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《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2008,29(12):47-48
猪料中科学添加一些廉价矿物添加剂可起到促生长、防猪病、省饲粮、降成本、提高养猪经济效益的作用。如膨润土（白黏土）、沸石、麦饭石等都含有钙、磷、铜、铁等十多种猪生长需要的矿物元素,具有防病功效。 相似文献
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磷是动物必需的一种矿物元素,在体内发挥着重要作用。猪和禽等单胃动物由于体内很少有分解植酸磷的酶,大量的植酸磷不能被利用而从粪便中排出。我国水域污染比较严重,而猪和禽等粪便中排出的磷又加重了对土壤和水源的污染。据报道,目前世界上每年至少有100万t磷随废水排放出来，其中30％以上是养猪业所为。排放到土壤中的磷，不仅不能在土壤中渗透和扩散，还能与铜、铝、钙等元素形成不溶性复合物保留在土壤中。 相似文献
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磷是各种畜禽必不可少的矿物元素之一,如果日粮中缺乏磷,会导致畜禽生长发育缓慢,出现骨骼病变,生产性能下降,饲料转化率降低等一系列变化。畜禽常用的植物性饲料中约有60％～80％的磷是以植酸磷的形式存在,并且由于猪、鸡等单胃动物体内缺乏内源植酸酶系统,不能充分利用植酸磷中的磷,约2/3 相似文献
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矿物质元素在动物体内存在的量小,但是这些养分对繁殖方面的影响是不容忽视的.本文对近年来矿物质元素中钙、磷、锌、铜、碘、锰、硒在牛羊猪等繁殖性能方面的研究进行综述,以期通过合理的利用矿物元素来提高动物的繁殖性能. 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2014,(11):60-60
1矿物元素
骨骼和肢蹄发育对于长期饲养的繁殖母猪是非常重要的,因为肢蹄问题导致的母猪淘汰在很多猪场是非常普遍的。因此日粮钙磷水平需要高于肥育猪,通常后备母猪日粮钙磷的水平需达到0.80%的钙,0.70%的总磷或0.40%有效磷;生产母猪日粮钙磷水平保证至少0.90%的钙,0.80%的总磷或0.45%的有效磷。 相似文献
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植酸酶产生菌的筛选及诱变选育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
植酸酶是一种能将饲料中植酸磷水解成无机磷和肌醇的新型单胃动物饲料添加剂，主要应用于猪、鸡、鸭及水产养殖类动物，应用范围广、需求量大，是当前研究热点之一。饲料中添加植酸酶，可提高磷的利用率，同时破坏植酸与矿物元素及蛋白质的亲和力，提高矿物元素生物利用率和蛋白质的消化率，使动物体内的酶恢复其原有活性，提高饲料效率。由于减少无机磷的添加量，可缓解动物排泄物中磷对环境的污染。 目前的研究表明，利用微生物发酵技术生产植酸酶，是获得大量稳定而高效的植酸酶的主要途径，有些国家已利用工业发酵法进行了商业化植酸酶… 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(4)
本试验旨在研究低磷饲粮中添加不同浓度的植酸酶对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和粪便中矿物元素排泄量的影响。试验选用112头初始重为35~40 kg的健康长×大二元杂交生长猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复7头生长猪。阳性对照组饲喂常磷饲粮,阴性对照组饲喂低磷饲粮,试验组在低磷饲粮基础上分别添加500、1 000 U/kg的植酸酶。结果表明:相比于不添加植酸酶的低磷饲粮组,低磷饲粮+植酸酶组显著提高了生长猪的日增重、降低了耗料增重比(P0.05),显著提高了灰分和磷的表观消化率、苯丙氨酸和半胱氨酸的表观消化率(P0.05),显著提高了铜、铁、锰、镁和钴的表观消化率(P0.05),显著降低了粪便中磷、铜、铁、锰和钴的排泄量(P0.05)。由此可知,玉米-豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶能够显著改善生长猪的生长性能、提高养分表观消化率、减少粪便中矿物元素的排泄量;在本试验条件下,生长猪饲喂有效磷2.4 g/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮时,添加500 U/kg植酸酶可达到与常磷饲粮相同的生长性能,添加1 000 U/kg植酸酶时养分表观消化率提高更明显。 相似文献
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猪粪的不合理施用导致土壤中磷素大量积累,引起一系列环境问题。研究磷富集植物在猪粪条件下的磷积累变化特征,可以为提取土壤中过量的磷提供理论依据。以矿山生态型粗齿冷水花为研究对象,非矿山生态型为对照,设置猪粪有机肥用量为50 g/kg,开展土培盆栽试验。结果表明:1)猪粪有机肥施用下,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部和整株生物量随生长时期的延长均在13周最高,且矿山生态型显著高于非矿山生态型(P<0.05),分别为非矿山生态型的1.43~2.26倍和1.41~2.20倍。2)粗齿冷水花地上部和整株阶段性磷积累速率均在9~11周最大。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部和整株磷积累量均显著高于非矿山生态型(P<0.05),13周时其地上部和整株磷积累量分别达105.21和119.50 mg/株。3)猪粪有机肥的施用提高了土壤有效磷含量、酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性。随生长时期的延长,粗齿冷水花根际酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性均在11周最高,矿山生态型根际植酸酶活性显著高于非矿山生态型。猪粪有机肥施用下,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花生长状况和磷积累能力均强于非矿山生态型,其根际较高的酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性提高了土壤中磷素的生物有效性,促进了矿山生态型对磷的吸收积累。 相似文献
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Feeding sodium arsanilate for exciting diarrhea and identifying carriers of swine dysentery. 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sodium arsanilate was fed to nondiarrhetic swine, previously exposed to and treated for swine dysentery, for the purpose of inducing them into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea. From 40 to 100% of these swine in each pen had previously had a swine dysentery diarrhea. The isolate of Treponema hyodysenteriae in the diced colon which was used to expose the swine was resistant to sodium arsanilate. After an interim of no treatment for swine dysentery, sodium arsanilate was fed at a level of 220 parts per million for 21 days. Of the 14 pens containing swine fed sodium arsanilate, ten pens had one or more swine that developed a swine dysentery diarrhea while being fed sodium arsanilate. This was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than the three pens that each had one pig that developed a swine dysentery diarrhea of 13 pens containing similar swine not fed sodium arsanilate during a comparable period. In the 14 pens containing swine fed sodium arsanilate, 14 swine were the first to develop a swine dysentery diarrhea since in four pens, two swine in each pen developed diarrhea within 24 hours of each other. This also was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the three swine in the ten pens not fed sodium arsanilate. From these results, it was theorized that sodium arsanilate excited the nondiarrhetic carrier into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea and that this phenomenon may have potential in identifying the carrier state. 相似文献
