共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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Toll样受体(toll-like receptor,TLR)是存在于机体内的一类重要的模式识别受体,在机体天然免疫中起重要作用,可识别一种或多种特定的微生物病原体及其产物共有的高度保守的分子结构,即病原相关分子模式(pathogen associated molecular pattern,PAMP),启动针对入侵病原体的早期应答,诱发获得性免疫反应。对TLRs家族的研究有助于明确病原体被机体识别的本质,有助于阐明天然免疫及炎症反应机制,为免疫系统失调所致疾病的治疗提供新的思路,为新型疫苗(如DNA疫苗)和免疫调节剂的研发提供新的理论依据。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(4)
髓性分化因子88(MyD88)作为TLRs/IL-1R信号通路中重要的接头蛋白,在免疫应答和疾病防御中起重要作用,作者拟通过慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术获得MyD88基因沉默的猪小肠上皮细胞,为致病菌引起肠道疾病机制研究提供有效模型。共构建4个靶向猪MyD88基因的shRNA表达载体和1个MyD88基因高表达载体,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法鉴定瞬时共转染293细胞中MyD88基因转录水平,筛选获得干扰猪MyD88基因效率最高的shRNA表达载体,将其包装成慢病毒载体,用于建立MyD88基因稳定沉默的猪小肠上皮细胞。最终成功获得MyD88基因沉默效率达到69.3%的小肠上皮细胞,达到基因功能分析的要求。MyD88基因稳定沉默猪肠上皮细胞的获得,为猪肠道病原微生物所引起的TLRs/IL-1R信号通路作用机制的研究提供了宝贵材料。 相似文献
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Toll样受体研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)家族在病原体的识别和激活天然免疫方面发挥着非常重要的作用.激活TLRs不仅可以诱导天然免疫应答,而且有利于特异性免疫反应的发生,因而TLRs是天然免疫与获得性免疫之间的桥梁.不同TLRs可以有相同的功能,例如诱导炎性因子的产生或者上调辅助刺激分子的表达,也可以有特异的作用,例如具有诱导IFN-I产生的能力.这些作用不但在抗菌免疫反应中非常关键,而且也表现在自身免疫反应中.因而了解TLRs结构、分布、分类及功能可促进天然免疫机制研究的进一步深入,有利于对变态反应和自身免疫性疾病治疗措施的改进,也有利于解决诸如 CpG佐剂、DNA疫苗、预防过敏反应等实际应用过程中存在的问题. 相似文献
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<正>Toll样受体（Toll-like receptor,TLRs）是动物天然免疫体系的重要成分之一,可识别病原微生物具有的保守结构分子,可检测微生物感染并触发抗菌宿主的防御反应,参与构成防御感染性疾病的第一条防线。Toll样受体5(Toll-like receptor 5,TLR5)是TLRs家族中的一个成员,TLR5可以被细菌鞭毛蛋白激活,构成机体反抗病原菌的第一线防御机构,并且对机体内部的免疫稳态影响明显,在脊椎动物中高度保守。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2020,(4)
天然免疫通过模式识别受体(PRRs)识别侵入宿主机体的病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)。DNA受体主要识别病原DNA,并通过接头蛋白MyD88和STING诱导产生Ⅰ型干扰素或炎性因子抵御病原入侵。近年来,DNA病原对我国畜牧养殖业产生了巨大威胁,天然免疫DNA受体在抗动物疫病方面的研究逐渐成为热点。本文将重点介绍TLR9、DAI、DDX41、AIM2、IFI16、cGAS等常见DNA感受器的信号通路及其在畜禽抗感染免疫中的研究进展。 相似文献
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为探究马链球菌马亚种(Streptococcus equi subsp.equi,S.equi)对小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞(bone marrow derived dendritic cells,BMDCs)TLR1、TLR2、TLR6、MyD88、IL-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、TNF-αmRNA表达的影响,用GM-CSF、IL-4细胞因子刺激小鼠骨髓细胞使其诱导分化成未成熟的BMDCs,感染S.equi后16、20、26h,采用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测感染组及未感染组细胞TLRs、MyD88和细胞因子mRNA的表达情况。结果显示,S.equi感染BMDCs后16、20、26h,TLR1、TLR2、TLR6、MyD88mRNA的表达量均显著或极显著的高于未感染组(P0.05或P0.01)。S.equi感染DCs后16、26h,IL-1的分泌量较未感染组没有变化(P0.05),IL-10、TNF-α的分泌量显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01)。IL-6在S.equi感染DCs后16h的分泌量显著增加(P0.05),但感染后26h无显著变化(P0.05)。IL-12在S.equi感染DCs后16h的表达没有变化(P0.05),但感染后26h分泌量有所增加(P0.05)。说明S.equi具有调节DCs TLRs、MyD88和细胞因子表达的能力,从而介导机体的免疫应答反应。 相似文献
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Toll样受体研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
免疫系统识别"非我"和"自我"的过程是依赖于不同的受体来完成的,作为先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分及连接获得性免疫与先天性免疫的"桥梁",Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是生物的一种模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR),它主要通过识别病原相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecularpatterns,PAMPs)来启动免疫反应。已发现TLRs在炎症、细胞信号转导、细胞凋亡、肿瘤等发生过程中扮演重要角色。随着分子细胞生物学的发展,有关TLRs的研究必将更加深入,同时也会进一步拓展对机体免疫机制的认识。 相似文献
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Oliveira SC de Almeida LA Carvalho NB Oliveira FS Lacerda TL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,148(1-2):129-135
