共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为筛选可有效降低谷子株高、提高其抗倒伏能力的化控剂及其最佳喷施期,探讨不同化控剂对谷子生长发育和产量的影响,苗期和拔节期分别对嫩选17喷施4种化控剂(多效唑、缩节胺、矮壮素、烯效唑),于灌浆期和成熟期测定各处理植株干物质积累量、SPAD、净光合速率、茎秆特性以及产量构成等指标。结果表明：谷子苗期和拔节期喷施烯效唑、矮壮素、缩节胺、多效唑都能不同程度矮化植株,增加茎粗,提高抗倒伏能力,达到增产效果。其中,在苗期施用多效唑株高和节间长分别相比于CK降低6.76%,25.43%,苗期喷施矮壮素增加茎粗效果最显著,比CK增加22.89%,多效唑喷施处理下的谷子抗倒伏性最好,苗期喷施多效唑增产效果最显著,比CK增产17.51%;4种调节剂均能显著提高谷子叶片SPAD值及净光合速率,苗期喷施多效唑处理对SPAD值和净光合速率的提升效果最好,分别比CK提高了35.29%,30.37%;与CK相比,苗期喷施植物生长调节剂对谷子植株地上部干物质积累影响显著。喷施化控剂对谷子植株地上部干物质积累与CK相比影响不显著。总体来看,苗期喷施多效唑效果最好,可作为谷子高产栽培适宜的化控抗倒伏措施应用。 相似文献
2.
不同玉米品种在不同化控剂作用下产量的差异分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为不同玉米品种寻找出其最适的化控剂,以6 种不同的玉米杂交品种为主因素,以5 种不同的玉米化控剂处理为次因素,采用随机区组设计研究不同玉米品种在不同化控剂处理下各小区产量的变化情况。研究结果表明：‘协玉5 号’品种在化控剂处理下产量增加较其他品种显著,‘协玉3 号’品种不适合化控处理;玉黄金、矮壮素化控剂以及喷水处理并不能显著提高产量,高玉金对产量增加有负效应;同时,‘协玉4 号’、‘太玉339’品种喷矮壮素能提高产量,‘协玉5 号’、‘先玉335’品种喷玉黄金能增产。化控剂对提高玉米产量作用不明显,不同的玉米品种适用不同的化控剂。 相似文献
3.
烯效唑化控对玉豆间作大豆农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对玉豆间作大豆叶面喷施烯效唑化学调控,分析了烯效唑化控技术措施对大豆农艺性状及产量性状的影响,提出了适合宁夏灌区玉豆间作大豆喷施烯效唑的适宜浓度。试验结果表明:玉豆间作大豆分枝期喷施100mg/L的5%烯效唑可湿性粉剂溶液+大豆盛花期喷施150mg/L的5%烯效唑可湿性粉剂溶液,可以达到降低大豆植株高度、防止倒伏、保花增荚、增加单株粒数、增产增收的效果。 相似文献
4.
以良玉99、新丹336、宏硕899三种耐密基因型玉米为材料,喷施“玉黄金、铁杆大棒、金玉四宝、矮壮素”4种不同类型化控剂,研究不同化控剂对耐密基因型玉米农艺性状的影响。试验结果表明:喷施化控剂可以使玉米植株高度降低1.88%~6.51%、穗位高度降低1.63%~8.97%;且在丹东地区种植良玉99配合施用铁杆大棒产量增加1012.95kg·hm^-2,增幅8.90%;宏硕899配合喷施矮壮素产量增加1539.00kg·hm^-2,增幅14.81%;新丹336配合喷施玉黄金产量增加1220.40kg·hm^-2,增幅11.55%。 相似文献
5.
6.
化控剂对冬小麦植株性状及产量品质的调节效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
化学调控作为生产上有效的抗逆技术,可以调节作物生长过程,进而对作物产量构成及品质形成产生一定的影响。为探讨不同种类化控剂对冬小麦产量、品质形成以及植株性状的调控效应,在大田条件下,以遗传背景差异较大的冬小麦品种中麦8号和京冬8号为供试材料,在起身期选用不同种类的化学调控剂进行化控处理试验。结果表明,起身期喷施抗倒型吨田宝、多效唑和矮壮素均可以显著降低株高及重心高度,显著提高茎秆基部节间的抗折力、穿刺强度、抗压强度等力学特性,从而显著提高植株的抗倒伏能力。2个冬小麦品种对不同类型化控剂的响应存在一定差异,喷施抗逆型吨田宝可以提高中麦8号子粒产量,但喷施矮壮素、多效唑和抗倒型吨田宝后中麦8号子粒产量下降;而对京冬8号而言,本试验中4种化控剂均有利于提高其子粒蛋白质和贮藏蛋白含量、子粒产量及谷醇比,改善加工品质,如粉质参数和面筋指数。 相似文献
7.
