肾功能及免疫功能指标的物候期变化规律。结果表明：青草期藏系绵羊牧草DM、CP和ADF的消化率显著高于返青期和枯草期(P<0.05);心肌酶活性方面,藏系绵羊血清中肌酸激酶活性(CK)在枯草期显著低于其他两个物候期(P<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶活性(LDH)随物候期推移表现出青草期>返青期>枯草期(P<0.05);能量及脂代谢方面,葡萄糖(GLU)含量随物候期推移表现出青草期>返青期>枯草期(P<0.05),胆固醇(TC)含量在青草期显著高于其他物候期(P<0.05);激素方面,生长激素胰岛素生长因子IGF-1、IGF-2和胃泌素的含量在青草期显著高于返青... 相似文献
7.
为研究新疆伊犁河谷不同草地类型天然放牧草场营养成分，确定不同草地类型放牧家畜的补饲量，试验采集了新疆伊犁河谷不同海拔、不同草地类型、不同区域草地上的混合牧草，同一草地类型山地草甸7种不同牧草，以及不同海拔同一种牧草伊犁绢蒿进行营养价值评定。结果显示：（1）不同草地类型牧草营养成分差异较大，山地草甸草原以上的牧草中粗蛋白质（CP）含量占干物10%以上，牧草酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量随着海拔的升高而降低，总体表现为随着海拔升高，天然牧草的营养价值和饲用价值也升高|（2）同一草地类型（山地草甸）上4个科7种牧草的化学成分差异较大，豆科牧草的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗灰分（Ash）、钙（Ca）含量没有显著差异（P > 0.05），但中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、ADF、粗脂肪（EE）及磷（P）含量有极显著差异（P < 0.01）|禾本科牧草DM、CP差异不显著，其他化学成分都差异明显|（3）昭苏县、特克斯县、尼勒克县的天然牧草CP要显著高于巩留县和察布查尔县（P < 0.01），且Ash、Ca、P含量较高，粗纤维含量较低。无论营养价值还是适口性，都表现为较高海拔地区的牧草饲用价值较高|（4）同一气候期高海拔生长的伊犁绢蒿，其CP和P含量高，粗纤维、EE含量低。结果表明，随着海拔升高，新疆伊犁河谷不同草地类型天然牧草的营养价值和饲用价值也有所提升，尤其是夏季放牧高寒草甸在CP含量上显著高于其他草地类型，而纤维含量显著下降|在同一草地类型上红三叶、黄花苜蓿等豆科牧草营养价值要高于其他典型草种类|特有牧草伊犁绢蒿随海拔升高营养价值有所提升。
[关键词] 新疆伊犁河谷|山地草地|天然牧草|营养成分 相似文献
8.
[目的]对内蒙古四子王旗荒漠草原土壤—牧草—放牧绵羊生态系统中的微量元素含量进行分析,研究不同季节放牧绵羊体内矿物质元素的盈亏状况,评定矿物质元素营养限制因子。[方法]选取6只体况良好的体重为（39.65±2.25）kg的放牧蒙古羊母羊作为试验羊,测定该地区牧草嫩草期（6月）、生长期（9月）和枯草期（11月）放牧绵羊的体重、采食量、排粪量和排尿量;检测牧草3个生长时期草原土壤、牧草以及放牧绵羊血清中的7种矿物质元素（铁、铜、锰、锌、硒、钼、钴）含量;借助采食量模型预测放牧绵羊在牧草不同生长时期的矿物质元素摄入量;利用代谢试验测定从粪、尿中排出的矿物质元素含量,计算放牧绵羊体内矿物质元素沉积量。[结果]放牧绵羊的体重和采食量在牧草3个生长时期之间差异均极显著（P<0.01）,枯草期排粪量极显著（P<0.01）高于嫩草期和生长期。草原土壤、牧草及绵羊血清中的铁元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,铁元素含量均不存在缺乏情况。枯草期牧草的铜元素含量极显著（P<0.01）低于嫩草期和生长期,枯草期绵羊体内沉积的铜元素含量极显著（P<0.01）低于生长期,并出现了负沉积。草原土壤、牧草以及绵羊采食和体内沉积的锰、钼元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间存在极显著（P<0.01）差异,但两种元素不存在缺乏情况。嫩草期绵羊血清中的锌元素含量显著（P<0.05）高于生长期和枯草期;草原土壤、牧草、绵羊体内沉积的锌元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间虽无显著（P>0.05）差异,但存在缺锌的情况。草原土壤中的硒元素含量在牧草生长期最高,极显著（P<0.01）高于嫩草期和枯草期,嫩草期和生长期牧草中的硒元素含量低于正常水平下限,而枯草期牧草中未检测到硒元素;绵羊血清中硒元素的含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但均处于正常水平的下限。草原土壤中的钴元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但均低于标准值;枯草期和嫩草期绵羊体内沉积的钴元素含量极显著（P<0.01）低于生长期。[结论]建议在该地区全年以适当形式为放牧绵羊补锌和硒元素,冬季或春季可适当补饲含铜和钴的微量元素制剂。 相似文献
9.
