共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
TET蛋白是一种α-酮戊二酸/Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶家族,可以氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)产生5-羟基甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。TET蛋白在DNA去甲基化过程中发挥关键作用,并参与哺乳动物早期发育过程。现在被广泛认可的一种途径是TET蛋白氧化5mC,接着由胸腺嘧啶糖苷酶(thymine DNA glycosylase,TDG)氧化5fC、5caC,且TDG更易切割5caC,最后经过碱基切除修复得到未被修饰的胞嘧啶,达到去甲基化的目的。去甲基化过程中调控方式主要包括调节TET蛋白水平和调节代谢产物及辅助因子。作者主要对胚胎发育前后去甲基化的作用进行了阐述。 相似文献
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利用5-甲基胞嘧啶（5-methylcytosine，5mC）和5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5-hydroxymethylcytosine，5-hrnC）特异性抗体对小鼠原核时期胚胎进行免疫荧光染色。同时使用荧光定量PCR方法检测Tet（Ten eleven translocation）基因在小鼠早期胚胎中的表达。免疫荧光染色结果显示早期原核阶段（PN1到PN3），雄原核中5mC的含量逐渐减少，而5hmC的含量逐渐增加。但是雌原核中5mC和5hmC的含量基本不变。在原核后期阶段（PN4到PN5）5hmC主要存在于雄原核中。荧光定量结果显示在小鼠MⅡ卵母细胞和植入前胚胎中Tet 1和Tet 2基因表达量较低，但是Tet 3在卵母细胞和原核时期表达量较高，随着胚胎的发育其表达量逐渐降低。结果表明，在小鼠原核时期阶段5mC到5hmC的转变过程主要是由TET3蛋白催化的，并且此过程参与小鼠雄原核的DNA主动去甲基化。 相似文献
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1概述
表观遗传是指在基因组序列不变的情况下,通过DNA和组蛋白的修饰等方式改变基因表达的现象,这种修饰以DNA甲基化最为常见.高等动植物中DNA甲基化主要是5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC).在DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)的作用下,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)作为甲基供体,将甲基添加在DNA分子中的碱基上.5mC一般出现在CpG的胞嘧啶上.CpG位点在哺乳动物基因组中所占比例可达5％～10％,其中约有70％为mCpG.CpG位点不是均匀分布,而是呈现局部聚集倾向,形成一些CpG岛,但是大部分CpG岛不易被甲基化,而散在的CpG双核苷酸则容易被甲基化. 相似文献
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在哺乳动物配子形成和胚胎发育过程中，DNA甲基化水平一直处于动态变化，DNA甲基化水平的规律变化决定了配子的生成、分裂和成熟，尤其是在早期胚胎发育过程中DNA去甲基化与DNA甲基化共同决定了1枚胚胎能否发育为完整的个体。TET蛋白家族的各成员可以通过不同作用机制发挥去甲基化作用，并且不同种类TET蛋白的缺失会对胚胎发育产生不同程度的阻碍。大量研究表明TET蛋白在配子形成和早期胚胎发育不同阶段动态调控甲基化水平，目前关于TET蛋白生物功能还存在很大的研究空间。本文综述了TET蛋白家族成员的结构、作用机制以及在配子形成和胚胎发育过程中的生物功能，为深入研究TET蛋白功能提供参考。 相似文献
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基因组甲基化是通过甲基转移酶催化胞嘧啶转化为5-甲基胞嘧啶，是表观遗传学的重要组成部分，对许多生理活动具有重要影响。文中主要从甲基化在畜禽上的研究进展，以及近几年在长链非编码RNA等研究进展，概述DNA甲基化研究的发展。 相似文献
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表观遗传是一类没有产生DNA碱基序列的改变但表型特征却发生变化的调控机制,同时这种变化是可以遗传给后代的。DNA甲基化是DNA分子上的胞嘧啶在DNA甲基转移酶的作用下与一个甲基基团共价结合,被修饰为5-甲基胞嘧啶,进而调控基因表达的一种表观遗传形式。多项研究表明,DNA甲基化对动物的抗病性能、生产性能、繁殖性能均有不同程度的影响,因此探明DNA甲基化的表观遗传机制,能够为分子育种提供理论依据,将有助于更好更快的选育新品种或品系,并充分发挥其遗传潜力。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究RNA m6A修饰相关基因去甲基化酶Alk B同源蛋白5（Alk B homologue 5，ALKBH5）、去甲基化酶肥胖相关蛋白（fat mass and obesity-associated protein，FTO）、甲基转移酶样蛋白3（methyltransferase like 3，METTL3）、甲基转移酶样蛋白14（methyltransferase like 14，METTL14）和成肾细胞瘤1-结合蛋白（Wilms’tumor 1-associating protein，WTAP）在鸡骨骼肌发育过程中的表达，分析其与骨骼肌m6A甲基化水平的相关性。首先，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测m6A甲基化相关基因在金茅花鸡12（E12）、14（E14）、16（E16）、18（E18）胚龄和1日龄腿肌和胸肌组织中mRNA表达水平，以及其在鸡成肌细胞50%、100%增殖期和1、2、3、4、5 d分化期的mRNA表达水平；随后，利用m6A甲基化试剂盒检测金茅花鸡E12和1日龄腿肌和胸肌组织中m6A甲基化修饰水平，与m6A甲基化相关基因表达水平进行相关性分析。结果显示，m6A去甲基化基因ALKBH5和FTO mRNA表达水平在骨骼肌发育过程中显著上调（P<0.05），即在E12、E14低表达，E16、E18逐渐上调，1日龄达到最高。m6A甲基化写入基因METTL14、METTL3和WTAP mRNA表达水平在E12、E14、E16逐渐上升，E18下降，随后至1日龄表达量回升。在细胞增殖过程中，ALKBH5、FTO、METTL14、METTL3和WTAP基因表达均上调；在细胞分化过程中ALKBH5和FTO基因表达水平显著上调（P<0.05），在分化第5天达到最高。METTL14、METTL3和WTAP基因mRNA表达水平在细胞诱导分化的1、2、3、4 d表达量呈下降趋势，而在诱导分化的第5天有所回升。甲基化水平检测结果显示，腿肌和胸肌m6A甲基化水平变化趋势一致，均在胚胎发育过程中显著下降（P<0.05），至1日龄达到最低。