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1.
Mixed species plantations using native trees are increasingly being considered for sustainable timber production. Successful application of mixed species forestry systems requires knowledge of the potential spatial interaction between species in order to minimise the chance of dominance and suppression and to maximise wood production. Here, we examined species performances across 52 experimental plots of tree mixtures established on cleared rainforest land to analyse relationships between the growth of component species and climate and soil conditions. We derived site index (SI) equations for ten priority species to evaluate performance and site preferences. Variation in SI of focus species demonstrated that there are strong species-specific responses to climate and soil variables. The best predictor of tree growth for rainforest species Elaeocarpus grandis and Flindersia brayleyana was soil type, as trees grew significantly better on well-draining than on poorly drained soil profiles. Both E. grandis and Eucalyptus pellita showed strong growth response to variation in mean rain days per month. Our study generates understanding of the relative performance of species in mixed species plantations in the Wet Tropics of Australia and improves our ability to predict species growth compatibilities at potential planting sites within the region. Given appropriate species selections and plantation design, mixed plantations of high-value native timber species are capable of sustaining relatively high productivity at a range of sites up to age 10 years, and may offer a feasible approach for large-scale reforestation.  相似文献   

2.
比较分析了地涌金莲原种及红苞地涌金莲变种的光响应和CO2响应特征以及叶绿素含量等指标.结果表明:(1)在Pn-PAR中,地涌金莲原种的最大光饱和净光合速率、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率分别较红苞变种高20.42％、34.88％、31.95％,而光饱和点却较红苞变种低4.95％;Pn-Ci响应的各参数中,原种的光呼吸速率、CO2饱和最大净光合速率以及羧化效率分别高于红苞变种2.73％、14.79％、21.35％,说明地涌金莲的光合能力要强于红苞地涌金莲;(2)地涌金莲具有典型的C3植物特征;(3)地涌金莲为阳性耐荫植物;(4)地涌金莲的叶绿素a、b以及a/b的含量分别高于红苞地涌金莲22.60％、32.46％、25.06％.  相似文献   

3.
We analyzed the growth and photosynthetic responses of Canarium pimela K. D. Koenig (Chinese black olive) and Nephelium topengii (Merr.) H. S. Lo. (Hainan shaozi) to a light gradient to recommend better procedures for optimizing seedling establishment and growth of both species in restoration and agroforestry practices. One-month-old seedlings were exposed to four irradiance levels (46, 13, 2 and 0.2 % full sunlight) inside shade cloth covered shadehouses for 1 year. With decreased sunlight both species displayed trends of decreased relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area (LA), and increased specific leaf area and leaf area ratio (LAR). The mean values of light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) in 46 and 0.2 % full sunlight were 10.11 and 3.44 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 for C. pimela and 6.26 and 3.47 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 for N. topengii, respectively. C. pimela had higher RGR in 46 and 13 % full sunlight than in 2 and 0.2 % full sunlight. Differences in growth rates can be explained by the different values of LA, LAR and leaf mass ratio, as well as by the different values of photosynthetic saturation irradiance and net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) between the two species. Both morphological and physiological responses to shading indicate N. topengii could be rated as “very shade-tolerant,” while C. pimela could be rated as “intermediately shade-tolerant”.  相似文献   

4.
Containerized seedlings of three commercially important tropical species were grown under four different light treatments [i.e., 100 (open site), 45, 22 and 10% sunlight] for 130 days. Light-saturated photosynthesis (A max) and light saturation estimates (LSE) reflected the species successional status with Terminalia superba Engl. and Diels, the pioneer species showing largest mean A max and LSE at 100% sunlight, whereas at 10% sunlight, it showed the lowest A max and LSE. At 22% sunlight, Cedrela odorata L., an intermediate successional species had greater A max and LSE than Mansonia altissima A. Chev., a non-pioneer light demander and T. superba. T. superba had the lowest relative growth rate (RGR) at 10% sunlight and greatest net assimilation rate (NAR) at 100% sunlight; although a higher RGR at this light level was not seen for this species. Strong and positive linear mean A max–mean NAR relationship of C. odorata and T. superba indicated that differences in leaf photosynthetic rates of the two species were reflected in their NAR, which increased with increasing light. At final harvest, superior biomass production was found at 45% sunlight for all the species. Seedling responses in specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf mass ratio and root mass ratio were typically those found along a light gradient. At the 100% sunlight, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE), F v/F m and final root system of the plants was generally superior in T. superba but at 10% sunlight, WUE was inferior in T. superba when compared to C. odorata and M. altissima, reflecting the respective species’ short-term acclimation to high or low light. Results of this study may have practical use in screening tropical tree species for use in plantation forestry.  相似文献   