The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense mechanism against invading microbial pathogens. Recent studies have revealed the intracellular signaling cascades involved in the TLR-initiated immune response to Brucella spp. infection. However, there is a piece of the puzzle missing that is the role of non-TLR receptors in innate immunity. The involvement of TLR receptors in brucellosis has been investigated by different research groups. It was demonstrated that TLR2 clearly does not play any role in controlling Brucella abortus infection in vivo, whereas TLR9 has been shown to be required for clearance of this bacterium in infected mice. The participation of adaptor molecules, such as MyD88 and TRIF has also been discussed. Recently, we and others have reported the critical role of MyD88- and not TRIF-mediated signaling in dendritic cell maturation and in vivo resistance during B. abortus infection. However, the relationship between specific Brucella molecules and non-TLR receptors and signal transduction pathways needs to be better understood. It is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Finally, this review discusses the mechanisms used by Brucella to escape detection by the host innate immune system. 相似文献
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Alexander Rebl Tom Goldammer Uwe Fischer Bernd Kllner Hans-Martin Seyfert 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(1-2):122-126
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are relevant for piscine innate immunity. TLR activation recruits several downstream factors regulating the expression of immunorelevant genes. We have characterized two key factors of innate immunity from rainbow trout: MyD88 as an adaptor protein interacting directly with TLRs, and serum amyloid A as an effector molecule induced by the activated Toll-like receptor signaling cascade.Both factors share a remarkable high degree of structural conservation with their mammalian orthologs suggesting that innate immune defense mechanisms may also functionally be conserved between fish and mammals. 相似文献
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Toll样受体家族（Toll-like receptors,TLRs）作为一种膜表面分子,是模式识别受体（pattern recognition receptors,PRRs）的主要组分,在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中都可识别入侵的病原体相关分子模式（pathogen associated molecular patterns,PAMPs）。通过对鸡和斑胸草雀的基因组进行比对分析,发现禽中存在10种Toll样受体,其中TLR2 a、b、3、4、5和7已经证明和哺乳动物同源;有些经过基因倍增生成两个基因,TLR1La和TLR1Lb,TLR2 a和2 b;禽TLR21可能与鱼类和两栖动物的同源;禽TLR15是禽类特有的一类受体。各种禽Toll样受体在抵御各种微生物的感染过程中发挥各自重要的作用,本文就禽Toll样受体的研究进展进行简要综述。 相似文献
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The innate immune system is essential for host defence and is responsible for early detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, diverse signalling pathways are activated that combine to define inflammatory responses that direct sterilisation of the threat and/or orchestrate development of the adaptive immune response. Innate immune signalling must be carefully controlled and regulation comes in part from interactions between activating and inhibiting signalling receptors. In recent years, an increasing number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including C-type lectin receptors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), has been described that participate in innate recognition of microbes, especially through the so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent studies demonstrate strong interactions between signalling through these receptors. Whereas useful models to study these receptors in great detail in the murine and human system are now emerging, relatively little is known regarding these receptors in companion and farm animals. In this review, current knowledge regarding these receptors in species of veterinary relevance is summarised. 相似文献
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两栖类处于脊椎动物由水生向陆生进化的过渡阶段,进化地位重要。近年来因疾病的爆发、生境破碎化、环境污染、紫外辐射增加、人为过度捕捉和生物入侵等诸多因素引起的全球范围内两栖类种群数量锐减已引起人们的广泛关注。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)家族是一类从线虫到哺乳动物普遍存在的高度保守的模式识别受体(PRRs),可以识别侵入机体病原体的病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),是两栖类先天性免疫防御系统的重要组成部分。本文结合近些年国内外对两栖类TLRs的研究对两栖类TLRs结构特征、进化特点、在两栖类发育早期的差异表达特征和两栖类TLRs信号通路中相关分子的表达研究进行概述。目前对于两栖类TLRs的研究发现两栖类TLRs兼具鱼类和哺乳类TLRs的特征,并在从鱼类到两栖类到哺乳类的进化过程中,TLRs家族部分成员如TLR2的配体识别功能可能发生了一定程度的特化;在两栖类早期发育阶段,获得性免疫不够完善,以TLRs为主的先天免疫防御系统在抵御病原体的侵袭方面发挥了重要作用;在特定病原菌和病毒的胁迫下,可能激活了TLRs下游不同的途径参与两栖类对病原体的免疫应答反应。 相似文献
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