相关性分析结果显示，鸡骨骼肌RNA m6A甲基化水平与m6A去甲基化修饰基因ALKBH5、FTO mRNA表达水平呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综合以上试验结果，推测m6A甲基化修饰与鸡骨骼肌发育相关，而去甲基化基因ALKBH5、FTO可能通过调控RNA m6A甲基化水平，影响鸡骨骼肌发育。本研究结果为进一步研究m6A甲基化修饰调控鸡骨骼肌生长发育的功能和分子机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了获得狼山鸡性腺轴组织基因组DNA甲基化水平和模式等表观遗传信息,试验采用全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序（whole genome bisulfite sequencing,WGBS）技术检测狼山鸡下丘脑和卵巢组织基因组DNA甲基化状态,分析两组织DNA甲基化水平及特异甲基化模式。结果表明,狼山鸡下丘脑和卵巢基因组整体甲基化水平分别为4.35%和3.48%,差异显著（P<0.05）;下丘脑和卵巢中分别检测到6 150 000和10 320 000个甲基化胞嘧啶（mC）位点,其中mCG类型位点分别占69.99%和87.88%,下丘脑中非mCG位点占比约为卵巢中的2.5倍;与各染色体不同,两组织线粒体基因组中mCHH位点占比最高,其次是mCHG位点;卵巢基因组启动子区DNA甲基化水平极显著低于内含子和外显子区（P<0.01）,极显著高于基因间区（P<0.01）;下丘脑基因组启动子区DNA甲基化水平与内含子和外显子区相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,却显著高于基因间区（P<0.05）;下丘脑基因组各功能元件DNA甲基化水平均显著或极显著高于卵巢基因组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。综上,狼山鸡下丘脑和卵巢组织具有不同的DNA甲基化模式和特征,下丘脑中较高的非mCG位点比例可能在中枢神经系统发育中发挥重要作用,本研究结果为进一步分析鸡卵巢和下丘脑基因组DNA甲基化对其繁殖性能调控机制提供参考依据。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过不同品种绵羊背最长肌的全基因组甲基化差异分析,鉴定差异甲基化区域（DMR）和差异甲基化基因（DMG）,为解析绵羊骨骼肌发育差异奠定基础。采用全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序（WGBS）技术开展了周岁龄滩羊、湖羊和滩湖F2代背最长肌全基因组DNA的甲基化水平检测和差异甲基化区域分析,探讨品种间DNA甲基化水平的差异。结果显示,全基因组范围内滩羊、湖羊和滩湖F2代胞嘧啶（C）甲基化（mC）率分别为3.55%、3.18%和3.56%,3个群体的甲基化水平基本一致。对滩羊和湖羊的甲基化水平进行比较,在不同序列环境下共检测到97 731个DMRs和10 784个DMGs。在CG、CHH、CHG序列环境下3个群体甲基化水平无显著差异。对DMGs通过基因本体（GO）和相关信号通路（KEGG）分析,共检测到419个GO条目和20个信号通路,显著富集在细胞过程、细胞组分、结合、长期抑制等相关条目中。筛选出5个与肌肉调控有关的候选基因ACTA2、ROCK1、CALD1、MYH3、MYH10。本研究绘制了滩羊、湖羊和滩湖F2代全基因组甲基化图谱,为表观遗传调控肌肉发育研究和肉质候选基因的筛选提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Yumei Zhang Enen Gao Hong Guan Qianqian Wang Shuo Zhang Kexiong Liu Fengxiang Yan Hao Tian Dehai Shan Huijuan Xu Jian Hou 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(3):255-265
Vitamin C is not only an antioxidant but also a regulator of epigenetic modifications that can enhance the activity of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family dioxygenases and promote the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Here, we investigated the effects of vitamin C in regulating DNA methylation in sheep somatic cells or embryos in an effort to improve the cloned embryo development. Vitamin C treatment of sheep foetal fibroblast cells significantly increased the 5hmC levels but did not affect the 5mC levels in cells. After nuclear transfer, vitamin C-treated donor cells could not support a higher blastocyst development rate than non-treated cells. Although combination of serum starvation and vitamin C treatment could induce significant 5mC decrease in donor cells, it failed to promote the development of resultant cloned embryos. When cloned embryos were directly treated with vitamin C, the pre-implantation development of embryos and the 5hmC levels in blastocysts were significantly improved. This beneficial role of vitamin C on embryo development was also observed in fertilized embryos. Our results suggest that vitamin C treatment of the embryos, but not the donor cells, can improve the development of cloned sheep embryos. 相似文献
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Nick A Ciccone William Mwangi Alexey Ruzov Lorraine P Smith Colin Butter Venugopal Nair 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)
The mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune system include changes in host genomic methylation. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is the catalytic product of the Tet (Ten-11 translocation) family of enzymes and may serve as an intermediate of DNA demethylation. Recent reports suggest that 5hmC may confer consequences on cellular events including the pathogenesis of disease; in order to explore this possibility further we investigated both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5hmC levels in healthy and diseased chicken bursas of Fabricius. We discovered that embryonic B-cells have high 5mC content while 5hmC decreases during bursa development. We propose that a high 5mC level protects from the mutagenic activity of the B-cell antibody diversifying enzyme activation induced deaminase (AID). In support of this view, AID mRNA increases significantly within the developing bursa from embryonic to post hatch stages while mRNAs that encode Tet family members 1 and 2 reduce over the same period. Moreover, our data revealed that infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) disrupts this genomic methylation pattern causing a global increase in 5hmC levels in a mechanism that may involve increased Tet 1 and 2 mRNAs. To our knowledge this is the first time that a viral infection has been observed to cause global increases in genomic 5hmC within infected host tissues, underlining a mechanism that may involve the induction of B-cell genomic instability and cell death to facilitate viral egress. 相似文献
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Ziyun Ruan Xin Zhao Zhengda Li Xiling Qin Qiming Shao Qiuyan Ruan Yanfei Deng Jianrong Jiang Ben Huang Fenghua Lu Deshun Shi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(1):11-22
Low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos is largely attributable to imperfect reprogramming of the donor nucleus. The differences in epigenetic reprogramming between female and male buffalo cloned embryos remain unclear. We explored the effects of donor cell sex differences on the development of SCNT embryos. We and then compared the expression of DNA methylation (5‐methylcytosine‐5mC and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine‐5hmC) and the expression level of relevant genes, and histone methylation (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) level in SCNT‐♀ and SCNT‐♂ preimplantation embryos with in vitro fertilization (IVF) counterparts. In the study, we showed that developmental potential of SCNT‐♀ embryos was greater than that of SCNT‐♂ embryos (p < 0.05). 5mC was mainly expressed in SCNT‐♀ embryos, whereas 5hmC was majorly expressed in SCNT‐♂ embryos (p < 0.05). The levels of DNA methylation (5mC and 5hmC), Dnmt3b, TET1 and TET3 in the SCNT‐♂ embryos were higher than those of SCNT‐♀ embryos (p < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the expression of H3K9me2 at eight‐stage of the IVF, SCNT‐♀ and SCNT‐♂embryos (p < 0.05). However, H3K9me3 was upregulated in SCNT‐♂ embryos at the eight‐cell stage (p < 0.05). Thus, KDM4B ectopic expression decreased the level of H3K9me3 and significantly improved the developmental rate of two‐cell, eight‐cell and blastocysts of SCNT‐♂ embryos (p < 0.05). Overall, the lower levels of DNA methylation (5mC and 5hmC) and H3K9me3 may introduce the greater developmental potential in buffalo SCNT‐♀ embryos than that of SCNT‐♂ embryos. 