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1.
David B. Bunnell Justin G. Mychek‐Londer Charles P. Madenjian 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2014,23(4):604-614
Using a 37‐year recruitment time series, we uncovered a field pattern revealing a strong, inverse relationship between bloater Coregonus hoyi recruitment success and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus biomass in Lake Michigan (United States), one of the largest freshwater lakes of the world. Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973–2010 year‐classes. Although several strong year‐classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year‐classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10–1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995–2005 year‐classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes. 相似文献
2.
分析武汉市9个湖泊中枝角类微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因的多样性情况,对种群遗传多样性进行分析,了解不同地理距离对枝角类种群遗传分化的影响。形态鉴定表明,9个湖泊26个样点中共有8个湖泊17个样点检出微型裸腹溞,牛山湖设置的3个样点均未检测出微型裸腹溞。通过基因测序共得到66条微型裸腹溞COⅠ基因序列。由COⅠ基因序列构建的邻接树及Network分析显示,武汉8个湖泊中所得到的微型裸腹溞序列分为3大枝并具有14种不同的单倍体型。曼-惠特尼检验及科尔莫格罗夫-斯米尔诺夫检验均表明,湖泊内和湖泊间的微型裸腹溞遗传距离存在极显著差异。武汉市不同湖泊间微型裸腹溞存在遗传分化倾向。微型裸腹溞COⅠ基因在选择上是中性的,并且积累了相对较多的突变位点,可以用于种群遗传结构尤其是大尺度上的种群遗传结构分析。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨太湖新银鱼快速适应新环境和快速入侵的遗传学机制,本研究利用10个微卫星位点对5个入侵地和2个原产地的群体遗传结构进行了分析。遗传多样性参数结果显示,入侵地滇池、邛海、抚仙湖和三峡库区群体的遗传多样性水平比原产地高,入侵地洱海群体的遗传多样性水平低于原产地太湖而高于巢湖群体,原产地巢湖群体的遗传多样性最低。遗传距离和UPGMA聚类结果表明邛海群体和其他群体的遗传关系最远,太湖与抚仙湖的遗传关系最近。ANOVA显示大多数遗传变异存在于太湖新银鱼群体内(95.78%),群体间的遗传变异为4.22%,固定系数(Fst=0.0422)显著,表明太湖新银鱼群体间存在显著的小尺度遗传分化,两两遗传分化指数也证实了这一点。MVSP主成分分析显示邛海、三峡库区、巢湖和滇池群体有明显的分化。由此推断,高水平的遗传多样性和显著的遗传结构差异性可能是太湖新银鱼成功入侵的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
为掌握江苏省重要湖泊湖鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,利用线粒体控制区(D-loop)全序列分析了6个湖泊(太湖、滆湖、高邮湖、白马湖、洪泽湖和骆马湖)湖鲚野生群体的遗传多样性水平和群体分化情况。结果表明,6个群体共214尾样本的D-loop序列中,共发现103个变异位点,92种单倍型。6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.726~0.951,核苷酸多样性为0.00552~0.01036,6个群体整体的单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为0.857和0.00729,表明湖鲚群体的遗传多样性较高,且符合高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性特点。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,群体间变异百分比为6.20%,群体内变异百分比为93.80%,说明遗传变异主要来自群体内部。群体总的遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.06199(P<0.01),两两群体间的Fst显示,滆湖群体与其他群体间存在极显著的遗传分化(P<0.001),而其他群体间无显著分化(P>0.05)。单倍型分子系统进化树和网络进化图显示,6个群体的单倍型形成了2个谱系,但谱系组成与群体地理分布无相关性。中性检验分析结果显示,湖鲚群体进化过程中经历过种群扩张,扩张时间大约发生在0.089~0.160百万年前。研究结果表明,湖鲚群体具有较高的遗传多样性,滆湖群体与其他群体具有极显著的遗传分化,且拥有多个独享单倍型,应将滆湖群体单独作为一个管理单位,其他5个群体作为一个整体进行管理和利用。 相似文献
5.