5.
Efforts in Europe to convert Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations to broadleaf or mixed broadleaf-conifer forests could be bolstered by an increased understanding of how artificial regeneration acclimates and functions under a range of Norway spruce stand conditions. We studied foliage characteristics and leaf-level photosynthesis on 7-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) regeneration established in open patches and shelterwoods of a partially harvested Norway spruce plantation in southwestern Sweden. Both species exhibited morphological plasticity at the leaf level by developing leaf blades in patches with an average mass per unit area (LMA) 54% greater than of those in shelterwoods, and at the plant level by maintaining a leaf area ratio (LAR) in shelterwoods that was 78% greater than in patches. However, we observed interspecific differences in photosynthetic capacity relative to spruce canopy openness. Photosynthetic capacity (A1600, net photosynthesis at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1600 μmol photons m−2 s−1) of beech in respect to the canopy gradient was best related to leaf mass, and declined substantially with increasing canopy openness primarily because leaf nitrogen (N) in this species decreased about 0.9 mg g−1 with each 10% rise in canopy openness. In contrast, A1600 of oak showed a weak response to mass-based N, and furthermore the percentage of N remained constant in oak leaf tissues across the canopy gradient. Therefore, oak photosynthetic capacity along the canopy gradient was best related to leaf area, and increased as the spruce canopy thinned primarily because LMA rose 8.6 g m−2 for each 10% increase in canopy openness. These findings support the premise that spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of beech through processes that determine N status of this species; leaf N (mass basis) was greatest under relatively closed spruce canopies where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing light harvesting mechanisms. Spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of oak through processes that control LMA; LMA was greatest under open spruce canopies of high light availability where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing CO2 fixation mechanisms.  相似文献   

6.
South African coastal dune forests are young, highly disturbed subtropical communities where conventional models of forest dynamics may be challenged. We tested predictions from the gap-phase regeneration model by comparing seedlings of three common species representing contrasting regeneration strategies: Acacia karroo as a ruderal, Celtis africana as a coloniser of forest gaps, and Diospyros natalensis as a late-successional species. We grew seedlings under contrasting light and nitrogen levels in a greenhouse and in the field for 1 year to compare their growth and survival rates, allocation and photosynthetic traits. Species’ growth rates generally followed the expected order: Acacia > Celtis > Diospyros, but Acacia responded strongly to light and Celtis responded strongly to nitrogen, leading to cross-overs in growth rates. The plasticity of allocation and photosynthesis did not clearly differentiate the strategies, although it was greater in the light-demanding species. Acacia and Celtis tended to survive better in Acacia stands than in forest plots. Leaf-level light compensation points (LCPs) were similar for the three species in most conditions, but auxiliary data suggest Diospyros has a lower whole-plant LCP than Acacia. Growth rates and LCPs were lower than most of those reported for primary-forest species in the literature, suggesting an unusual degree of shade-tolerance in this habitat. We discuss reasons why variation in shade-tolerance may be less important here than in the prevailing model for forest regeneration and suggest other biotic factors that may help differentiate regeneration niches.  相似文献   

7.
植物功能性状由生境条件和遗传因素共同决定,田间控制实验能够揭示植物功能性状在种内和种间的变异程度.采集南北样带温带区8个地点6种栎属树种的种子,通过田间栽培试验,以均一环境下1年生幼苗为对象,研究比较种内及种间比叶重、单位叶面积光合速率、单位叶重量光合速率、总干物质含量和根冠比5种功能性状的变化差异,并且分析幼苗功能性状与种子性状的关系.结果发现:栎属树种种间幼苗的功能性状变异系数高于种内,并且种内功能性状的差异较小,种间差异性较大,而比叶重和叶片光合速率无论在种间还是种内,其变异率都较小;总干物质量和根冠比与种子质量显著相关,随种子质量增加幼苗的总干物质量和根冠比呈现增加的趋势,比叶重和叶片光合速率与种子质量的相关性较小.  相似文献   