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过克隆猫源C11orf96(Felis catus C11orf96,fC11orf96)基因,并制备其多克隆抗体分析该基因在细胞中的定位。以猫肾细胞cDNA为模板克隆fC11orf96基因,并利用无缝重组连接成功构建重组质粒pET-32a (+)-fC11orf96-Fe。随后将重组质粒转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后成功表达fC11orf96-Fe重组蛋白,并利用该重组蛋白制备多克隆抗体。最后利用Western blot及间接免疫荧光试验分析多克隆抗体的有效性及其细胞定位。结果表明,成功获得猫C11orf96基因CDS序列,全长372 bp,可编码124个氨基酸,表达的fC11orf96-Fe蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,蛋白大小约49 ku。由该重组蛋白制备的多克隆抗体能够识别细胞内源性fC11orf96蛋白和外源真核表达蛋白,并且发现fC11orf96蛋白定位于细胞质。本研究成功克隆得到猫C11orf96基因,并且fC11orf96蛋白定位于细胞质,为后续研究C11orf96的生物学功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
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1. Birds, especially nestlings, are generally difficult to sex by morphology and early detection of chick gender in ovo in the hatchery would facilitate removal of unwanted chicks and diminish welfare objections regarding culling after hatch. 2. We describe a method to determine chicken gender without the need for PCR via use of Thymine-DNA Glycosylase (TDG). TDG restores thymine (T)/guanine (G) mismatches to cytosine (C)/G. We show here, that like DNA Polymerase, TDG can recognise, bind and function on a primer hybridised to chicken genomic DNA. 3. The primer contained a T to mismatch a G in a chicken genomic template and the T/G was cleaved with high fidelity by TDG. Thus, the chicken genomic DNA can be identified without PCR amplification via direct and linear detection. Sensitivity was increased using gender specific sequences from the chicken genome. 4. Currently, these are laboratory results, but we anticipate that further development will allow this method to be used in non-laboratory settings, where PCR cannot be employed. 相似文献
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Lao HH Sun YN Yin ZX Wang J Chen C Weng SP He W Guo CJ Huang XD Yu XQ He JG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,125(1-2):37-46
C1q, a subunit of the C1 complex, plays a key role in the recognition of immune complexes to initiate the classical complement pathway. In this study, we reported two C1q-like cDNAs from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), mC1q-like-1 (mC1qL1) and mC1q-like-2 (mC1qL2). The full-length cDNA of mC1qL1was 990bp, containing a 71bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF) of 723bp, and a 196bp long 3'-UTR. mC1qL2 cDNA was 1193bp, containing a 100bp 5'-UTR, followed by an ORF of 756bp and a 3'-UTR of 337bp. mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 share 29% identity in amino acid sequence. Both mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 contained three parts: a short amino-terminal region, a collagen-like region and a carboxyl-terminal globular C1q domain. The phylogenetic analysis showed that mC1qL1 clustered with two Danio rerio hypothetical proteins and further grouped with C1q proteins, while mC1qL2 clustered with C1qA proteins from other species. In healthy mandarin fish, mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 were