This study was based on genotyping eight microsatellite loci of 463 brown trout, Salmo trutta L., sampled in nine differently sized tributaries in three areas on the eastern shore of Lake Mjøsa, south‐eastern Norway. The populations were genetically structured, and Mantel's test showed that genetic distance correlated positively with geographical distance. Temporal differentiation FST over a 2‐year period was estimated in five streams and was non‐significant after Bonferroni correction. Effective population size Ne was positively correlated with the habitat length available from the lake (0.3–22 km) and negatively with the number of full sib pairs in the sample. There was no correlation between Ne and genetic diversity, and private alleles were recorded in three medium‐sized streams, but not in the largest two. The importance of small spawning and nursery streams for the maintenance of genetic diversity of brown trout was demonstrated. 相似文献
6.
The persistence of the initial genetic structure despite later stocking with foreign conspecifics is influenced by several factors, leading to different levels of introgression. Stream spawning has been assumed to be the prevailing recruitment strategy of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). However, in lakes with limited stream spawning habitat, but still with high natural recruitment, lake spawning has been proposed. Using fourteen microsatellites, we assessed the genetic structure in a small allopatric brown trout population in the Lake Skavatn, located on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, Norway. A total of 265 brown trout were obtained from the lake itself, the outlet stream, two tributaries, a littoral sample from a presumed lake spawning site, a suggested stocking source, and a lake sample from 1967, representing the initial lake population. The six Skavatn samples were best represented by three genetic components, showing a shift from the initial population, but with no genetic signal from the suggested stocking source. The littoral sample had the largest similarity to the initial lake population, possibly indicating the importance of lake spawning in a system where streams offer unpredictable spawning and rearing conditions. Due to large annual variations in recruitment contributions from the different spawning and rearing locations, the genetic structure of the lake population probably vary over time. 相似文献
7.
Pennuto CM, Krakowiak PJ, Janik CE. Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams.Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 206–215. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a benthic invertivore that has become established in many lake and river systems of Europe and the United States, especially within the Great Lakes basin. Multiple reports document its negative impact on benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in lakes and recent studies show fish and invertebrate communities in streams are equally at risk. We assessed the seasonal abundance of round gobies and their summer diet composition in tributary streams to Lake Erie. Populations of round gobies in the lower reaches of two tributary streams peaked in abundance in early fall, were absent in late winter, and reappeared in early spring, suggesting a possible out‐migration to the lake in winter. Population size distributions show a peak recruitment of young round gobies in July and low‐level recruitment through October. In this study, round gobies obtained most of their energy from amphipods, chironomids, and caddisflies compared to other invertebrates, and midges were consumed in greater proportion than their availability suggesting a preference for these prey. As the stream lacked molluscs, large round gobies remained generalist invertivores without a diet shift to molluscivory as has been reported in lake studies. The observations on recruitment and abundance, and possible out‐migration suggest the lower reaches of tributary streams may act as source populations for lake‐bound round gobies. It may be possible to take advantage of this out‐migration behaviour as a control strategy to capture large numbers of round gobies each winter. 相似文献
8.
不同野生群体与家系养殖翘嘴鳜遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨长江野生群体、通江湖泊野生群体和家系养殖翘嘴鳜群体的遗传多样性,利用7个高度多态的微卫星标记对5个群体进行遗传分析。结果显示,7个微卫星位点的等位基因数、有效等位基因数平均值分别为29和9。观测杂合度、期望杂合度、平均多态信息量平均值分别为0.853、0.886和0.875。通过平均多态信息量PIC统计发现,遗传多样性从大到小依次为:长江野生群体>梁子湖群体>洞庭湖群体>武汉养殖群体>无锡养殖群体。遗传距离及遗传相似系数分析表明,长江野生群体和无锡养殖群体间的遗传距离最大(0.813),遗传相似系数最小(0.444)。UPGMA聚类分析显示,5个群体可分为2个亚群,其中亚群I包括梁子湖群体、洞庭湖群体和长江野生群体,亚群II包括武汉养殖群体和无锡养殖群体。结果表明翘嘴鳜不同种群间的基因交流受到了一定的地理阻碍,特别是养殖群体与长江野生群体表现较高的遗传分化。 相似文献
9.
