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奶牛乳房炎致病型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究引起奶牛乳房炎的耐药性致病菌,本研究针对西安地区显性乳房炎奶样中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）进行系统研究。采用常规细菌学鉴定法对34头（次）荷斯坦牛76个乳区152份奶样的金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus）进行了分离培养,共检出92株阳性菌株,检出率为60.5%;对其进行S.aureus致病基因nuc的特异性PCR检测,共检出28株含nuc基因的阳性菌株,检出率为30.4%;进一步针对MRSA耐药基因mecA进行特异性PCR扩增,共检出5株MRSA,检出率为17.9%。研究结果为MRSA耐药菌的有效检测及奶牛乳房炎的治疗提供了指导。 相似文献
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对安徽某规模牧场随机采集的314份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、牛奶体细胞计数(SCC),并对分离比例较高的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)进行亚种鉴定及药敏试验。结果显示120个低体细胞数奶样(SCC25×104/mL)的细菌检出率只有8.3%,分离细菌为CNS;而194个高体细胞数奶样(SCC≥25×104/mL)细菌检出率高达72.2%,分离出的细菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、CNS、大肠杆菌、停乳链球菌等。其中CNS感染比例最高、为28.8%,主要包括松鼠葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、人型葡萄球菌等。乳腺内细菌感染可引起患病乳区SCC显著升高(P0.05),松鼠葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌感染也可引起SCC显著升高(P0.05),不同亚种的CNS对临床常用抗菌药物青霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素有较高的耐药率,分别为71.2%、53.8%和82.7%。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(8):1495-1500
为了解广东省部分地区奶牛乳房炎凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase negative Staphylococci,CNS)的毒力基因的分布情况和耐药现状,进而为奶牛乳房炎的防治提供依据。本试验对广东省部分地区奶牛场110份乳房炎奶样中分离出的40株CNS采用PCR方法检测毒力基因、耐药基因和耐消毒剂基因,K-B试纸片法检测药敏性。结果表明CNS毒力基因检测中检测率最高的为fnbp(17.5%),其次为seb(15%)和tsst(15%),毒力基因型复杂(15种)。耐药性检测中对链霉素、红霉素和青霉素G耐药率较高,对苯唑西林、头孢曲松和头孢唑啉较敏感,多重耐药率高(52.5%)。耐药基因检测率最高的为喹诺酮类基因qnrA/B/C/D(20%),耐药基因链霉素耐药表型主要由aac6-aph2介导,耐消毒剂基因检测率最高的为qacG(25%),耐药基因和耐消毒剂基因的基因组型复杂(14种)。 相似文献
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为指导江苏地区奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的临床用药,本研究对2015-2018年江苏地区部分奶牛场的牛奶样品进行细菌分离,使用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)方法和纸片法对分离菌株进行鉴定和药物敏感性分析,对分离得到的葡萄球菌进行了葡萄球菌D环实验,并且使用PCR技术检测了D环实验阳性菌株携带的耐药基因。结果显示:218株细菌鉴定为葡萄菌属细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌58株,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)160株;药敏试验表明,能耐三种以上药物的菌株占64.22%,耐药率最高的药物为青霉素,有82.11%分离菌株耐药,耐药率最低为头孢西丁,无分离菌株对其耐药;共有6株葡萄球菌分离株D环实验阳性,同时PCR结果显示,耐药基因D环实验阳性菌株携带的均为ermA基因。本研究为临床用药与研究菌株流行趋势提供可靠数据,对临床选择合适药物和奶牛乳房炎监测有重要意义。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(6)
为研究甘肃地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的耐药情况、基因型总体结构特征及毒力因子的分布情况,从甘肃省东、中和西部3个地区的3个县市采集41头罹患临床型乳房炎奶牛的93份乳样,采用鉴别培养基分离纯化细菌。采用K-B法对分离株进行耐药性分析,常规PCR方法检测mecA抗性基因和14种常见毒力基因以及多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)。结果显示,93份乳样中分离出28株金黄色葡萄球菌;分离株有不同程度的耐药且多为多重耐药(16株),多重耐药菌株占57.14%,未发现耐万古霉素菌株(VRSA),万古霉素敏感率为100%;28株分离菌中共检出mecA阳性11株,检出率为39.3%;共获得9个已知ST型;有12种毒力基因不同程度被检出,其中nuc、spa和coa检出率为100%,hlb、set1、clfA、FnBPA和seb阳性检出率均大于50%,sak、seg、PVL和sea的检出率依次为28.6%、7.9%、14.3%和21.4%,而FnBPB、hla基因未检出。研究结果可为甘肃省牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性评价、溯源分析和治疗提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(10)
为了解陕西省部分地区引起奶牛乳房炎的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase-negative Staphylococci,CNS)耐药性及耐药基因携带情况,采集陕西地区16个奶牛场88份临床型乳房炎奶样,分离得到29株CNS。采用KB药敏纸片法和PCR法分别检测并计算分离株表型耐药率与所携带相关耐药基因的阳性率,并比较两者的相符率。结果显示,分离的29株CNS对林可霉素表现出完全耐药,对青霉素、克拉霉素、磺胺异噁唑等7种药物的耐药率在65.5%以上,对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、多西环素等12种药物的耐药率为6.9%～55.2%。分离菌株还表现了较强的多重耐药性,其中93.1%的CNS分离菌株能耐5种以上的抗生素;分离的29株CNS耐药基因dfrG、Blaz、InuA、mecA阳性率为27.6%～55.2%,耐药基因msrB、ermC的阳性率小于20.7%,耐药表型与耐药基因型相符率为10.7%～85.7%。说明从陕西地区分离的CNS表现出不同程度的耐药性,且多为多重耐药,耐药基因与耐药表型的相符率比较低。研究结果为引起奶牛乳房炎的CNS防控提供了依据。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(24)
