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鲁麦20系在CO_2激光与快中子复合处理70-4-92-1小麦干种子育成早熟系321E的基础上,又经~(60)钴γ射线辐照花粉诱变选育而成的一个特早熟矮秆品种(原代号为883004)。1992年8月经山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种属春化反应迟钝型,具有弱冬性和春性品种双重特点,可秋播及春播;晚播早熟,生育期短。晚秋播种生育期为215～225天,春播生育期为100～110天;抗病性及抗 相似文献
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用普通小麦的春型强春性、春型春性、春型弱春性、过渡型4个品种生态型在我国纬度和海拔各不相同的10个试验点进行多年度同日春播试验；还用过渡型、冬型弱冬性、冬型冬性、冬型强冬性、冬型超强冬性5个品种生态型在纬度和海拔各不相同并且有小麦越冬期的10—12个试验点进行同日秋播试验。包括各个品种生态型在内的普通小麦，其播种至成熟的生育期天数与纬度和海拔皆呈正相关。在春播条件下。海拔不变时，纬度北移1度，生育期延长3—4天；纬度不变时，海拔每升高100米，生育期延长2—3天。在秋播条件下，海拔不变时，纬度北移1度，过渡型和冬型超强冬性品种生态型生育期延长2天左右；纬度不变时，海拔每升高100米，生育期也延长2天左右。无论春播或秋播，各型小麦品种的生育期皆与“生态高度”呈极显著正相关。生态高度每增加10000度米，生育期延长4—5天。试验研究有助于最终揭示普通小麦生育期的地理变化律。 相似文献
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西藏春青稞种质资源的特色及利用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从西藏各地征集的300余份食用栽培春青稞种质资源,从形态特征、农艺性状、抗锈性和籽粒粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖含量、维生素E等特征特性鉴定、评价。分析结果认为：（1）西藏春青稞多样性极为丰富,如芒、稃和籽粒颜色,具有变异最为丰富,多样性最高的特点;（2）具有早熟、大穗、多粒、棱型多,以及抗锈性强等和耐各种不良环境因素的优良遗传性状;（3）具有密穗、稀穗、裸粒、钩芒、矮生、抗锈等可利用基因潜力巨大等特色;（4）籽粒粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、维生素E等成份因各地区环境条件不同差异较大。笔者主要对西藏春青稞种质资源中优异种质进行评述,筛选出一批具有一种或一种以上的优良性状的遗传资源,并提供可利用的优良种质,为青稞育种及基因资源的研究提供依据。 相似文献
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高粱耐冷种质的鉴定及利用评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了满足高粱育种对耐冷基础材料的需求,解决高粱播后遇低温造成幼芽受冻、幼苗萎焉进而影响高粱产量的问题,对238份高粱种质资源进行了高粱芽期、苗期耐冷性鉴定与评价,从中筛选出芽期耐冷种质15份,苗期耐冷种质11份。印度材料IS-2867和中国育成种TC1383-2、E671在芽期、苗期均为耐冷一级抗性,其中TC1383-2是中国高粱育种常用的恢复系,其耐冷特性对于耐冷品种的选育具有利用价值。结果表明,地方品种、育成种和国外品种的耐冷性存在差异,无论芽期还是苗期,在中国地方品种中都有较高比例的耐冷资源,说明在中国地方品种中挖掘耐冷种质的潜力较大。 相似文献
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不同类型小麦品种抽穗期的变异及其气候生态模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验于1982～1985年连续3年在本所试验场进行。试材选自全国各麦区有代表性强的春性,半冬性及冬性品种31个。分期播种,其中秋播3期(10月上旬、11月上旬、11月中旬),春播3期(2月上旬、3月上旬、4月上旬)。观察记载抽穗期等各 相似文献
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谷子核心种质表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
通过遗传种质的多样性评估可以指导深入研究资源和育种中优异互补亲本的选择进而提高优异基因的交流累加和新品种培育的效率。本研究选用了来自世界各地的份谷子核心种质通过个表型性状的综合鉴定评估遗传多样性和筛选优异种质资源结果表明我国谷子资源的表型遗传多样性丰富单穗粒重、穗长、穗粗、株高、茎节数和生育期均表现了丰富的变异谷子育成品种遗传多样性相比农家品种下降明显育种的遗传增益主要体现在株高和穗长的适度减低,以及茎粗、茎节数、穗粗、单穗粒重、单穗重及生育期的适度增加系统聚类分析将谷子资源分成类第类以来源为东北欧国家的品种为主第类以北美和非洲的品种为主第类以东亚、南亚的品种为主我国种质可划分为春播型、春夏兼播型和南方型类型采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法综合评判表明叶鞘色、刚毛长度、粒色、米色、株高、穗长、茎粗和单穗粒重个性状可作为谷子表型鉴定的主要指标。 相似文献
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对22份“十五”攻关培育的创新种质和22份大豆育成品种进行了24个SSR标记的分析比较,目的是在分子水平上阐明创新种质的遗传结构特点,为拓宽我国大豆育成品种遗传基础及亲本选择提供理论依据。本研究在24个SSR位点共发现231个等位变异,其中15.8%（36个等位变异）为创新种质所特有,特别是在与大豆胞囊线虫紧密连锁的Satt309位点上验证了一个我国独有的等位变异。结合UPGMA和Model-based聚类结果,将创新种质和育成品种分为4组,第Ⅰ组由13份来自东北和山西的创新种质组成;第Ⅱ组由8份来自东北的育成品种组成;第Ⅲ组由8份来自黄淮海和南方的大豆种质组成,其中创新种质和育成品种各为4份;第Ⅳ组由4份育成品种组成,分别来自吉林、黑龙江、河南和山西。遗传多样性分析结果表明,利用国外种质和野生大豆创造的创新种质丰富了东北地区育成品种的遗传多样性。因此,应加强利用国外种质、我国栽培大豆地方品种和野生大豆等优异资源,在创造优异大豆新种质的同时,拓宽我国大豆的遗传基础。 相似文献
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H. Herzog 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(3):181-189