8.
为不同玉米品种寻找出其最适的化控剂,以6 种不同的玉米杂交品种为主因素,以5 种不同的玉米化控剂处理为次因素,采用随机区组设计研究不同化控剂处理对玉米穗部性状与产量的影响。每个小区随机抽取10 穗考种,测其穗部性状,用其籽粒产量折算其群体产量。研究结果表明：在相同品种下,矮壮素较其他化控剂处理对穗部性状的影响显著,高玉金不适合对试验进行化控处理,产量与轴粗、穗粗和行粒数成正比关系;在不同化控剂处理下穗重、穗粒重与穗长与玉米群体产量密切相关,百粒重对品种的产量影响很小,‘协玉5 号’适合通过化控剂处理来提高穗部性状的表现。不同的玉米品种应采用不同的化控剂,没有一种化控剂可以同时满足各种品种。 相似文献
9.
化控和密度措施对东北春玉米叶片衰老及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
《华北农学报》2015,(4)
探讨不同种植密度条件下化控措施对玉米叶片衰老及产量的影响,为东北春玉米化控栽培增产提供理论和试验依据。选用东农253为玉米试验品种,设置5万,6万,7万,8万株/hm2这4个密度,在拔节期叶面喷施玉黄金(主要成分为胺鲜酯和乙烯利)。结果表明,7万株/hm2的种植密度条件下,玉黄金处理后的产量最高,达到13 290.95 kg/hm2。合理密植是获得高产的保障,化控剂的增产作用以密度增加为前提;随密度增加,清水处理株高逐渐增加,单株干质量降低,而玉黄金的使用降低了株高,增加了干质量,为获得高产创建了条件。随密度的增加,清水处理叶片SPAD值降幅增加,叶片的衰老程度增加,玉黄金处理后能增加叶片持绿性,延缓衰老。在叶片衰老过程中,清水处理随密度增加抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性降低,MDA含量增加,可溶性蛋白含量降低,玉黄金处理较清水处理抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性增强,MDA含量降低,可溶性蛋白含量增加。7万株/hm2密度处理下的相关分析和通径分析结果表明,各因子对叶片衰老的作用大小为:清水处理中MDA可溶性蛋白CATSODPOD,玉黄金处理中MDA可溶性蛋白SODPODCAT。在密植条件下,植物生长调节剂玉黄金的施用对增强玉米生育后期叶片抗衰老能力和提高玉米产量具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
11.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant density for maximum yield in Japan is usually from 16 to 25 plants m−2 . The objective of this study was to compare yield and yield components, especially node number between square- and zigzag- (an equilateral triangle-planting pattern or plants in the row offset from each other) planting patterns within a range of plant populations (16, 20 and 25 plants m−2 ).
Field experiments with cultivar Enrei (Maturity Group VII) were conducted in the field at Niigata University on a loamy sand soil in 1991, 1992 and 1993.
Yield increased as density decreased in 1991 and as density increased in 1992 and 1993. This result seemed to be due to adverse weather conditions during seed filling in 1991. Yield tended to be higher in zigzag- than in square-planting patterns except at 20 plants m−2 . Seed number m−2 due to increased yield was highly correlated with branch node number. The yield increase was caused by an increase in total node number, especially branch node number m−2 (about 60 % contribution at 16 plants m−2 and about 40 % contribution at 25 plants m−2 ). 相似文献
Field experiments with cultivar Enrei (Maturity Group VII) were conducted in the field at Niigata University on a loamy sand soil in 1991, 1992 and 1993.
Yield increased as density decreased in 1991 and as density increased in 1992 and 1993. This result seemed to be due to adverse weather conditions during seed filling in 1991. Yield tended to be higher in zigzag- than in square-planting patterns except at 20 plants m
12.
