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低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮是在玉米-豆粕型日粮的基础上,以可消化氨基酸、净能体系和理想蛋白质模型为基础发展而来的,其不但可以节约蛋白质饲料资源,还可以减少氮排放,改善猪舍环境,减轻养猪业对环境的污染。因猪生长育肥期是控制饲料成本、提高效益的关键时期,也是实现养殖业可持续发展的重要时期,故在猪生长育肥期使用低蛋白日粮效果更为显著。文章主要对低蛋白日粮对生长育肥猪的生产性能、血液生化指标、肉质以及恶臭物质排放等的影响进行了综述,同时对低蛋白日粮应用前景进行了展望,以期为我国生长育肥猪的低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮应用提供参考。 相似文献
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猪低蛋白质低氮排放日粮研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪低蛋白质日粮的研究始于20世纪70年代,氨基酸平衡是其理论基础.随着理想蛋白质概念的发展和理想蛋白质氨基酸模式的建立,加之氨基酸工业化生产的实现,推动了低蛋白质日粮的研究和应用.近年来,蛋白质资源的短缺、玉米加工燃料乙醇以及低碳、低氮经济的提出,低蛋白质日粮受到人们的广泛重视,其理论和技术得到了更加深入的研究.我国是一个蛋白质资源特别紧缺的国家.2009年,我国大豆进口量已达5200多万t,是我国大豆生产总量的3倍,是美国大豆总产量的63%.研究和应用猪的低蛋白质日粮对缓解我国饲料蛋白自知资源短缺有非常重要的显示意义.依据氨基酸平衡理论,从日粮蛋白质水平与猪的生长性能和胴体品质的关系、低蛋白质日粮中合成氨基酸的利用、日粮蛋白质水平与氮排放、净能体系在低蛋白日粮中的应用等各个方面对猪低蛋白日粮的研究进展进行总结,供读者在配制低蛋白日粮时参考. 相似文献
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养猪实践中低蛋白日粮配制的若干技术问题 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
低蛋白日粮具有节约蛋白质饲料资源和减少环境污染的作用.在实际生产中以理想蛋白质模式的可消化氨基酸含量为基础,应用净能体系,以添加合成氨基酸来补充和平衡日粮氨基酸,同时添加其他添加剂,方能设计出安全、科学、合理的猪低蛋白日粮. 相似文献
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为研究降低日粮蛋白水平并添加氨基酸对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血浆生化指标的影响，试验采用单因素完全随机设计，选取90头体重相近、体况良好的三元杂交育肥猪，随机分为3组：对照组（CTR,CP=16%），低蛋白日粮组（LP,CP=14%）及低蛋白+氨基酸组（LP+AA），低蛋白日粮中添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸及苏氨酸。每组6个重复，每个重复5头猪。试验预饲期5 d，正饲期40 d。结果显示：降低日粮蛋白水平或在此基础上补充氨基酸对育肥猪生长性能影响不明显（P> 0.05）。同时，对营养物质表观消化率并未产生显著影响（P> 0.05）。与对照组相比，低蛋白+氨基酸组料重比更低（P=0.06），血浆总胆固醇（TC）水平降低了26.70%，差异趋于显著（P=0.06）。研究结果表明，降低育肥猪日粮蛋白质水平并补充氨基酸并不会对生长性能造成负面影响，同时，可降低血浆胆固醇水平，有利于机体健康。 相似文献
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《广东饲料》2020,(3)
本研究采用单因子试验设计,以体重约为80kg的“杜×长×大”三元育肥猪为研究对象,探讨了在低蛋白日粮中补充钾盐对育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验选取体重相近、健康状况良好育肥猪150头,随机分为三组。对照组50头,饲喂常规育肥猪料(CP15.5%,Lys 0.75%,K 0.77%);低蛋白组50头,饲喂低蛋白日粮(CP13.5%,Lys 0.87%,K 0.64%),仅补充赖氨酸;低蛋白+钾组饲喂低蛋白日粮(CP13.5%,Lys 0.87%,K 0.77%),同时补充赖氨酸和钾盐。试验周期为31天,记录育肥猪采食量及体重数据,并于试验结束前一天和当天采集尿液与血液进行生化测定。结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮蛋白水平降低2%且补充足量赖氨酸能够维持正常平均日增重且有升高趋势(提高38g),而额外补充钾平均日增重则进一步提高44.26g;尿液及血液生化检测结果显示,与对照组相比,低蛋白日粮组和低蛋白日粮+钾组猪只尿氮浓度分别下降了17.28%和27.18%,而低蛋白组日粮猪只血钾水平下降了3.72%,低蛋白日粮+钾组猪只血钾水平提高了1.67%。以上研究结果表明,在育肥猪低蛋白日粮中补充钾盐能够大幅提高育肥猪的生长性能,降低尿氮浓度,减少氮的排放。 相似文献
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低蛋白日粮对规模猪场温室气体减排效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在北京8家规模猪场选取60头育肥猪分别喂食普通饲料和低蛋白日粮,测量两种饲养条件下育肥猪的死淘率、日增重、采食量、饲料转化率、粪氮等各项指标,分析低蛋白日粮对育肥猪温室气体排放量和减排量的影响。结果表明,采用低蛋白日粮喂养猪比用普通饲料喂养饲料利用效率提高7.51%,猪粪便中氮和碳的含量分别减少27.9%和1.84%（P〈0.05）,可实现温室气体减排量（0.82±0.40）kgCO2e/kg增重,其主要减排途径为减少了粪便管理过程中氧化亚氮的排放（P〈0.05）。可见,低蛋白日粮可提高育肥猪对营养物质的利用率,减少猪粪便中NH3、N含量,温室气体减排量0.82kgCO2e/kg增重。 相似文献