Field trials were conducted with autumn- and spring-sown faba beans in Northern Germany during four seasons to examine the expected preceding development of autumn-sown plants, its possible transformation into a higher yield potential and its dependence on sowing dates and varieties. Height, appearance of leaves, inflorescences, mature flowers, potential and actual pot set was rated weekly, and flower initiation and tillering occasionally. Comparison was made for one winter type sown in autumn and spring, and between 6 winter types and 3 spring types, in two seasons each.
Development of autumn-sown plants significantly preceded that of spring-sown in each year, regardless of the plant material used. The mean advance, diminished considerably with time due to prolonged developmental phases in autumn-sown plants which, however, did not improve vegetative, generative or reproductive potentials of main tillers. Potentials formed by the six winter types, interacted strongly with the seasons, at least in part due to changing plant densities. Thus, only a very few traits appeared typical: a short stature with few leaves for Avrissot and the opposite for Bourdon , a high number of ripening pods for Avrissot and a low number for Banner . Early compared to late sowing in autumn increased the number of leaves, and in one year even the number of mature flowers and ripening pods per tiller, but values of early sowing never exceeded those of spring sowing. Enhancement of tiller formation by early compared to late sowing diminished after spring; nevertheless about two reproductive tillers per plant in autumn-sown stands always led to a higher density of tillers than in spring-sown. 相似文献
Development of autumn-sown plants significantly preceded that of spring-sown in each year, regardless of the plant material used. The mean advance, diminished considerably with time due to prolonged developmental phases in autumn-sown plants which, however, did not improve vegetative, generative or reproductive potentials of main tillers. Potentials formed by the six winter types, interacted strongly with the seasons, at least in part due to changing plant densities. Thus, only a very few traits appeared typical: a short stature with few leaves for Avrissot and the opposite for Bourdon , a high number of ripening pods for Avrissot and a low number for Banner . Early compared to late sowing in autumn increased the number of leaves, and in one year even the number of mature flowers and ripening pods per tiller, but values of early sowing never exceeded those of spring sowing. Enhancement of tiller formation by early compared to late sowing diminished after spring; nevertheless about two reproductive tillers per plant in autumn-sown stands always led to a higher density of tillers than in spring-sown. 相似文献
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光、温、水等气候因子是影响水稻产量形成的重要因素。为明确江苏太湖地区不同生育类型水稻产量对不同播期下气候因子变化的响应,以期为该地区不同生育类型品种合理安排播期提供依据,2018—2019年在苏州市农业科学院试验农场内以优质早熟品系苏1785和晚熟品种苏香粳100为材料,采用分期播种方法研究了2种不同生育类型水稻产量及其构成对不同播期气候因子的响应特性。结果表明,不同生育期类型品种随着播期推迟产量降低,晚熟品种产量在播期间和年度间产量变异较早熟品种大,稳产性较差。2个不同生育期类型品种有效穗、每穗总粒数随播期推迟均呈降低趋势,而结实率和千粒重播期间的差异因生育类型不同而异,早播使早熟品种结实率显著下降,迟播则使晚熟品种千粒重显著下降。迟播对早熟品种抽穗前光合势的影响程度高于晚熟品种,对抽穗后干物质积累量和群体生产率的影响则相反,迟播条件下晚熟品种茎鞘物质输出率和运转率下降迅速,不利于茎鞘物质的转运和灌浆物质的积累。相关分析表明,日照时数是影响水稻产量的首要气候因子,日均气温和有效积温对产量的影响因品种生育类型不同存在差异,日均气温和有效积温与早熟品种的产量呈显著正相关关系,而日均气温与晚熟品种的产量相关不显著,气候因子对产量的影响表现为:日照时数>日均气温,有效积温>降雨量。 相似文献