8.
Variability of soil CO2 efflux strongly depends on soil temperature, soil moisture and plant phenology. Separating the effects of these factors is critical to understand the belowground carbon dynamics of forest ecosystem. In Ethiopia with its unreliable seasonal rainfall, variability of soil CO2 efflux may be particularly associated with seasonal variation. In this study, soil respiration was measured in nine plots under the canopies of three indigenous trees (Croton macrostachys, Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana) growing in an Afromontane forest of south-eastern Ethiopia. Our objectives were to investigate seasonal and diurnal variation in soil CO2 flux rate as a function of soil temperature and soil moisture, and to investigate the impact of tree species composition on soil respiration. Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns, being lower during dry periods and higher during wet periods. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture under the three tree species explained about 50% of the seasonal variability. The relation followed a Gaussian function, and indicated a decrease in soil respiration at soil volumetric water contents exceeding a threshold of about 30%. Under more moist conditions soil respiration is tentatively limited by low oxygen supply. On a diurnal basis temperature dependency was observed, but not during dry periods when plant and soil microbial activities were restrained by moisture deficiency. Tree species influenced soil respiration, and there was a significant interaction effect of tree species and soil moisture on soil CO2 efflux variability. During wet (and cloudy) period, when shade tolerant late successional P. falcatus is having a physiological advantage, soil respiration under this tree species exceeded that under the other two species. In contrast, soil CO2 efflux rates under light demanding pioneer C. macrostachys appeared to be least sensitive to dry (but sunny) conditions. This is probably related to the relatively higher carbon assimilation rates and associated root respiration. We conclude that besides the anticipated changes in precipitation pattern in Ethiopia any anthropogenic disturbance fostering the pioneer species may alter the future ecosystem carbon balance by its impact on soil respiration.  相似文献   

9.
Plant succession and mycorrhizal fungi both play crucial roles in shaping the development of forest ecosystems. However, despite the strong potential for interactions between them, few studies have examined how patterns of forest succession affect mycorrhizal associations that a majority of plant species depend on to alleviate soil resource constraints. Fire suppression in subalpine forests over the last century has changed successional patterns in ways that may have important implications for mycorrhizal associations of forest tree species. To better understand these relationships we conducted a field and greenhouse study in which we examined mycorrhizal infection along gradients of light intensity and soil nutrient availability that develop as aspen becomes seral to conifers under longer fire return intervals. We examined whether ectomycorrhizal associations of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), a shade intolerant, early succession species, were more sensitive to light and soil resource limitations than subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), a shade tolerant, late succession species. In the field study, ectomycorrhizal infection of aspen roots was reduced by 50% in conifer dominated stands relative to aspen stands. In contrast, subalpine fir maintained its EM associations regardless of the successional status of the stand. The greenhouse results were consistent with field results and indicated that light limitation was the driving force behind reductions in EM infection of aspen roots in later stages of succession. These results suggest that nutrient limitations constraining early successional species may be exacerbated by losses in EM associations via light limitations created by late successional species. This is one potential mechanism by which climax forest species create a competitive advantage over early successional species and these results suggest that it is likely exacerbated by longer fire return intervals.  相似文献   

10.
Understanding forest dynamics and stand structures is crucial for predicting forest succession. However, many forests have been altered due to century-long land-use practices, which complicates the reconstruction of past and current successional trajectories. For a better understanding of successional processes, we suggest studying the intra- and interspecific competition among single trees across time. We introduce a tree-ring based competition index to reconstruct the competitive dynamics of individual trees over time. This new retrospective dynamic competition index combines a temporal and a spatial component by calculating the yearly ratio between the basal area increments (bai) of the neighbouring trees and the subject tree. The new index is applied to mixed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) stands in the inner-Alpine dry-valley Valais, for which a change in species composition is hypothesised. The aim is to analyse current stand structures in terms of recent changes in the competitive interactions at the single tree level and to relate these competitive dynamics to land-use change and increasing drought due to climate change. On five plots, the positions of 456 trees were recorded and increment cores were taken to derive bai data. The individual dynamic competition index curves were aggregated in clusters, which define typical patterns of competitive dynamics in both tree species. A large percentage of the trees (87% in oak, 70% in pine) were clustered into a group of trees with constant competition at a relatively low level. However, a smaller group of pines (20%) had recently faced increasing competition. In addition, stand structure analyses indicated a change towards a higher proportion of oak. This change in the competitive ability between oak and pine was found to be related to drought, in that oak had a competitive advantage in dry years. Furthermore, the high proportion of dead branches in pines with decreasing competitive abilities indicated increasing competition for light as a consequence of natural development towards a later successional stage that favours the more shade-tolerant oak. The new retrospective dynamic competition index proved to be promising in studying forest succession. The tree-ring based method allows us to identify changes in the competitive ability of single trees with a high temporal resolution and without repeated assessments.  相似文献   