《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,(4)
[目的]对内蒙古四子王旗荒漠草原土壤—牧草—放牧绵羊生态系统中的微量元素含量进行分析,研究不同季节放牧绵羊体内矿物质元素的盈亏状况,评定矿物质元素营养限制因子。[方法]选取6只体况良好的体重为(39.65±2.25)kg的放牧蒙古羊母羊作为试验羊,测定该地区牧草嫩草期(6月)、生长期(9月)和枯草期(11月)放牧绵羊的体重、采食量、排粪量和排尿量;检测牧草3个生长时期草原土壤、牧草以及放牧绵羊血清中的7种矿物质元素(铁、铜、锰、锌、硒、钼、钴)含量;借助采食量模型预测放牧绵羊在牧草不同生长时期的矿物质元素摄入量;利用代谢试验测定从粪、尿中排出的矿物质元素含量,计算放牧绵羊体内矿物质元素沉积量。[结果]放牧绵羊的体重和采食量在牧草3个生长时期之间差异均极显著(P0.01),枯草期排粪量极显著(P0.01)高于嫩草期和生长期。草原土壤、牧草及绵羊血清中的铁元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异均不显著(P0.05),铁元素含量均不存在缺乏情况。枯草期牧草的铜元素含量极显著(P0.01)低于嫩草期和生长期,枯草期绵羊体内沉积的铜元素含量极显著(P0.01)低于生长期,并出现了负沉积。草原土壤、牧草以及绵羊采食和体内沉积的锰、钼元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间存在极显著(P0.01)差异,但两种元素不存在缺乏情况。嫩草期绵羊血清中的锌元素含量显著(P0.05)高于生长期和枯草期;草原土壤、牧草、绵羊体内沉积的锌元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间虽无显著(P0.05)差异,但存在缺锌的情况。草原土壤中的硒元素含量在牧草生长期最高,极显著(P0.01)高于嫩草期和枯草期,嫩草期和生长期牧草中的硒元素含量低于正常水平下限,而枯草期牧草中未检测到硒元素;绵羊血清中硒元素的含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异不显著(P0.05),但均处于正常水平的下限。草原土壤中的钴元素含量在牧草不同生长时期之间差异不显著(P0.05),但均低于标准值;枯草期和嫩草期绵羊体内沉积的钴元素含量极显著(P0.01)低于生长期。[结论]建议在该地区全年以适当形式为放牧绵羊补锌和硒元素,冬季或春季可适当补饲含铜和钴的微量元素制剂。 相似文献
10.
