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分析和讨论了生态土地分类和我国立地分为的不同点。生态土地分类属于土地分类中的分布学途径，以景观生态学为指导思想，分类原则强调土地的综合性，不同的分类等级在地域上是有密切联系的。 相似文献
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随着社会经济的发展,人口与土地资源的矛盾变得越来越突出,已经成为制约城市经济进一步发展的桎梏。泉州市在社会经济快速发展的同时面临着土地资源严重紧缺的问题,亟需对其市域土地承载力进行研究,并以此指导城市的发展。本文从生态敏感性的视角出发,通过对泉州市域的生态用地和城建用地的划分,以保护生态用地为前提,对其生态用地规模和城市用地规模进行测算,最后分别按照国际和国内两种指标计算其土地资源承载力。 相似文献
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文章从国土、林业2个部门的历史着手,阐述国土与林业的土地分类,分析他们在土地管理工作中存在的问题,提出一些解决办法。 相似文献
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辽东山区生态土地分类中的植物群落数量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用TWINSPAN分类和PCA、CCA排序的方法对辽东山区样方数据进行植物群落数量分析.结果表明;分类和排序是分析植被与环境关系的有效途径.CCA指示了植物群落与环境因子之间的相关关系.MRPP检验表明,特定的植物群落和环境因子的组合是客观存在的,这种特定的组合构成了特定的生态系统单元.本研究共得到6种群落类型,能够基本指示研究区潜在的植被类型,可用于表征生态土地分类中分类单元的植被类型.制约辽东山区森林群落类型、植物种分布格局的主要因素是坡向、坡度的变化,可将其作为生态土地分类的依据. 相似文献
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波兰结合土地整理的乡村景观分析系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从传统农业到现代农业的转变使得波兰不得不进行土地整理，但同时也危及到乡村景观的独特文化和美学价值。在这样的情况下，波兰提出了一个为乡村土地开发而建立的景观分析系统。 相似文献
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指出了活水公园是我国第一个将水生态处理系统融入景观设计的实践案例。阐述了活水公园的设计源起、景观特色和使用状况,介绍了公园核心的人工湿地生态净水系统及公园的影响与推广,论述了公园在公众参与、场地设计、地域文化表达、生态技术应用、示范型景观营造以及设计过程6个方面对我国当代景观的借鉴意义,以期为我国风景园林建设提供参考。 相似文献
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生物多样性的研究及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生物多样性是指一定空间（或地域）范围内多种多样生物体有规律结合在一起的总称,是生物之间以及与其生存环境之间复杂的相互关系的体现,是生物及其环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程和它们与生存环境形成的复杂生态系统。生物多样性的研究层次（水平）较多,一些学者认为意义重大的主要有基因（或遗传）、物种、生态系统和景观等4个层次,另一些学者甚至还认为应增加生物圈。生物多样性是人类赖以生存和经济可持续发展的物质基础,是与人类社会持续发展息息相关的最重要因素和人类生活、社会文明程度的一个重要衡量尺度。… 相似文献
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小流域以集水区划分,是一个相对独立的自然生态系统,亦是山区农林牧生产作业安排与土地规划的基础。小流域资源优化配置涉及到土地、劳力、资金等生产要素在微观地域单元内的合理利用与组合。本文就这3个方面的优化配置进行了分析,最后利用影子价格理论对其机制问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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阐述了生态设计的概念及其尊重地域文化、尊重土地、尊重过程的特征,园林绿化对城市景观的作用,分别从城郊绿地、公园绿地、行道树、绿色斑块和绿色走廊5个方面论述了生态园林建设的途径. 相似文献
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Stephen G. Perz 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,63(3):263-279
This paper focuses on agricultural diversity, a key property of agroforestry systems, and examines the influences of household
asset endowments. The analysis addresses a debate between ‘differential motivation’ and ‘ differential capacity’ arguments
concerning the importance of asset inequality for agricultural diversification among rural households in developing regions.