11.
Climate change resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and shortages of fossil fuels such as petroleum are major problems worldwide. Under these conditions, demand for woody biomass resources is increasing. We investigated the feasibility of using fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis for material production. Samples of E. grandis were collected from four plantations in different latitude divisions, including tropical and subtropical Brazil and subtropical Argentina. Various xylem qualities were measured and related to the lateral growth rate. Lateral growth rate did not significantly affect the longitudinal released strain of the surface growth stresses or the xylem density at any of the sampling sites. Higher lateral growth rate, higher values of xylem density, and lower absolute values of the released strain were observed in plantations closer to the equator. Higher growth rates in tropical climate promote longer fiber length. In subtropical plantations, smaller diameter trees will produce tension wood with smaller microfibril angles. Planting E. grandis closer to the equator thus produces higher quality wood than in plantations at lower latitudes.  相似文献   

12.
Webb  Michael J.  Reddell  Paul  Hambleton  Alison  Robson  Ken 《New Forests》2000,20(2):193-211
  相似文献   

13.
The potential benefits of species mixture were investigated using pair-wise comparisons of four timber tree species in northern Viet Nam. Chukrasia tabularis, Canarium album, Michelia mediocris and Eucalyptus urophylla were grown in monocultures and in pair-wise mixtures. The trial was established as a randomized block design with each treatment replicated four times. Volume production gain or loss in mixtures was assessed by calculating a mixture index, which is defined as Relative Yield Total (RYT). At age 48 months, the trial indicated mixed performance with both positive and negative impacts of growing some species in mixtures compared to monocultures. The largest gain was shown in the mixture of a shade-intolerant species, Chukrasia with a more shade-tolerant species, Michelia (47% gain in relative yield), and Eucalyptus with Michelia (45% gain in relative yield) at the first 38 months. The other three mixtures tested, and which were not successful (i.e. had lower relative yields) at 38 months, was the mixture of all shade-intolerant species, including Chukrasia with Canarium, Canarium with Eucalyptus and Chukrasia with Eucalyptus. This suggests that species with different shade tolerances can form complementary pair-wise mixtures, but this changed significantly (P < 0.05) over the following 10 months. At age 48 months the RYT of Chukrasia with Michelia increased by 12%, those of Michelia with Eucalyptus decreased by 20% at 48 months compared to 38 months, suggesting that Eucalyptus should be thinned at around year 5 years. Likewise, the RYT of Michelia with Canarium declined significantly by 23% at 48 months. The RYT of other tested mixtures remained almost unchanged over time.  相似文献   

14.
[目的]随着全球O_3浓度升高,O_3胁迫对植物影响的研究已成为研究的热点之一。我国的相关研究较少,主要以农作物为主,且大多局限在北方地区。本研究探讨O_3胁迫下,亚热带三种楠木幼苗光合作用的变化规律及其可见伤害症状,以期为后续研究提供理论依据。[方法]以一年生亚热带乡土树种桢楠、闽楠和刨花楠幼苗为材料,采用开顶式气室(OTCs),研究低浓度O_3、环境大气、100 n L·L-1O_3、150 n L·L-1O_3处理对光合作用的影响及伤害症状。[结果]研究表明:(1)O_3胁迫下,三种楠木幼苗的光合作用受到一定的抑制,气孔导度和净光合速率的相关性降低,对光合有效辐射的利用范围整体减小,出现了明显的光抑制现象。O_3浓度越高,对桢楠和刨花楠光合作用的抑制效果越明显,而100 n L·L-1O_3处理对闽楠光合作用的抑制效果较150 n L·L-1O_3处理明显。环境大气中的O_3浓度均值较低,但由于其较高的O_3浓度峰值,仍对三种楠木幼苗的光合作用产生了一定的抑制。与环境大气相比,低浓度O_3处理通过消除较高的O_3浓度峰值从而缓解了O_3对光合作用的不利影响。(2)O_3胁迫下,桢楠叶片出现褪绿、黄斑和坏死斑的症状,闽楠叶片出现褪绿、黄斑和水渍的症状,刨花楠叶片出现红褐色斑、水渍、坏死斑、卷曲皱缩、失水萎蔫的症状。三种楠木幼苗叶片的伤害症状随O_3浓度的增加而更明显。[结论]三种楠木幼苗叶片的光合作用均受到O_3的抑制,并出现了伤害症状,可作为O_3污染的指示树种。光合作用对O_3敏感性的关系为:刨花楠闽楠桢楠,其中刨花楠对O_3更敏感,伤害症状也较多样,因此指示O_3污染的效果更好。  相似文献   