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Two trials were conducted with 15 wethers surgically equipped with duodenal and ileal cannulas to study the utilization of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn from swine waste and broiler litter. For each trial, animals were fed a low-P basal diet until serum inorganic P averaged 5.5 mg/dl; then they were allotted at random to the following 50% DM ensiled diets: low-P basal, basal + swine waste, basal + broiler litter, basal + dicalcium phosphate and basal + soybean meal. Each trial consisted of a 7-d preliminary period, a 7-d collection of feces and urine and 6-d sampling of duodenal and ileal digesta and feces. Apparent P absorption was not different (P greater than .05) between sheep fed waste-supplemented diets (37%) and those fed the conventionally supplemented diets (28%). Phosphorus absorption, calculated by difference, tended (P less than .1) to be higher from the waste supplements (59%) than from dicalcium phosphate and soybean meal (37%). Less (P less than .05) Ca was absorbed from the waste diets (.62 g/d) than from the conventional diets (1.28 g/d). More (P less than .05) Cu (mg/d) was absorbed from the waste diets, but no difference was found when absorption was expressed as percentage of intake. Broiler litter and swine waste were good sources of available P and Mg for ruminants. 相似文献
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DeRoucheys JM Goodband RD Nelssen JL Tokach MD Dritz SS Murphy JP 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(8):2051-2061
A total of 312 samples in two experiments were analyzed to determine mean nutrient concentrations of swine lagoons and hoop barns in Kansas. First, in a retrospective study (Exp. 1), we obtained 41 sample analyses from the Kansas Department of Agriculture of sow, nursery, wean-to-finish, finish, and farrow-to-finish operations in 1999. The average total N concentration was 899 ppm (SD = 584 ppm), while the total P concentration was 163 ppm (SD = 241 ppm). In an attempt to reduce the variation, we conducted a prospective experiment standardizing collection procedure, laboratory techniques, phase of production, and season of year to more accurately determine the nutrient concentrations of swine lagoons in Kansas. In Exp. 2, we used 236 lagoon and 35 hoop barn manure samples taken in 2000 from Kansas swine operations to determine the impacts of production phase and season of the year on nutrient concentration. The different operations with swine lagoons were: 1) sow; 2) nursery; 3) wean-to-finish; 4) finish; and 5) farrow-to-finish, with a total of 9, 8, 7, 10, and 8 lagoons sampled from each phase of production, respectively. The total N and P concentrations from lagoons were 1,402 and 204 ppm, respectively, averaged over all samples. Concentrations of total N were higher in wean-to-finish and finishing lagoons (P < 0.05) compared with sow and farrow-to-finish lagoons. Lagoon analyses also revealed that N concentrations decreased (linear, P < 0.05) during the summer and fall compared with winter and early spring. The concentration of P was greater (P < 0.05) for wean-to-finish compared with farrow-to-finish lagoons. Phosphorus concentrations for all lagoons increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) from February until June, but then declined steady throughout the remainder of the year. Average total N and P in hoop barns were 8,678 and 4,364 ppm, respectively. No seasonal changes in N and P concentrations were observed in manure from hoop barns. Season and type of production phase affect the nutrient content of Kansas swine lagoons, and producers will benefit from obtaining individual analyses from their lagoons when developing nutrient management plans rather than utilizing published reference values. 相似文献
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M. L. van der Leek J. B. Dame R. C. Littell S. S. Shin 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1993,16(4):279-293
Surveys for swine trichinellosis, conducted in Florida using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with a modified protocol for screening and Western blot as a definitive test, revealed significantly different seroprevalences of 0.3% (four of 1294 samples) and 2.8% (five of 179 samples) in domestic breeding swine and feral swine, respectively.