expressed in all tissues tested, including liver, spleen, head kidney, caudal kidney, intestine and gill. mC1qL1 was highly expressed in head kidney, while mC1qL2 was mainly expressed in spleen. The expression level of mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 in liver were not changed obviously and mC1qL2 was significantly changed (p<0.05) in spleen after infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. Mandarin fish C1q may play a role in response to ISKNV infection. 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控肌肉发育研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肌肉发育是一个复杂的生物学过程,其调控机制尚不完善。但近年来表观遗传修饰对肌肉发育的调控作用逐渐成为热点领域,研究发现DNA甲基化与去甲基化修饰对肌肉发生与发育起到重要的调控作用。肌肉干细胞特异位点通过DNA甲基化修饰,影响肌肉发育过程关键基因的表达,进而调控早期发育的生肌过程。本文主要围绕肌肉发育过程中DNA甲基化及去甲基化修饰的变化、重要的甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶以及营养物质通过DNA甲基化修饰影响肌肉发生的作用进行论述。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程,受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式,可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达,进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果,脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明,转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxi-some proliferator activiated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族(CCAAT enchancer binding proteinfamily,CEBPs)在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现,DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程,但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制,概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用,重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响,旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。 相似文献
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Vitrification by the Cryotop method is frequently used for bovine oocyte cryopreservation. Nevertheless, vitrified oocytes still have reduced developmental competency compared with fresh counterparts. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of vitrification either at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage or at the metaphase II (MII) stage on epigenetic characteristics of bovine oocytes and subsequently developing embryos. Our results demonstrated that vitrification of oocytes at each meiotic stage significantly reduced blastocyst development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, vitrification at the GV stage resulted in higher blastocyst development than did vitrification at the MII stage. Irrespective of the meiotic stage, oocyte vitrification did not affect 5-methylcytosine (5mC) immunostaining intensity in oocyte DNA. However, at both stages, it caused a similar reduction of 5mC levels in DNA of subsequently developing blastocysts. Oocyte vitrification had no effect on the intensity of H3K9me3 and acH3K9 immunostaining in oocytes and subsequent blastocysts. The results suggest that irrespective of meiotic stage, oocyte vitrification alters global methylation in resultant embryos although such alteration in the oocytes was not detected. Oocyte vitrification might not influence histone acetylation and methylation in oocytes and resultant embryos. Vitrification at the immature stage was more advantageous for blastocyst development than at the mature stage. 相似文献