I draw on data from a survey of small farm colonists in the Brazilian Amazon to assess components and measures of agricultural
diversity, and to model those diversity measures using indicators of household asset endowments. The results indicate that
agricultural diversification is modest in the study site, but varies among households, as do asset endowments. Models of agricultural
production and income diversity indicate that agricultural diversity primarily reflects labor endowments, though certain types
of capital are also important. These findings bear implications for research on agricultural diversity in other contexts,
and for policies aiming to promote ‘productive conservation’ by compatibilizing poverty reduction, economic development and
environmental sustainability. 相似文献
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呼伦贝尔沙地研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从呼伦贝尔沙地形成、演化、沙物质来源以及现代沙漠化特征和植被恢复技术等方面综合论述了呼伦贝尔沙地研究的现状及其治理对策等问题,认为实现呼伦贝尔沙地的逆转还需要相当长的时间和努力。 相似文献
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Vahid Nasiri Ali.A.Darvishsefat Reza Rafiee Anoushirvan Shirvany Mohammad Avatefi Hemat 《林业研究》2019,(3):943-957
Temporal land use/land cover (LULC) change information provides a variety of applications for informed management of land resources. The aim of this study was to detect and predict LULC changes in the Arasbaran region using an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov Chain analysis. At the first step, multi-temporal Landsat images (1990, 2002 and 2014) were processed using ancillary data and were classified into seven LULC categories of high density forest, low-density forest, agriculture, grassland, barren land, water and urban area. Next, LULC changes were detected for three time profiles, 1990–2002, 2002–2014 and 1990–2014. A 2014 LULC map of the study area was further simulated (for model performance evaluation) applying 1990 and 2002 map layers. In addition, a collection of spatial variables was also used for modeling LULC change processes as driving forces. The actual and simulated 2014 LULC change maps were cross-tabulated and compared to ensure model simulation success and the results indicated an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 97.79% and 0.992, respectively. Having the model properly validated, LULC change was predicted up to the year 2025. The results demonstrated that 992 and 1592 ha of high and lowdensity forests were degraded during 1990–2014,respectively, while 422 ha were added to the extent of residential areas with a growth rate of 17.58 ha per year. The developed model predicted a considerable degradation trend for the forest categories through 2025, accounting for 489 and 531 ha of loss for high and low-density forests, respectively. By way of contrast, residential area and farmland categories will increase up to 211 and 427 ha, respectively. The integrated prediction model and customary area data can be used for practical management efforts by simulating vegetation dynamics and future LULC change trajectories. 相似文献
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Conversion of native forest ecosystem to cropland has considerably degraded the soil nutrient levels in the Bale Mountains, south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. This study investigated the effects of land use change through conversion of native forest to cropland and/or grazing land on soil pH (H2O), base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), CEC and percentage base saturation (PBS) in three adjacent land-use types: cropland, grazing land and native forest. A total of 108 soil samples (3 replications × 3 land-use types × 4 profiles × 3 soil depth layers, 0–0.2, 0.2–0.4 and 0.4–1.0 m) were collected for laboratory analyses. Results showed that soil pH, Na+ and K+, CEC, and PBS varied significantly with respect to land use and soil depth while Ca2+and Mg2+ varied with soil depth (ρ < 0.05). Conversion of native forest ecosystem to cropland during a 15-year period significantly increased soil pH and PBS while reducing Na+ and K+. The CEC in the cropland was reduced by 37.7% (2.6% per annum) compared to the native forest, which could be attributed to the decline in organic matter concentrations. If such rapid declines in soil nutrient concentrations continue unabated, the soils will reach at the point of no return within a few decades. Although the effect of grazing on most of the properties was found to be minimal, adapting the number of stock to the carrying capacity of the land and thereby enhancing the natural regeneration, combined with proper cropland management practices could help restoring soil nutrients for sustainable agricultural production and ecosystem functions. 相似文献