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播期对苏北盐碱地不同水稻品种生长发育进程及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探究播期对苏北盐碱地环境下不同水稻品种的生长发育进程及产量的影响,本试验采用大田小区试验,调查和比较不同播期下‘南粳9108’和‘连粳11号’的生育期、干物质积累量、株高和产量等相关性状。结果表明：随播种时间推迟,‘南粳9108’和‘连粳11号’的全生育期变短;‘南粳9108’的拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期的干物质重呈减小趋势,‘连粳11号’呈先升后降趋势;播期对‘连粳11号’株高影响差异显著,且株高随播期推迟呈下降趋势;‘南粳9108’和‘连粳11号’的播种时间推迟,其有效穗、每穗粒数和产量呈下降趋势。‘南粳9108’在苏北盐碱地区的最佳播种时间为5月24日,‘连粳11号’为5月31日。 相似文献
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Paolo Annicchiarico Nathalie Harzic Christian Huyghe Antonio Melchiorre Carroni 《Euphytica》2011,180(1):17-25
Information on the adaptation of germplasm pools to specific agroclimatic conditions is essential for ensuring high genetic progress while broadening the genetic base of breeding programmes. This study aimed to provide an ecological classification of global white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landrace genetic resources on the basis of their adaptation pattern, verifying whether region of origin could conveniently contribute to such a classification. Some 113 landraces representing 11 regional pools were evaluated in three major agroclimatic conditions, i.e., Mediterranean and subcontinental climate in Italy under autumn sowing, and suboceanic climate in France under spring sowing. The classification of regional pools by pattern analysis suggested the presence of five major ecological groups composed as follows: A = Azores, Greece and Italy; B = Madeira and Canaries; C = Maghreb, Portugal and Spain; D = East Africa, Egypt and West Asia; and E = Turkey. This classification implied specific adaptation ranging from the cold-prone, autumn-sown environment (group A) to the spring-sown environment (groups D and E). Ecological grouping accounted for about half of the overall genotypic variation and genotype × environment interaction variation in just 3.6% of its degrees of freedom in an analysis of variance. It reflected largely the entry groups issued by pattern analysis classification of the individual accessions. Our classification of ecological groups can drive the incorporation of exotic genetic resources in European breeding programmes as a function of the targeted agroclimatic conditions. In addition, it can contribute to the definition of global or user-specific core collections. 相似文献
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播期对直播水稻产量、花后各器官干物质和氮素积累及转运的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究播期对直播水稻产量、花后干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响,以水稻品种白粳1号、长白9号和龙粳31号为供试材料,设置3个播期（SD1、SD2和SD3）,比较不同播期条件下3个品种的产量、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累与转运特点。3个品种抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累量、抽穗至成熟期各器官干物质及氮素转运量和产量均表现为SD2>SD3>SD1。相关分析表明,产量与成熟期穗干物质及氮素积累量呈显著正相关,与叶片干物质和氮素转运量呈显著正相关。在本试验条件下,播期的推迟提高了3个品种有效穗数及结实率,进而提高了产量,同时促进了各器官物质转运量与转运率的提高。各品种SD2处理的产量及花后干物质、氮素积累量最高,SD2为适宜播期。 相似文献
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基于山西省13个农业气象观测站23a以上冬小麦主要发育期观测资料,利用线性拟合、相关分析和积分回归等数理统计方法对其基本特征、变化趋势、影响因素及影响敏感期进行了分析。得出以下主要结论：1)从各主要发育期的多年平均情况看,各站之间以播种期差别最小、返青期差别最大;2)南部和中部冬小麦的播种主要与降水有关,东南部则与气温关系密切;3)越冬开始期以及冬后各发育期随纬度、海拔高度而变,纬度愈高、海拔高度愈高,越冬开始期愈早、冬后各发育期愈晚,而且海拔高度的影响比纬度的影响明显;4)从各发育期的变化趋势上看,拔节期和抽穗期表现为提前趋势,尤其是抽穗期的提前趋势明显,其余发育期变化趋势不明显;拔节期和抽穗期的提前趋势与冬前、冬季和春季的降水量以及日照时数关系不大,主要与冬季和春季平均气温有关;5)不同时期的气温波动对冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的影响不同,南部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期分别为3月上旬-3月中旬和4月上旬,气温每升高1℃可使拔节期和抽穗期分别提前0.6d和0.5d;中部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期分别为3月下旬-4月中旬和4月下旬－5月中旬,气温每升高1℃可使年拔节期和抽穗期提前0.5－0.8d和1－2d;东南部冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期的气温敏感期为9月下旬和4月下旬－5月上旬,气温每升高1℃可使年拔节期和抽穗期提前0.5d和1d。 相似文献