为了弄清楚宁夏地区奶牛临床型乳房炎主要病原菌的种类、分布情况及药物敏感性,为临床型乳房炎综合防治提供理论依据,对在宁夏地区部分奶牛场(牧场、奶牛养殖小区)采集的94份临床型乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:奶样中检出细菌170株、酵母样真菌18株,其中葡萄球菌48株(25.53%),链球菌6株(3.19%),其他革兰阳性球菌24株(12.77%),革兰阴性杆菌92株(48.94%)。15种药物的药敏试验结果表明:病原菌对链霉素、磺胺类、林可胺类药物均已产生不同程度的耐药性,而对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、头孢类药物则表现出较好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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为了解规模化奶牛场乳房炎源大肠杆菌耐药现状和耐药基因分布情况,试验对采自河南省部分规模化奶牛场感染乳房炎奶牛的852份乳汁样本进行大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与16S rRNA基因PCR鉴定,对分离的大肠杆菌菌株进行药敏试验及耐药基因检测。结果表明：共分离鉴定224株大肠杆菌,分离率为26.29%。分离菌株对11种抗生素均有不同程度耐药性,其中对恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、四环素、阿莫西林、阿米卡星耐药比较严重,耐药率为63.39%～82.14%;对头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药率相对较低,分别为22.32%、27.67%;对亚胺培南最敏感,耐药率为0。耐3种及以上抗生素菌株有193株,占86.16%。对不同奶牛场的85株大肠杆菌分离株进行耐药基因检测,共检测到11种耐药基因,未检出耐药基因tetM、blaVIM和blaNDM。酰胺醇类耐药基因floR携带率最高(为61.18%),喹诺酮类耐药基因oqxB(42.35%)、qnrS(44.71%)携带率和四环素类耐药基因tetA(30.59%)、tetB(38.82%)携带率相对较高,多重耐药基因检出率为51... 相似文献
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为更好防治大肠杆菌性奶牛乳房炎,笔者应用细菌分离纯化技术及PCR技术,对杭州市237份奶样进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定后,采用K-B法测定耐药表型,采用PCR方法检测Ⅰ、Ⅱ型整合酶及整合的耐药基因。结果从237份乳样中分离出大肠杆菌98株;分离菌对林可霉素,恩诺沙星,链霉素的耐药率分别为86.7%、85.7%和51.0%,多重耐药严重;其中,携带Ⅰ、Ⅱ型整合酶的菌株分别占59.2%(58/98)和4.1%(4/98);整合的耐药基因有Aad A、Aad B、APH、Dfr A以及glt B。研究结果为杭州地区开展奶牛乳房炎治疗工作提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(15)
为了解湖北地区鸡源大肠杆菌喹诺酮类耐药基因(PMQR)的流行现状与耐药表型的相关性,采用纸片扩散法对2014~2015年分离的54株鸡源大肠杆菌临床分离株进行7种喹诺酮类药物体外敏感性测定,通过PCR检测qnrA、qnrB、qnrS基因,对基因检测阳性株进行Ⅰ类整合子检测。结果:54株鸡源大肠杆菌对萘啶酸、依诺沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、左旋氧氟沙星耐药率分别为72.2%、53.7%、53.7%、51.8%、50.0%、44.4%和22.2%;54株鸡源大肠杆菌中,10株(18.5%)检出qnrA基因,未检出qnrB、qnrS基因,且qnrA基因阳性株Ⅰ类整合子为阳性。结果表明,湖北地区鸡源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的喹诺酮类药物耐药严重,且存在质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA的流行,而qnrA基因与Ⅰ类整合子具有相关性,应加强监测。 相似文献
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G C Coles 《Veterinary parasitology》1988,27(1-2):89-96
Benzimidazole- and levamisole-resistant Ostertagia circumcincta from sheep have been reported from several countries, but there are no reports of anthelmintic-resistant O. ostertagi in cattle, where resistance has been confirmed in controlled trials. The reasons for this may include (1) the biology of the worm, (2) avoidance of drug action by inhibition, (3) host metabolism of drugs, (4) less anthelmintic used in cattle than in sheep, (5) high costs of controlled trials, (6) lack of adequate in vitro tests to detect resistant worms and (7) lack of reporting of anthelmintic failures. Reduced efficacy of the anthelmintics levamisole and thiabendazole to adult O. ostertagi and of modern benzimidazoles to the inhibited L4 larvae has been reported in cattle. This latter effect might, in part, represent a stage-specific expression of resistance. Although anthelmintic resistance in O. ostertagi is not known to be a problem at present, it could potentially become a serious issue. 相似文献
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Catry B Laevens H Devriese LA Opsomer G De Kruif A 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2003,26(2):81-93
Antimicrobial resistance may become a major problem in veterinary medicine as a consequence of the intensive use and misuse of antimicrobial drugs. Related problems are now arising in human medicine, such as the appearance of multi-resistant food-borne pathogens. Product characteristics, dose, treatment interval and duration of treatment influence the selection pressure for antimicrobial drug resistance. There are theoretical, experimental and clinical indications that the emergence of de novo resistance in a pathogenic population can be prevented by minimizing the time that suboptimal drug levels are present in the infected tissue compartment. Until recently, attention has been focused on target pathogens. However, it should be kept in mind that when antimicrobial drugs are used in an individual, resistance selection mainly affects the normal body flora. In the long term, this is at least equally important as resistance selection in the target pathogens, as the horizontal transfer of resistance genes converts almost all pathogenic bacteria into potential recipients for antimicrobial resistance. Other factors contributing to the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance are the localization and size of the microbial population, and the age, immunity and contact intensity of the host. In livestock, dynamic herd-related resistance patterns have been observed in different animal species. 相似文献