Multiyear drought is projected to increase in frequency and duration in arid and semiarid regions across the world, threatening native species and ecosystem function. The effects of multiyear drought are often exacerbated by human water use, which manifest in reduced lake elevation, reduced stream discharge, and disruption in hydrologic connectivity for aquatic species. Here, we demonstrate that drought-driven decreasing lake levels reduce the connectivity between tributaries and lakes by creating an elevation-explicit tributary distance map. We combined long-term fish catch data and a lake elevation time-series with our elevation-explicit tributary distance map to test whether population demographics are related to drought-driven changes in tributary connectivity. We surveyed the littoral zone of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA, from full pool to a depth of >12 m, totalling 94.86 km2 surveyed. As lake elevation decreased from full pool to the lowest historical elevation, tributary channel distance increased by 3.5 km. Bear Lake Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) catch per unit effort was strongly negatively correlated with tributary channel distance, though individual growth rates were not influenced by drought metrics. We predicted the response of age 0 to age 10 cutthroat under high and low cobble availability, estimating up to a 61% decline in cutthroat CPUE when tributary channel distance is at its maximum historical value. Our study provided a unique opportunity to identify quantitative linkages between climate-driven changes in habitat connectivity and an ecologically important endemic sportfish, expanding our understanding of potential pathways through which climate change may affect lentic ecosystems and fishes. 相似文献
10.
Abstract – Releases of non-native trout often result in introgression into natural populations and negative genetic effects. The causal ecological mechanisms for a wide range of reported outcomes are poorly understood. Brown trout population structure in an alpine lake with three major recruitment streams was assessed by analysis for eight DNA microsatellite markers and compared with the non-native population. The lake is subject to a 40-year recorded history of stocking with exogenous trout. No certain deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were found. Tests for population differentiation and genetic distance indicated separate populations for all the sampled areas, and with the exogenous population as a cluster quite different from the others. Assignment tests indicated that only a small fraction of the fish sampled from the lake originated from the introduced trout strain (<3%). Wild discriminate, naturally reproducing populations characterize this alpine lake ecosystem, in spite of 40 years of stocking, which appears to have had a limited impact. It is unlikely that this population structure can ultimately be explained by trout movement patterns. Genetic analysis needs to be supplemented by studies of local life history strategies, to evaluate the relative importance of local adaptation versus random genetic differentiation, because implications for conservation and management are different. 相似文献
11.
Abstract– Data from the Swedish Electrofishing Register were used to study the effects of lakes on the growth of yearling (0+) brown trout in outlet streams. It was found that growth increased close to lakes. On average, the length of the longest yearlings was 10% greater 0-100 m downstream from lakes as compared with more than 1 km downstream. Growth enhancement was most pronounced downstream from large lakes. This was exemplified with maximum yearling lengths in September in inlet streams (maximum yearlings 50-100 mm) and outlet streams (65-130 mm) of Lake Stora Le (area 200 km2 ), and inlet streams (50-75 mm) and outlet streams (65-95 mm) of Lake Anten (area 18 km2 ). It is suggested that this is a combined effect of both increased water temperature and outflow of lake seston. The growth pattern found was not correlated to population abundance or to the abundance of competitors or predators. 相似文献
12.
利用20对微卫星引物对江苏省5个内陆湖(太湖、滆湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖和骆马湖)和长江的翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)野生种群进行遗传多样性分析,研究江苏省不同水域翘嘴鳜的遗传多样性差异和亲缘关系。结果表明,6个水域的翘嘴鳜群体遗传多样性丰富,其中长江翘嘴鳜群体的平均有效等位基因数为6. 524 8,平均期望杂合度为0. 922,平均多态信息含量为0. 827 3,均高于其它5个翘嘴鳜群体,说明长江翘嘴鳜群体的遗传多样性高于其它5湖的翘嘴鳜群体。哈迪温伯格平衡显示,只有2个位点上存在不平衡,其余都满足哈迪温伯格平衡。从6个水域翘嘴鳜群体之间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离来看,太湖翘嘴鳜群体和滆湖翘嘴鳜群体的亲缘关系最近,骆马湖翘嘴鳜群体和太湖翘嘴鳜群体的亲缘关系最远。研究结果可为江苏省翘嘴鳜种质资源的保护、监测和遗传育种提供分子基础资料。 相似文献
13.
Triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) is the most important mussel species commercially exploited for freshwater pearl culture in China. Its genetic diversity
was studied among populations from the five largest freshwater lakes of China, Poyang Lake (PY), Dongting Lake (DT), Taihu
Lake (TH), Hongze Lake (HZ), and Chaohu Lake (CH), by the polymorphism of the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) detections showed that a total of 62 loci were amplified from eight primers; of those, 31.88%, 31.15%,
31.03%, 27.27% and 26.92%, respectively, were polymorphic in each of the five populations across all genotypes tested. The
average heterozygosities were 0.4747, 0.3274, 0.2366, 0.2099 and 0.2018 in each of these populations from PY, TH, DT, CH and
HZ, respectively. Phylogenic analyses showed that PY and TH populations clustered with CH and HZ and formed a group, while
the DT population on its own formed a separated branch. The smallest distance (0.0404) was scored between PY and TH populations,
indicative of their closest relationship; the biggest distance (0.2438) was found between PY and DT populations, suggesting
their greatest divergence. The present study provided genetic basis for managing mussel stocks from these lakes separately
to best preserve the genetic diversity of H. cumingii. On the other hand, since the population in PY displayed the highest genetic diversity, it may be used preferably in future
selective breeding to improve pearl yield and quality. 相似文献
14.
Abstract – Male threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , display an orange/red throat during the breeding season, which is carotenoid-based colour. We examined the relationship between energy-based costs of reproduction and colour in three lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback: two benthic (Willow and Big Beaver) and one limnetic (Lynne) ecotypes. In two lakes (Willow and Big Beaver) where benthic males defend nests against cannibalistic groups, males paid higher energy costs than in the third lake (Lynne) where cannibalistic groups are absent. We then examined colour variation within each population. Males from Lynne Lake did not change colour during the parental stage, whereas males from Willow and Big Beaver lakes became more intensely coloured. In addition, colour was typically independent of condition within stages. We propose that energy-based reproductive costs could explain some of the observed variation in colour by altering the payoffs associated with signalling effort during current versus future reproduction. 相似文献
15.
Exploitation can have a pronounced effect on fish populations. Yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), populations in Nebraska Sandhill lakes were sampled in 1998 and 1999. Three of the 29 lakes containing yellow perch have been closed to fishing for at least 10 years. Unexploited yellow perch populations had fast growth rates, but age structure was similar to exploited populations. For unexploited lakes combined, mortality and condition were not different from exploited lakes. However, one unexploited lake, Marsh Lake, had the fastest growth, highest proportion of older fish and highest condition of all populations sampled. This lake had low interspecific competition and high invertebrate abundance, which likely resulted in fast growth and high condition. However, size structure and growth were also related to lake productivity. Although exploitation may affect yellow perch populations, other factors (food availability, predators and lake productivity) also play an important role in structuring these populations. Regardless, these results indicate the potential of yellow perch in Nebraska Sandhill lakes given no exploitation. 相似文献
16.
对我国五大湖日本沼虾100个野生个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）部分序列进行了测定和分析，经比对获得578bp核苷酸片段，发现49个变异位点，得到35个单倍型，包括7个共享单倍型，各群体都具有较好的单倍型多态性和核苷酸多态性，其中鄱阳湖群体遗传多样性相对最高。AMOVA分析表明，五群体间总遗传分化系数Fst＝0.31873 （P<0.05）， 群体间具有较高的遗传分化。MEGA3.1软件计算五群体的Kimura 2-paramter遗传距离，洞庭湖群体和巢湖群体之间的遗传距离最远为0.0191，巢湖群体和洪泽湖群体之间的遗传距离最近为0.0051。以同属胖掌沼虾（Macrobrachium inflatum）为外群分别构建了NJ和UPGMA系统树，结果显示洞庭湖和鄱阳湖为一族群，太湖、巢湖和洪泽湖为一族群。 相似文献
17.