宁春50号是宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所育成的高产优质广适小麦新品种,用品种鉴定、品比试验、区试试验、生产试验以及大面积生产示范、农田生产等多年多点试验示范对该品种进行了产量形成及稳定性分析,以期为当前高产小麦育种栽培提供借鉴.结果表明,宁春50号较对照宁春4号表现出了较高的产量;宁春50号稳定性与宁春4号相当,在2007年区试中宁春50号丰产稳产性都高于宁春4号,在稳定性产量上还有提高的潜力;在不同区域条件下,宁春50号和宁春4号产量及产量构成变化幅度基本一致,变化幅度最大的为穗粒数,千粒重次之,穗数最低;宁春50号产量及产量构成平均值较宁春4号都高,表明宁春50号具有较好的遗传特性,增产潜力明显;产量达到8 000 kg/hm2以上,平均穗数达到669.8×10 4穗/hm2,平均穗粒数为30.9粒/穗,千粒重为42.8 g,在5 000 kg/hm2到1 000 kg/hm2产量水平变化过程中,穗数、千粒重都呈现明显的递增趋势,而穗粒数变化趋势不明显;宁春50号产量增加与穗数、千粒重关系密切,相关系数分别为0.37、0.34,达到了极显著水平,与稳粒数关系未达到显著水平.宁春50号增产要提高穗数和千粒重,并采取相应的栽培管理措施. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
干旱胁迫时期对水稻产量及产量性状的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确干旱胁迫对水稻产量及产量性状的影响,以粳稻品种农大3号为材料,利用盆栽的方式人工控制土壤水分（水势）,研究了不同生育阶段干旱胁迫对产量及产量性状的影响。结果表明：任何时期干旱胁迫都会导致减产,孕穗中期、后期减产幅度最大,其次是分蘖中期、前期。分蘖后期（无效分蘖期）干旱虽然穗粒数有所增加,但是祢补不了由于穗数下降造成的产量损失,出穗前各阶段干旱胁迫的减产幅度大于出穗后各阶段。分蘖期干旱使单穴有效穗数减少,孕穗期干旱穗粒数减少;孕穗期、产量形成期（出穗—乳熟期）干旱千粒重、成熟粒率降低;孕穗中期干旱结实率下降,混合千粒重降低。干旱胁迫条件下,提高单穗平均粒数和混合千粒重有助于提高产量,提高饱满千粒重和混合千粒重有助于提高成熟粒率。 相似文献
16.
Useful light interception during reproductive stages is very important for soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dry matter production. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the light utilization in the canopy for yield, and its components in the case of arranging branch direction to row direction with flat type (1/2 phyllotaxy) soybean. The field study was conducted in the field at Niigata University on a loamy sand soil at 25, 16 and 9 plants m−2 in 1994, 1995 and 1996, using cultivar 'Miyagishirome' (Maturity Group VII or VIII, phyllotaxy 1/2; branches develop flatly) with treatments so that branches developed at right angles direction (Type R) and in a parallel direction (Type P) to the direction of the row.
Total dry weight (TDW) was greater in Type R than in Type P. A higher leaf area index (LAI) was shown in Type R than in Type P in each plant density among the three years. More light penetrated into the canopy in Type R than in Type P. Higher TDW and LAI were produced by effective light interception at the canopy of Type R.
Yield and its components were greater in higher than lower density and tended to be greater in Type R than in Type P. Increased yield depend on seed, pod and node number m−2 . The increase of yield components in Type R was suggested to be due to favorable light condition in the canopy, compared with Type P. 相似文献
Total dry weight (TDW) was greater in Type R than in Type P. A higher leaf area index (LAI) was shown in Type R than in Type P in each plant density among the three years. More light penetrated into the canopy in Type R than in Type P. Higher TDW and LAI were produced by effective light interception at the canopy of Type R.
Yield and its components were greater in higher than lower density and tended to be greater in Type R than in Type P. Increased yield depend on seed, pod and node number m
17.
M. Hühn 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,166(5):308-317
The harvest index Z is defined, for example for cereals, as the ratio between grain yield X and biological yield Y: Z = X/Y. In this paper the character associations among biological yield, grain yield and harvest index have been investigated theoretically by calculating the covariances and correlation coefficients between harvest index and grain yield and, additionally, between harvest index and biological yield. Explicit formulae are derived for these covariances and correlation coefficients and conclusions are derived and discussed. Many facts and relations among these characters which are well-known and frequently established by many experimental studies with quite different crops can be obtained and characterized by these theoretical investigations as necessary implications of the underlying statistical relationships.