为了研究放牧强度对祁连山高寒草甸优势牧草营养价值的影响,本研究以10年围封、轻度、中度和重度放牧处理下的高寒草甸作为研究对象,研究放牧强度对4个优势种牧草营养价值年际、月际变化和种的影响。结果表明：放牧显著增加了矮生嵩草（Kobresia humilis Sergiev）的粗蛋白（CP）和锦鸡儿（Caragana sinica Rehder）的干物质消化率（DMD）,显著降低了锦鸡儿的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）（P<0.05）;4种优势牧草CP和DMD表现出明显的年际和月际变化规律,即多雨年份CP和DMD显著高于干旱年份（P<0.05）,6月份牧草返青季CP和DMD含量显著高于9月份牧草枯黄季（P<0.05）,而NDF含量变化趋势则与之相反;4种优势牧草CP、DMD和NDF受到放牧强度、年际变化、月际变化和种的相互影响。因此,建议对围封高寒草甸进行放牧,并在干旱年份和牧草生长季末家畜转场或补饲,实现祁连山草地畜牧业的可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
Six rumen-fistulated Merino sheep were used in a crossover design experiment to evaluate the effects of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme preparation (12 g/d; ENZ), delivered directly into the rumen, on diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. The enzyme contained endoglucanase and xylanase activities. Sheep were fed a mixed grass hay:concentrate (70:30; DM basis) diet at a daily rate of 46.1 g/kg of BW(0.75). Samples of grass hay were incubated in situ in the rumen of each sheep to measure DM and NDF degradation. The supplementation with ENZ did not affect diet digestibility (P = 0.30 to 0.66), urinary excretion of purine derivatives (P = 0.34), ruminal pH (P = 0.46), or concentrations of NH(3)-N (P = 0.69) and total VFA (P = 0.97). In contrast, molar proportion of propionate were greater (P = 0.001) and acetate:propionate ratio was lower (P < 0.001) in ENZ-supplemented sheep. In addition, ENZ supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.06) numbers of cellulolytic bacteria at 4 h after feeding. Both the ruminally insoluble potentially degradable fraction of grass hay DM and its fractional rate of degradation were increased (P = 0.002 and 0.05, respectively) by ENZ treatment. Supplementation with ENZ also increased (P = 0.01 to 0.02) effective and potential degradability of grass hay DM and NDF. Ruminal fluid endoglucanase and xylanase activities were greater (P < 0.001 and 0.03, respectively) in ENZ-supplemented sheep than in control animals. It was found that ENZ supplementation did not affect either exoglucanase (P = 0.12) or amylase (P = 0.83) activity. The results indicate that supplementing ENZ directly into the rumen increased the fibrolytic activity and stimulated the growth of cellulolytic bacteria without a prefeeding feed-enzyme interaction. 相似文献
12.
Abreu A Carulla JE Lascano CE Díaz TE Kreuzer M Hess HD 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(5):1392-1400
Six adult African-type hair sheep (BW = 40.3 +/- 6.3 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were subjected to four treatments. Sheep were offered basal diets at a rate of 80 g of DM/kg of metabolic BW (equivalent to ad libitum access) consisting either of a low-quality grass hay (Brachiaria dictyoneura, 3.7% CP, DM basis) alone or in combination with a forage legume (Cratylia argentea, 18.6% CP, DM basis) in a 3:1 ratio (DM basis). In addition, 0 or 8 g of DM of Sapindus saponaria fruits (12.0% crude saponins, DM basis) per kilogram of metabolic BW was administered intraruminally. Supplementation of C. argentea increased intakes of OM (+21%; P < 0.01) and CP (+130%; P < 0.001), as well as ruminal fluid ammonia N concentrations (from 2.40 to 8.43 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Apparent OM and N digestibilities were not affected by legume addition, but ADF digestibility decreased by 10% (P < 0.01). Total ruminal VFA concentration was unchanged, but acetate:propionate was lower (P < 0.01) and isobutyrate proportion was greater (P < 0.001) with the legume addition. Legume supplementation increased duodenal flows of total N (+56%; P < 0.001), nonammonia N (+52%; P < 0.001), ruminal escape N (+80%; P < 0.001), and microbial N (+28%; P < 0.05). Microbial efficiency was not affected by legume addition. Supplementation of S. saponaria increased (P < 0.05) dietary OM intake by 14%, but had no effect on CP intake and ruminal fluid ammonia concentration or on OM and N digestion. Digestibility of ADF was decreased (P < 0.01) by 10% with S. saponaria as was acetate:propionate (P < 0.001) and the isobutyrate proportion (P < 0.001). Ruminal protozoa counts increased (P < 0.01) by 67% with S. saponaria. Duodenal N flows were not significantly affected by S. saponaria supplementation, except for microbial N flow (+34%; P < 0.01). Microbial efficiency was greater (P < 0.05) by 63% with the addition of S. saponaria. Few interactions between legume and S. saponaria supplementation were observed. The NDF digestibility was decreased with S. saponaria in the grass-alone diet, but not in the legume-supplemented diet (interaction; P < 0.05). Interactions were absent in ruminal fermentation measures and duodenal N flow, indicating that effects were additive. Results suggest that, even when not decreasing ruminal protozoa count, supplementation of S. saponaria fruits is a beneficial way to improve ruminal VFA profile, microbial efficiency, and duodenal flow of microbial protein in sheep fed tropical grass-alone or grass-legume diets. 相似文献
13.