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Sibylle K. Hassler Beate Zimmermann Michiel van BreugelJefferson S. Hall Helmut Elsenbeer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(10):1634-1642
Landscapes in the humid tropics are undergoing a continuous change in land use. Deforestation is still taking its toll on forested areas, but at the same time more and more secondary forests emerge where formerly agricultural lands and pastures are being abandoned. Regarding soil hydrology, the extent to which secondary succession can recover soil hydrological properties disturbed by antecedent deforestation and pasture use is yet poorly understood. We investigated the effect of secondary succession on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) at two soil depths (0-6 and 6-12 cm) using a space-for-time approach in a landscape mosaic in central Panama. The following four land-use classes were studied: pasture (P), secondary forest of 5-8 years of age (SF5), secondary forest of 12-15 years of age (SF12) and secondary forest of more than 100 years of age (SF100), each replicated altogether four times in different micro-catchments across the study region. The hydrological implications of differences in Ks in response to land-use change with land use, especially regarding overland flow generation, were assessed via comparisons with rainfall intensities.Recovery of Ks could be detected in the 0-6 cm depth after 12 years of secondary succession: P and SF5 held similar Ks values, but differed significantly (α = 0.05) from SF12 and SF100 which in turn were indistinguishable. Variability within the land cover classes was large but, due to sufficient replication in the study, Ks recovery could be detected nonetheless. Ks in the 6-12 cm depth did not show any differences between the land cover classes; only Ks of the uppermost soil layer was affected by land-use changes. Overland flow - as inferred from comparisons of Ks with rainfall intensities - is more likely on P and SF5 sites compared to SF12 and SF100 for the upper sample depth; however, generally low values at the 6-12 cm depth are likely to impede vertical percolation during high rainfall intensities regardless of land use.We conclude that Ks can recover from pasture use under secondary succession up to pre-pasture levels, but the process may take more than 8 years. In order to gain comprehensive understanding of Ks change with land use and its hydrological implications, more studies with detailed land-use histories and combined measurements of Ks, overland flow, precipitation and throughfall are essential. 相似文献
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人工林地力衰退研究现状与进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了国内外人工林地力衰退的历史背景和现状,从人工林群落结构、土壤微生物种群区系、土壤理化性质和生化特性,栽培措施等方面分析了导致人工林地力衰退的原因,提出了调整林分结构,保护林下植被、混交,林地施肥和土壤改良、科学营林等措施防止地力衰退;概述了人工林地力衰退的研究进展和今后研究方向。 相似文献
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LI Weichang DENG HuafengResearch Institute of Forestry Policy Information. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Beijing . China eiiine Forestrv Universuty. Beiiine . China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2003,(4)
Application of participatory approaches in governmental forestry projects is a bran-new forestry design method. The purpose is to plan the utilization of land correctly, and to determine planting sites, planting species, participating households and management models, based on the projects' requirements and the farmers' demands. Participatory approaches are now practiced in some of the counties in Land Conversion Project. The paper presents the significance and necessity of practicing community mechanism and participatory approach in governmental forestry projects. The author consider that in case the participatory approach of community forestry is widely applied in the governmental forestry projects and activities, the enthusiasm of rural communities and farmers to plant and to protect forest will be inspired, and it is an undoubted drive to sustainable utilization of forest resources. The author also discusses the possibility of applying participatory approaches in the planning stage of Land Conversio 相似文献
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摸清自然保护区的土地利用现状,可以更好地加强自然保护区的建设和管理。文章通过对四川省林业自然保护区的土地利用状况进行分析统计,对自然保护区监测管理工作提出了优化合理布局、完善功能区划、减少人为影响、提高林地质量和加大保护力度等建议。 相似文献
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竹林等不同治理模式下坡耕地的土壤水分物理性质特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对坡耕地竹园、茶园、柑橘、板栗和板栗退耕等5种不同治理模式的土壤水分物理性质的特征进行定位研究,研究表明:(1)枝叶繁茂的竹林的土壤容重小于茶园、板栗林间作、板栗退耕和柑橘林等林地相应土层的容重。并且各区土壤容重也都呈现出随土层深度的增加,土壤容重增大的趋势。(2)各试验模式土壤孔隙度和土壤非毛管孔隙度均表现出随土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低的趋势,但板栗间作模式的土壤孔隙度则表现为随土壤深度的增加而增加的变化动态。(3)土壤的含水量的变化与月降雨量的分配情况有明显的正相关关系,降雨量大的月份其土壤含水量就高,降雨量少的月份其土壤含水量就相对较低。(4)同一种林型0~60 cm土层范围内土壤含水量随土壤深度的增加而增加,竹园的土壤含水量明显高于其它类型林地的土壤含水量。 相似文献