Abstract – Investigating the influence of evolutionary forces on the genetic structure and genetic diversity remains a major challenge. Yet, it is of considerable interest for conservation and management of a species. This study investigates the influence of life‐history and landscape features, such as altitude, connectivity and habitat size, on genetic diversity and genetic structure of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) with stream‐resident, lake‐dwelling and sea‐migrating life‐history in two river systems in northern Sweden. Using regression tree analysis including ecological and landscape characteristics, we show that life history is the most important variable explaining genetic diversity and population differentiation. Sea‐migrating populations show high diversity and low differentiation, and lake‐ and stream‐resident populations show low diversity and high population differentiation, among all samples. No overall genetic correlation with geographical distance was noted; however, among sea‐migrating populations within the River Vindelälven drainage, this pattern was observed. This study illustrates that life‐history and landscape features help to explain genetic structure and genetic variation. The information is important for conservation and management actions, such as fisheries regulations, habitat restorations, stocking of hatchery fish, defining management units and introducing genetic monitoring programmes. 相似文献
18.
Akira P Takagi Satoshi Ishikawa Thuok Nao Sitha Hort Masanori Nakatani Mutsumi Nishida Hisashi Kurokura 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):750-754
ABSTRACT: Although the bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus is an important fish in South-East Asia, the population structure has not been investigated. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of the bronze featherback were examined using nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region for 332 fish collected from Tonle Sap Lake and the Mekong River in Cambodia. The average nucleotide diversity (π) of all samples was 0.033, and the Mekong River samples had higher nucleotide diversity (0.034) than Tonle Sap Lake samples (0.028). The nucleotide diversity between the lake and river samples varied from 0.029 to 0.037. The genetic differentiation between the river and lake populations was also supported by the pairwise F -statistic values and hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, indicating that the Tonle Sap Lake population is genetically isolated from the population in main stream of the Mekong River. 相似文献
19.
Scott G. Blair Chelsea May Brian Morrison Michael G. Fox 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(2):200-208
To determine whether invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from Lake Ontario were establishing a year‐round population in a tributary stream or migrating to the lake, we assessed population and individual movement patterns using mark–recapture assessment generated from weekly backpack electrofishing from May until November 2016. Round goby abundance was low in spring, peaked in summer and decreased again in autumn, suggesting seasonal inward stream migration and outward migration back to the lake. Adult round goby movement patterns were positively associated with changes in water temperature, but this was not the case for juveniles. Juveniles displayed a preference for shallow, upstream habitats. Observations of reproductive individuals coupled with a peak in juvenile abundance following the peak in adult abundance indicate that the tributary was used for reproduction and recruitment. The individual movement was primarily upstream in spring, and there was little net movement in summer, likely during reproduction. Downstream movement occurred in autumn over a short time period, suggesting rapid outmigration to the lake. The combined observations of seasonal population structure and individual movement suggest that tributary streams connected to large, infested waterbodies can be used for round goby reproduction and recruitment, rather than year‐round residence. This study provides evidence of round goby seasonal migration and their individual movement patterns within tributary streams, which complements an earlier study in Lake Erie tributaries and may be a common occurrence in other Great Lakes tributaries. 相似文献
20.
Robert J. Scott David L.G. Noakes F. W. H. Beamish Leon M. Carl 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2003,12(1):66-73
Abstract – Non-native species can have substantial impacts on successful restoration of native species. Here, we examined effects of chinook salmon ( Oncorhychus tshawytscha ), an exotic species introduced to Lake Ontario to enhance recreational angling, on reintroduced Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in a Lake Ontario tributary stream. Field enclosure studies revealed that adult Atlantic salmon activity rate was elevated, nest establishment delayed and mortality rates higher in the presence of chinook salmon. These results suggest that chinook salmon in Lake Ontario streams during fall spawning could impede successful re-establishment of Atlantic salmon in the lake. 相似文献