发酵玉米蛋白粉对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本试验旨在研究全混合日粮（TMR）中添加发酵玉米蛋白粉（fermented corn gluten meal,FCGM）对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响。选用3头体重（600±25）kg,安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,发酵底物为TMR,分为对照组和3个试验组,各组分别在发酵液中添加0、0.3、0.6、0.9 g/L FCGM（干物质基础）,每个处理3个重复。记录体外发酵12、24、36和48 h产气量,测定体外发酵12、24和48 h发酵液pH、体外干物质消失率（IVDMD）、纤维素酶活性、氨态氮（NH3-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和菌体蛋白浓度,并测定体外发酵24 h发酵液中瘤胃微生物菌群相对丰度。结果显示：①添加不同水平FCGM组的体外产气量（除12 h外）、慢速产气部分、潜在产气部分和有效产气速率均显著或极显著高于对照组（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）;②与对照组相比,添加不同水平FCGM处理组的发酵液pH显著或极显著低于对照组,纤维素酶活性、菌体蛋白、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮含量和体外干物质消失率均显著或极显著升高（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最高。③添加0.6和0.9 g/L FCGM组发酵液中白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、牛链球菌、普雷沃氏菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）,且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最高,而产甲烷菌相对丰度显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）,且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最低。综上所述,TMR中添加FCGM可提高体外发酵产气量,增加发酵液内纤维素酶活性、VFA、NH3-N及菌体蛋白含量,提高瘤胃内某些纤维降解菌、蛋白降解菌、淀粉降解菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度,降低产甲烷菌相对丰度,调节瘤胃微生物菌群结构,改善瘤胃发酵,其中以添加0.9 g/L FCGM为宜。 相似文献
14.
Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of alfalfa and rye-grass hay fed to lambs 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Pinos-Rodríguez JM González SS Mendoza GD Bárcena R Cobos MA Hernández A Ortega ME 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(11):3016-3020
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of a directly fed exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on intake and digestion of DM, OM, protein, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose of alfalfa and ryegrass hay by sheep. Four diets were randomly assigned to four ruminally cannulated lambs using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, repeated in time, with a factorial arrangement (2 x 2) of diets: 1) alfalfa hay; 2) alfalfa hay + exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (enzyme); 3) ryegrass hay; and 4) ryegrass hay + enzyme. Lambs consumed more DM and OM from alfalfa than from ryegrass hay (P < 0.001). The ADF intake was not different between the hays, but NDF intake was lower for alfalfa (P < 0.001). For both hays, the enzyme increased intake of DM (P < 0.01), as well as OM and CP (P < 0.05); however, NDF and ADF intake were not changed. Alfalfa hay had higher apparent digestibility of DM, OM, and CP (P < 0.001), but lower digestibility for NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose. The enzyme increased apparent digestibility of CP, hemicellulose (P < 0.05), and NDF (P < 0.10) for alfalfa. Also, for both hays, the enzyme improved N balance because lambs retained more N (P < 0.05). The enzyme increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration (3 and 6 h) for both hays. Results from this trial indicate that directly fed exogenous fibrolytic enzymes may change ruminal fermentation, intake, and digestibility of forages with different nutritive value. 相似文献
15.