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种植密度、播期和施肥对西藏不同青稞品种籽粒灌浆特性影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了给西藏青稞高产栽培及新品种选育提供依据,选用不同种植密度、播期和施肥处理现有的4个主要青稞品种,通过田间试验研究不同品种籽粒灌浆过程。结果表明,不同青稞品种在不同种植密度、播期和施肥处理下的籽粒灌浆特征表现出相似性,4个品种的平均灌浆速率大小依次为‘藏青2000’＞‘藏青320’＞‘喜马拉雅22’＞‘藏青13’;播期、种植密度和施肥对青稞籽粒产量的影响作用力为：播期＞施肥＞种植密度;不同青稞品种灌浆期籽粒百粒干重均在3.54 g~6.71 g之间,所有试验处理平均百粒干重最高的是T1（播期为4月10日）处理的‘藏青2000’,达到5.8 g/百粒。综合分析表明,播期对4个青稞品种的灌浆特性和产量效益影响最为明显。因此,适时早播是青稞获得高产的关键。 相似文献
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Yield QTL affected by heading date in Mediterranean grown barley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Cuesta-Marcos A. M. Casas P. M. Hayes M. P. Gracia J. M. Lasa F. Ciudad P. Codesal J. L. Molina-Cano E. Igartua 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(1):46-53
Knowledge regarding quantitative trait loci (QTL) has led to remarkable advances in breeding for a variety of traits, some of which have an effect on yield under particular environmental conditions. However, the same yield QTL are not usually found, even in the same population tested in different environments, as a result of large genotype-by-environment interactions. In this study, we aimed at identifying yield QTL in a series of experiments carried out in Spain. We used a barley doubled haploid population derived from a spring by winter cross. The relationship between heading date and yield, and between the principal heading date QTL and yield, changed depending on the environment. Allelic combinations causing early or late heading dates usually did not favour high yield, whereas intermediate heading dates were associated with not only higher variability but also higher yield potential. To identify QTL for grain yield independent of heading date, the population was divided into three classes: Early , Intermediate and Late . We found three new QTL affecting yield only at specific maturity groups. The implications of these findings in relation to barley breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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The influence of cutting stage on forage and grain yield and quality has been studied in three barley and one triticale varieties, using two sowing dates in each of two sites. When cut at the first detectable node stage (C.31), forage yield was almost double the yield at the pseudo-stem erect stage (C.30). Barley yielded more forage than triticale at both cutting stages. Both species had similar forage protein content, but forage fibre content was greater in barley than in triticale. Cutting at stage 30 reduced grain yield by about 11 % and at stage 31 by nearly 35 %. Barley and triticale had similar grain yield. Grain protein content was not affected by forage removal, but was significantly greater in triticale than in barley. The later the stage of cutting, the greater was the delay in heading date. Triticale was more responsive to environmental conditions than barley. 相似文献