Seropositive swine were identified in four of 114 (3.5%) domestic swine herds and in three of six feral swine regions. The location of two domestic herds with seropositive swine within approximately 2 miles of one another, and adjacent to a region where a seropositive feral hog was identified, suggests that a focus of trichinellosis exists in this area. The occurrence of singleton reactors in domestic herds may be explained by the absence of the common modes of transmission and suggests that swine were infected incidentally by feeding on the infected carcasses of small wild mammals or rodents. Although the presence of Trichinella spiralis spiralis isolates cannot be excluded, it is more likely that a sylvatic Trichinella isolate occurs in Florida swine. This conclusion is supported by the low seroprevalence in domestic swine, the failure to detect larvae in domestic or feral swine and the high prevalence in Florida panthers. 相似文献
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逆向遗传学技术在猪瘟病毒研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
猪瘟是猪的最严重疾病之一,其病原 是猪瘟病毒,基因组为单股正链RNA。猪瘟 弱毒疫苗在猪瘟的免疫防治中发挥了巨大作 用,但由于弱毒疫苗免疫的动物不能从血清 学上与自然感染动物区分,使其应用受到很 大限制,研制标记疫苗是解决这个问题的重 要途径。由于RAN的结构不稳定成为阻碍 RNA病毒研究的主要障碍,所以病毒分子生 物学是新型猪瘟疫苗研究的必要手段。近年 来兴起的逆向遗传研究将RNA病毒的基因 组转化为cDNA,文章就猪瘟病毒逆向遗传 研究的意义、方法、概况及其在猪瘟新型疫苗 研究中的应用进行了全面综述。 相似文献
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Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests for detecting antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 C H Armstrong M J Freeman L Sands-Freeman M Lopez-Osuna T Young L J Runnels 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1983,47(4):464-470
Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were exposed to a broth culture of a low passage field isolate of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by intranasal inoculation. The intranasal-inoculated swine subsequently were commingled with their litter-mates to effect transmission via contact-exposure. Sera were collected from the swine at two to four week intervals for approximately one year postexposure and evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests. The intranasal-exposed swine seroconverted earlier, developed higher titers and remained indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation positive longer than the contact-exposed swine. It was concluded that the antibody response of intranasal-exposed swine was artificially high and that sera from such swine were not suitable for evaluating the sensitivity of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine serodiagnostic tests. The indirect hemagglutination test was relatively insensitive and technically cumbersome and the least promising as a practical field test. The complement fixation test appeared to be slightly more sensitive in detecting early antibody production (especially in contact-exposed swine) but it was the least sensitive in detecting late antibodies. The ELISA was generally the most sensitive procedure. Individual high ELISA titers were from ten to 32 times greater than maximum complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination titers. The most striking difference among the three tests was the persistence of high ELISA titers late in the study. All swine were ELISA positive at necropsy approximately one year postexposure despite the fact that lungs were devoid of lesions and culturally and immunofluorescent negative for M. hyopneumoniae. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟是养猪业的第一杀手,自1921年东非国家肯尼亚首先出现非洲猪瘟疫情以来,这个病毒已经在非洲亚洲欧洲等区域传播了近百年,对世界养猪业造成了无可估量的损失。我国于2018年8月在辽宁省沈阳市首次发生非洲猪瘟疫情,并在极短的时间内传遍全国,对我国养猪行业的发展产生了巨大的影响,养猪业在近2年时间里发生了极大的变化。文章采用TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR技术,阐述一种快速、准确的非洲猪瘟病毒检测方法,并结合非洲猪瘟传播感染途径的特点,制定科学的诊断程序与防控措施来保证养猪业的生产安全。 相似文献