Finally, all the theoretical studies and results are demonstrated and applied to a numerical example of winter-rapeseed data. 相似文献
Finally, all the theoretical studies and results are demonstrated and applied to a numerical example of winter-rapeseed data. 相似文献
18.
冬小麦产量形成模拟模型研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
根据小麦生理生态学理论，建立了冬小麦产量形成及最终产量模拟模型（WYSM），作为小麦生长模型的子模型。模型较为全面地考虑了孕穗期水分、低温霜冻、高温及生长后期干热风对冬小麦粒数的影响，将灌浆期分成3个阶段，引入3个品种参数，考虑每个阶段最大灌浆速率，并利用温度、水分、籽粒体内N/C比等因子进行修正，考虑源库限制，最后采用产量构成因素方法建立小麦最终产量模型。利用北京地区和河南地区不同年份和不同品种的试验资料对模型进行了验证。结果表明，WYSM模型对小麦产量构成因子及最终产量的模拟效果很好，模拟值与实测值吻合度高，粒数、粒重、产量及灌浆过程模拟的相对均方差（NRMSE）为4.2%～10.9%，相对误差（RE）绝对值的平均值为2.9%～6.7%，决定系数R2为0.88～0.99，说明模型不仅具有较强的机理性而且具有较高的预测性和适用性。 相似文献
19.
大豆产量和产量构成因子及倒伏性的QTL分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
随机选取中豆29×中豆32重组自交系群体中165个家系作为2年田间试验材料,分析大豆单株产量、产量构成因子及倒伏性等性状的相关性和遗传效应,并检测各性状QTL。结果表明,38个与产量、产量构成因子及倒伏性状等有关的QTL,主要集中在C2、F和I连锁群。表型相关分析结果与QTL定位结果一致。在F连锁群上,2年均检测到倒伏QTL qLD-15-1,解释的表型变异超过20%,与百粒重和分枝荚数QTL分别位于相同和相邻标记区间,表明产量相关性状与倒伏性存在一定的关联。在I连锁群上,每荚粒数QTL和二、三、四粒荚数QTL不仅于同一位置,解释的表型变异为32%~65%,并且2个年份均重复出现,每荚粒数和四粒荚数QTL与二、三粒荚数QTL的增效基因分别来自不同的亲本。这4个粒荚性状QTL的共位性与表型相关分析结果一致,证实每荚粒数和四粒荚数与二、三粒荚数分别由不同的机制调控,对于育种上探讨以改良大豆粒荚性状为途径提高大豆产量,提供了重要依据。 相似文献
20.
A. Ghizaw T. Mamo Z. Yilma A. Molla Y. Ashagre 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(3):167-174
The faba bean is among the major grain legumes cultivated in Ethiopia and is used extensively as a break crop in the highlands. Although a blanket application of DAP (diammonium phosphate) at the rate of 100 kg · ha?1 has been practised in faba bean production in the country, this was not based on research results. In addition, little information is available on the response of the crop to N and P fertilizers under diverse environmental conditions. Hence, field experiments were carried out at three locations in 1991, seven locations during 1992 and 1993 and at one location in both 1993 and 1995 to determine faba bean response to N and P fertilization. Five levels of N (0, 9, 18, 27 and 36 kg N · ha?1 as urea) in factorial combinations with four levels of P (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg P2O5 · ha?1 as TSP [triple super phosphate]) were studied in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the first year. In the remaining years four levels of N (0, 18, 27 and 36 kg N · ha?1 as urea) in factorial combinations with four levels of P (0, 23, 46 and 92 kg P2O5 · ha?1 as TSP) were used in a randomized complete block design with three and four replications at one and seven locations, respectively. Results indicated that a positive linear response of faba bean seed yield was noted at all locations (except Debre Zeit and Burkitu) to P fertilization, while a significant quadratic response was also found at Holetta. In addition, plant height, above ground biomass and number of pods per plant were positively influenced by P application while the effect of N on these was mostly nonsignificant. Faba bean seed yield response to N was noted at only two out of eight locations; in most cases, nonsignificant and inconsistent seed yield responses to N fertilization were obtained. There was nonsignificant N × P rate interaction. In conclusion, we do not recommend supplemental N application to faba bean at six out of eight locations but we recommend the application of P fertilizer to faba bean at almost all locations (with the exception of Debre Zeit) and for other soils deficient in available P. Further work is recommended on the determination of critical levels for soil-available P, below which P fertilization should be practised for optimum faba bean seed yield. 相似文献