The feeding value of Phyllanthus discoideus (also called Margaritaria discoidea) leaves was evaluated using eight two-year-old West African Dwarf sheep fed natural grass hay. Four of the animals were fistulated ruminally and used for ammonia and volatile fatty acid determination in the fluid. Dried leaves of Phyllanthus discoideus were offered at two levels (25% and 50% of DMI, diets D25% and D50%, respectively) as supplements to the basal hay diet. The CP content of the control, D25% and D50% diets were 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6%, respectively, and their digestible energy amounted to 58.2, 61.1 and 56.9%, respectively. Rumen liquor was sampled one hour before and one, three and five hours after the morning feeding. Sheep fed the control diet had a higher ruminal ammonia concentration than those fed diet D25%. Similarly, ruminal ammonia concentration was higher in sheep fed the control diet than those fed the diet D50%. Five hours after feeding the ruminal ammonia concentration was significantly lower than one hour after feeding. The VFA concentrations in rumen fluid of sheep fed the control diet was inferior to those fed diets D25% and D50%. Sheep fed diet D50% showed significantly higher VFA concentrations than those fed diet D25%. Digestibility of organic matter and digestible energy did not show any significant difference. However, a marginal increase in organic matter digestibility of 3.5% was observed in diet D25% compared with the control diet. There was no significant difference in the N-digestibility in sheep fed the control, D25% and D50% diets. Nevertheless, a marginal improvement in N-digestibility (1.5%) and N-retention (2.7%) was observed with the highest level of Phyllanthus discoideus (D50%). In conclusion, Phyllanthus discoideus appears as a particularly valuable feedstuff because it contains low levels of condensed tannins (12.8 g/kg), high CP content (156 g/kg) and a relatively high GE content (19.3 kJ/g DM). Although the improvement in N-digestibility and N-retention were only marginal the feeding of Phyllanthus discoideus could be justified under extreme shortage of feed resources during dry season. It should also be mentioned that a much more pronounced effect by supplementation with Phyllanthus discoideus could be expected when poor quality grass hay prevalent in West Africa during the dry season is fed. Phyllanthus discoideus could serve as a supplement to poor quality grass at 25% to 50% of supplementation. 相似文献
16.
M B Judkins L J Krysl R K Barton D W Holcombe S A Gunter J T Broesder 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(9):3789-3797
Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average BW 303 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design digestion trial to study the influence of daily cottonseed meal (CSM; 1.6 g of CP/kg of BW) supplementation time on forage intake and ruminal fluid kinetics and fermentation. Steers were housed individually in tie stalls and were fed chopped fescue hay on an ad libitum basis at 0600 and 1400. Treatments were 1) control, grass hay only (CON) and grass hay and CSM fed once daily at 2) 0600 (EAM) 3) 1000 (MAM), or 4) 1400 (PM). Ruminal NH3 N concentrations reflected a time of supplementation x sampling time interaction (P less than .05); CON steers had the lowest (P less than .05) ruminal NH3 N concentrations at all times other than at 0600, 1000, 1200, and 2400, when they did not differ (P greater than .05) from at least one of the supplemented groups. Forage intake, ratio of bacterial purine:N, rate of DM and NDF disappearance, and ruminal fluid kinetics were not influenced (P greater than .05) by supplementation time. Total ruminal VFA differed (P less than .05) between CON and supplemented steers, as well as among supplemented steers (linear and quadratic effects P less than .05). Acetate, propionate, and valerate proportions were influenced (P less than .05) by a sampling time X supplementation time interaction. Under the conditions of this study, greater peak ammonia concentrations with morning supplementation than with afternoon supplementation did not stimulate ruminal fermentation or rate of NDF disappearance. 相似文献
17.