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Anthelmintic resistance in sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G C Coles 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1986,2(2):423-432
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Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance 
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下载免费PDF全文 T. W. Maddox P. D. Clegg N. J. Williams G. L. Pinchbeck 《Equine veterinary journal》2015,47(6):756-765
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the continued successful use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections. While the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from man has been studied extensively, less work has been undertaken in companion animals, particularly horses. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a cause of infections, with a low prevalence of nasal carriage by horses in the community but higher for hospitalised horses. Molecular characterisation has shown methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains either to be predominantly of types associated with horses or of sequence type ST398. Antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli (including multidrug‐resistant and extended spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing isolates) have caused infections and been documented in faecal carriage by horses, with many significant resistance mechanisms identified. More sporadic reports and molecular characterisation exist for resistance in other bacteria such as enterococci, Salmonella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species. Limited work has been undertaken evaluating risk factors and much of the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses remains to be determined. 相似文献
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Vancraeynest D Hermans K Martel A Vaneechoutte M Devriese LA Haesebrouck F 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,101(4):245-251
Fifty-six Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered between 1998 and 2003 from 31 rabbit farms with and without problems of chronic staphylococcosis, were screened for resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracyclines using the agar dilution test. For penicillin, a disk diffusion test was also performed. The detection of tetP(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(T), tet(W), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C) and mec(A) genes was done via a PCR assay. Four isolates showed resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin. These isolates were positive for the erm(C) gene in the PCR. Eleven strains were resistant to tetracyclines and all harboured the tet(K) gene. In the agar dilution test, five isolates showed resistance to penicillin, whereas in the disk diffusion test 12 isolates showed resistance. None of these 12 resistant isolates carried the mec(A) gene. Only one strain showed resistance to gentamicin, and all strains were susceptible to enrofloxacin and neomycin. This study demonstrates that resistance to antimicrobial agents in S. aureus isolates originating from rabbits is relatively rare compared to resistance in S. aureus isolates originating from other animals and humans. 相似文献