15.
Altered fire regimes and increased drought can lead to major vegetation changes, especially in ecotones. A decrease in fire can lead to woody species encroachment in prairies and increasing forest stand density. The threat of global climate change raises questions about potential increases in the length, severity, and incidence of droughts substantially altering species composition. Re-measured upland forests in south-central North America's midcontinent forest-prairie ecotone exhibited major changes in woody species composition and structure over fifty years and successional trajectories appeared to favor invasive Juniperus virginiana L. over the previous dominant Quercus species. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate and fire exclusion affected the recruitment history of dominant woody species in these upland forests located near the xeric western edge of the eastern deciduous forest biome of North America. We removed cores and cross-sections from 992 J. virginiana, Quercus marilandica Münchh. and Q. stellata Wangenh. trees from eleven forest stands located across central and northwest Oklahoma, and determined their ages using standard dendrochronological methods. Recruitment of all species increased following a severe mid-20th century drought, but a rapid increase in J. virginiana recruitment and decrease in Quercus recruitment appeared to be linked to a decrease in fire. Future fire regime changes and increased drought due to global climate change could lead to widespread shifts from Quercus- to Juniperus- dominated forests and cause substantial changes to ecosystem services.  相似文献   

16.
Some Eucalyptus species are widely used as a plantation crop in tropical and subtropical regions. One reason for this is the diversity of end uses, but the main reason is the high level of wood production obtained from commercial plantings. With the advancement of biotechnology it will be possible to expand the geographical area in which eucalypts can be used as commercial plantation crops, especially in regions with current climatic restrictions. Despite the popularity of eucalypts and their increasing range, questions still exist, in both traditional planting areas and in the new regions: Can eucalypts invade areas of native vegetation, causing damage to natural ecosystems biodiversity?The objective of this study it was to assess whether eucalypts can invade native vegetation fragments in proximity to commercial stands, and what factors promote this invasive growth. Thus, three experiments were established in forest fragments located in three different regions of Brazil. Each experiment was composed of 40 plots (1 m2 each one), 20 plots located at the border between the forest fragment and eucalypts plantation, and 20 plots in the interior of the forest fragments. In each experimental site, the plots were paired by two soil exposure conditions, 10 plots in natural conditions and 10 plots with soil exposure (no plant and no litter). During the rainy season, 2 g of eucalypts seeds were sown in each plot, including Eucalyptus grandis or a hybrid of E. urophylla × E. grandis, the most common commercial eucalypt species planted in the three region. At 15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after sowing, we assessed the number of seedlings of eucalypts and the number of seedlings of native species resulting from natural regeneration. Fifteen days after sowing, the greatest number of eucalypts seedlings (37 m−2) was observed in the plots with lower luminosity and exposed soil. Also, for native species, it was observed that exposed soil improved natural germination reaching the highest number of 163 seedlings per square meter. Site and soil exposure were the factors that have the greatest influence on seed germination of both eucalypt and native species. However, 270 days after sowing, eucalypt seedlings were not observed at any of the three experimental sites. The result shows the inability of eucalypts to adapt to condition outside of their natural range. However, native species demonstrated their strong capacity for natural regeneration in forest fragments under the same conditions where eucalypts were seeded.  相似文献   

