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1.
对三亚铁炉港红榄李(Lumnitzera littorea)天然林进行群落调查,设置6个10m×10m调查样方。对样地内的红树植物进行测量,记录红树种类、胸径、株高等指标,并进行重要性、径级等级分析,探讨该红树林林分植被的演替变化。结果表明,在600m~2样方中共记录了6种红树林树种,隶属4科5属,这些树种均具有较强的热带性质。该红榄李群落呈密灌丛状,群落结构相对较为简单,其重要值从大到小依次为红榄李正红树海莲榄李木果楝海漆。径级等级分析结果显示,榄李的径级等级分布较为均匀,木果楝和正红树分布于第IV级和第V级,海漆、海莲和红榄李均分布在第V级。该红榄李群落为衰退型,正处于濒危状态,需要进一步加强保护。 相似文献
2.
《防护林科技》2020,(1)
以雷州附城镇无瓣海桑人工林为对象,采取目标树中心样圆法,运用Simpson指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及Poisson分布与T检验分析无瓣海桑对乡土红树植物的多样性和分布格局的影响。结果表明:引进无瓣海桑后,秋茄、桐花树、红海榄、木榄和白骨壤这几种乡土红树植物在无瓣海桑林下逐步适应生长,无瓣海桑林缘灌木层物种多样性指数比林内更高,各类圆形样方中物种的Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数均没有显著差异,而Margalef丰富度指数的差异达显著水平(P<0.05);同一物种在不同林龄的无瓣海桑林下的分布格局不同;白骨壤、红海榄、秋茄、桐花树和木榄在无瓣海桑林下呈集群分布,其强度为木榄>桐花树>秋茄>白骨壤>红海榄;引种无瓣海桑林下未发现无瓣海桑幼苗,表明在该研究地无瓣海桑难以天然更新成林,对乡土红树植物的天然更新成林和扩散未产生影响。 相似文献
3.
红树植物海莲和红海榄从海南东寨港 ( 1 9°56′N ,1 1 0°34′E)引种到广东深圳湾 ( 2 2°32′ ,1 1 4°0 3′)红树林区 ,生长发育良好 ,4年生植株已全部开花结果 ;苗期抗寒性在中等以上 ,幼树抗寒性较强。 7年生的海莲和红海榄平均高分别为 2 .82 ,2 .91m ,平均地径分别为 1 0 .0 1 ,3.32cm ,存活率分别为 85% ,83%。澳洲白骨壤从澳大利亚北部引种到广东深圳湾后 ,苗期受到寒害及蟹类、鸟类和昆虫的影响 ,死亡率较高 ,2年生以后存活率稳定 ,抗寒性增强 ;4年生的澳洲白骨壤平均高 2 .6 9m ,平均地径为 3.6 1cm ,存活率为 6 8.4 %。澳洲白骨壤的高生长快于海莲和红海榄 ,是优良速生红树林树种 相似文献
4.
对比分析不同优势群落冠层叶片的化学计量特征,为深入认识海南省文昌清澜港红树林优势群落冠层叶片的C、N、P生态化学计量,对热带海岸生态脆弱区森林可持续性研究至关重要。该研究通过测定海莲（尖瓣海莲）、榄李（红榄李）和红树3种优势群落中冠层叶片的总碳、总氮、总磷含量,掌握清澜港红树林优势群落冠层叶片的生态化学计量特征。结果显示：（1）3种优势群落冠层叶片总碳、总氮含量均值分别介于362.08g·kg-1～379.50g·kg-1和14.05g·kg-1～15.21g·kg-1之间,均表现为红树>海莲（尖瓣海莲）>榄李（红榄李）;总磷含量均值排序为海莲（尖瓣海桑）（1.27g·kg-1）>榄李（红榄李）（1.17g·kg-1）>红树（1.16g·kg-1）。（2）3种优势群落冠层叶片的C/N均值介于25.65～27.75之间,表现为榄李（红榄李）>海莲（尖瓣海莲）>红树;C/P均值介于328.01～354.46之间,表现为榄李（红榄李）>红树>海莲（尖瓣海莲）;N/P均值介于12.13～13.73之间,表现为红树>榄李（红榄李）>海莲... 相似文献
5.
广东省沿海红树林现状和发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
广东沿海红树林是沿海防护林体系的重要组成部分 ,它的管理和造林是生态环境建设的一个内容。对沿海红树林的调查表明 :广东沿海红树林现存面积 14670hm2 ,其中湛江市各县 (市、区 )红树林占总面积 84 .8% ;全省主要红树林植物有 2 6科 4 0种 (其中真红树 10种 ,半红树 11种 ,伴生植物 19种 )。红树林主要树种有 :秋茄、红海榄、木榄、桐花树、无瓣海桑、白骨壤、海漆、榄李、角果木、老鼠勒等。文中对红树林推广造林和恢复发展作了评价 ,为推进红树林建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
蜡彩袋蛾取食不同红树植物后纤维素酶活力的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对蜡彩袋蛾喂饲7种红树植物叶片,观察取食情况,测定对不同红树植物叶片的取食量及取食后其体内纤维素酶活力变化,探讨蜡彩袋蛾(Chalia larminati Heylaerts)对不同红树植物叶片的消化吸收能力。结果表明,取食无瓣海桑、木榄、红海榄和秋茄的幼虫体内纤维素酶含量较高,而取食白骨壤和海漆之后纤维素酶含量较低,差异显著。根据林间调查结果显示,秋茄上的蜡彩袋蛾虫口密度最高,木榄最低,而在无瓣海桑、白骨壤和海漆没有发现蜡彩袋蛾危害。 相似文献
8.
2008年初,广东深圳福田红树植物遭受了近五十年来最为严重的低温寒害,引种红树及本地红树物种都受到了不同程度的影响,主要表现在叶片枯萎、树干折断,植物种群相对多度及密度改变.文章在2008年度冻害调查的基础上,2009、2010年对该片红树植物开展了恢复状况和生长现状调查,结果表明:(1)引种树种恢复的状况在不同物种之间有所差异,引种海桑、无瓣海桑在冻害后一度得到良好恢复;木榄生长良好,也有新枝萌发,受冻害影响较小;海莲大多数死亡,从原有的47株减少到目前的12株;澳洲白骨壤生长良好;(2)乡土树种恢复良好,秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤都可正常生长;(3)由于海桑、无瓣海桑受害严重,管理人员对其大树和幼苗进行了人工清理,目前保护区内海桑、无瓣海桑数目急剧减少. 相似文献
9.
无瓣海桑是目前我国东南沿海红树林建造中广为引种的红树林植物,本文介绍了无瓣海桑的引种育苗技术,包括苗圃地概况、种子采集与处理、种子贮藏、营养土配制、播种、苗木管理等技术措施,为无瓣海桑种苗的培育提供参考。 相似文献
10.
为探讨不同种类的红树树种在三亚河红树林自然保护区的生长适应性及环境对其生长影响,为红树林生态修复和树种选择提供参考和依据。选择木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和桐花(Aegiceras corniculatum)栽植于三亚河红树林自然保护区,比较分析其红树植物的生长和生理生化差异。结果表明,4个树种的成活率较高,以木榄最高;红海榄、秋茄和木榄的苗高和地径生长量稍高于桐花。生物量检测结果显示,红海榄、秋茄和木榄生物量也高于桐花;SOD酶、POD酶和MDA含量均以秋茄最高,桐花的酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量最低。主成分分析结果显示,4个树种对环境适应性能力从大到小依次为:秋茄、红海榄、木榄和桐花。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
19.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献