Cantalapiedra-Hijar G Yáñez-Ruiz DR Martín-García AI Molina-Alcaide E 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):622-631
The effects of forage type and forage:concentrate ratio (F:C) on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth were investigated in goats. A comparison between liquid (LAB) and solid (SAB)-associated bacteria to estimate microbial N flow (MNF) from urinary purine derivative excretion was also examined. Treatments were a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of forage type (grass hay vs. alfalfa hay) and high vs. low F:C (70:30 and 30:70, respectively). Four ruminally cannulated goats were fed, at maintenance intake, 4 experimental diets according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. High-concentrate diets resulted in greater (P < 0.001) nutrient digestibility except for ADF. However, CP digestibility increased (P < 0.001) only for the high-concentrate diets including grass hay. Likewise, N retention, ruminal NH(3)-N concentration, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives increased (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrate in animals fed diets based on grass hay (0.23 vs. 0.13 g of retained N/g of digested N, 30.1 vs. 12.9 mg of NH(3)-N/100 mL, and 11.5 vs. 8.40 mmol/d, respectively), but not (P > 0.05) when diets included alfalfa hay. Total protozoa numbers and holotricha proportion were greater and less (P < 0.001), respectively, in high- than in low-concentrate diets. The F:C affected (P < 0.001) ruminal pH but not total VFA concentration (P = 0.12). Ammonia-N concentration was similar (P = 0.13) over time, whereas pH, VFA concentration, and protozoa numbers differed (P < 0.001) among diets. Estimated MNF was strongly influenced by using either the purine bases:N ratio obtained in our experimental conditions or values reported in the literature for small ruminants. There was a F:C effect (P = 0.006) on MNF estimated from LAB but not from SAB. The effect of F:C shifting from 70:30 to 30:70 in goat diets depends on the type of forage used. The MNF measured in goats fed different diets was influenced by the bacterial pellet (LAB or SAB). In addition, the purine bases:N ratio values found were different from those reported in the literature, which underlines the need for these variables to be analyzed directly in pellets isolated from specific animals and experimental conditions. 相似文献
18.
以安装永久性瘘管的本地绵羊15只为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对不同生育期白羊草的绵羊瘤胃降解特性及其对瘤胃内环境的影响进行研究。结果表明:干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)的有效降解率均在拔节期为最高,且拔节期DM的有效降解率显著高于其他3个生育期(P0.05)。DM的有效降解率随着生育期的推进不断降低,而CP的有效降解率无一定变化规律;加入不同生育期白羊草后,瘤胃液铵态氮浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和异丁酸浓度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并在4h时达到峰值,且4h时,拔节期的铵态氮浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸浓度显著高于开花期(P0.05),其中以拔节期白羊草的增加幅度最大,开花期的最低,表明拔节期白羊草具有较高的瘤胃降解特性,最利于瘤胃发酵,由此可见,添加装有不同生育期白羊草的尼龙袋后均会对绵羊的瘤胃内环境产生影响,其原因主要与不同生育期白羊草的蛋白质含量和结构有关。 相似文献
19.
日粮中不同水平单宁对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(11):24-26
旨在探讨日粮中来源于柠条的缩合单宁对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选择体重为40 kg左右的健康杜蒙绵羊羯羊15只,按体重相近的原则随机分为3组：对照组（n=5）,饲粮中不含单宁;试验Ⅰ组（n=5）和试验Ⅱ组（n=5）,饲粮中分别含2%和4%单宁。分别于试验期晨饲前（0 h）和晨饲后3、6、9 h采集各组绵羊瘤胃液,测定和比较各组绵羊瘤胃内环境指标,包括pH值、氨氮（NH3-N）浓度、菌体蛋白（BCP）浓度。结果表明,饲喂含有2%（试验Ⅰ组）和4%（试验Ⅱ组）单宁的日粮对杜蒙绵羊的瘤胃pH值无显著影响（P>0.05）;饲喂含有2%（试验Ⅰ组）和4%（试验Ⅱ组）单宁的日粮3 h和6 h后,绵羊瘤胃NH3-N浓度显著（P<0.05）降低;饲喂含有2%（试验Ⅰ组）和4%（试验Ⅱ组）单宁的日粮6 h和9 h后,绵羊瘤胃BCP浓度显著（P<0.05）提高。日粮中添加2%和4%来源于柠条的单宁,对绵羊瘤胃pH值无影响,可降低瘤胃NH3-N浓度,提高瘤胃BCP浓度。 相似文献