17.
Large-scale restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (USA) under federal incentive programs, begun in the 1990s, initially achieved mixed results. We report here on a comparison of four restoration techniques in terms of survival, accretion of vertical structure, and woody species diversity. The range of treatment intensity allowed us to compare native recolonization to direct seeding and planting of Quercus nuttallii Palmer, and to an intensive treatment of interplanting two species that differed in successional status (early successional Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh. ssp. deltoides, with the mid-successional Q. nuttallii). Native recolonization varied in effectiveness by block but overall provided few woody plants. All active restoration methods (planting and direct seeding) were successful in terms of stocking. Populus grew larger than Quercus, reaching canopy closure after 2 years and heights after 2 and 5 years of 6 and 12.7 m, respectively. Planted Quercus were significantly larger than direct seeded Quercus in all years, but only averaged 1.4 m in height after 5 years. Interplanting did not seem to facilitate development of the Quercus seedlings. The early success of the interplanting technique demonstrated that environmental benefits can be obtained quickly by more intensive efforts. Native recolonization can augment active interventions if limitations to dispersal distance are recognized. These results should provide landowners and managers with the confidence to use techniques of varying intensity to restore ecosystem functions.  相似文献   

18.
Because of their high growth rate and tolerance to bare soil, two exotic Acacia species, Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium, have been commonly planted in degraded areas of South China. With their large canopies and ability to fix nitrogen, the two Acacia species have also been considered to act as nurse plants for understory plants. The current study clarified the nursing effects of the Acacia species by comparing microclimate characteristics and physiological traits of native plant seedlings at three sites: under the canopies of the each Acacia species and on bare land (open site). Although the sites were not replicated, the results indicated that adult trees of both Acacia species can facilitate native species, but that A. mangium has greater facilitating effects due to greater temperature buffering, radiation reduction, and nutrient amelioration. In response to facilitation, three species (Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei, and Manglietia glauca) with different shade-tolerant traits growing under Acacia canopies expressed distinct adaptations. For the three species, the chlorophyll fluorescence curves of rETR and ΔF/Fm′ were higher under A. auriculiformis and on the open site than under A. mangium. The maximum quantum yield in PSII(Fv/Fm) in diurnal changes of the three species showed that all the Fv/Fm values were between 0.70 and 0.84 and that the Fv/Fm values were mostly higher under A. mangium than on the open site or under A. auriculiformis. Total chlorophyll content and both chlorophyll a and b contents in the three species were higher under the Acacia species than on the open site, while chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher on the open site. In contrast, the carotenoid content in C. hystrix and M. macclurei was lower under the two Acacia species than on the open site, while the opposite was true for M. glauca. The results demonstrate that the adaptation of the understory species to abiotic environmental factors is not restricted to a single mechanism but apparently involves a group of interrelated, adaptive suites. And also these adaptations were species-specific and especially related to their shade tolerance.  相似文献   

19.
The leaf dynamics of two early (Alnus nepalensis and Schima khasiana) and three late (Machilus kingii, Quercus dealbata and Q. griffithii) successional tree species of a subtropical humid, evergreen, montane forest at Upper Shillong (1900 m) in north-eastern India has been studied using demographic techniques. The open-grown early successional species show greater leaf production and higher turnover rate than the open-grown late successional species. The latter, under forest situations, have still slower turnover rates but with leaves of several age groups. It is suggested that the early successional species are attuned to environments of temporary resource availability while the late successional species are adapted to the relatively predictable but highly competitive environments of closed forests.  相似文献   

20.
采用自制潮汐模拟系统培养红树植物老鼠簕幼苗,设置7个相对于自然光5％、15％、20％、45％、60％、75％、100％的光照强度,研究了不同光强对老鼠簕幼苗从发芽至生长10个月的生理生态影响.随着光照强度的升高,幼苗的保存率、苗高、地径、根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量、单株生物量、根冠比、根系活力、叶面积、叶绿素a、b含量均是先升后降;可溶性糖含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、最大净光合速率随光强增大而增加.在淹浸30 min内,不同光照强度的净光合速率均有增大的表现,而气孔导度均降低,且最终均稳定在初始值以下.试验表明:光照强度为45％时,多数生理生态指标表现为促进植物的生长;当光照强度为20％时,老鼠簕幼苗通过降低根冠比、光补偿点,增加苗高、叶绿素含量、叶面积和表观量子利用效率来提高自身光能获取的效率;当光照强度为5％时,光照会显著抑制幼苗的生长,但保存率依然在60％以上.可以认为,极低的光照强度致使幼苗生长缓慢,但并不影响其自然定居的密度;同时,在不同光强下,老鼠簕光饱和点和光补偿点均很低.以上可以解释淇澳岛红树林林下存在高密度老鼠簕的原因是由于其自身拥有高的耐阴能力,同时对光照减弱有极强的适应能力.  相似文献   

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