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不同阶段生长肥育猪可消化赖、蛋+胱、苏、色氨酸平衡模式研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用部分扣除饲粮氨基酸(AA)的氮平衡试验法研究了大白×长白猪生长阶段(35～60kg)和育肥阶段(60～90kg)的可消化赖(DLys)、蛋 +胱(D -SAA)、苏(DThr)、色氨酸(DTrp)平衡模式。每个阶段各用18头猪进行N平衡试验。每个N平衡试验均设6个处理组 ,即高蛋白基础日粮组(BD)、低蛋白加合成AA对照组(PC)、在PC基础上分别将研究的扣除25 %4种氨基酸的其它4个试验组。每个处理设3个重复 ,每重复1头猪。饲粮为玉米—豆粕—玉米蛋白粉型。所有饲粮等能(3.40McalDE/kg) ,基础饲粮CP与DLys水平相应为161g/kg、5.28g/kg。试验结果表明 ,按单位代谢体重的N沉积与可消化氨基酸摄入量计算 ,大长猪生长阶段DLys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp的平衡比例为100 :49 :72 :19 ;育肥阶段为100 :34 :64 :23。表明氨基酸平衡模式因猪的体重阶段不同而异 相似文献
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Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献
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Antibacterial effects against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. Antibacterial effects were not observed with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide plus oxytetracycline or with dimethyl sulfoxide plus EDTA-tromethamine. Using a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, inhibitory activities of the various combinations of solutions were studied, and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. The greatest synergistic effect was observed when the mixture was caused to react with P mirabilis. These findings were confirmed by kinetic studies of microbial death, using one-fourth minimal inhibitory concentrations of these preparations. 相似文献
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Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N S Moise A E Dietze L E Mezza D Strickland H N Erb N J Edwards 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(7):1476-1486
The echocardiographic, ECG, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (HT, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with DCM were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with HCM and HT by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean +/- SD of 2.20 +/- 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% +/- 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 +/- 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 +/- 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm). The cats with HCM were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 +/- 0.12 cm). Some cats with HT had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with HCM because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter greater than 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta greater than 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with DCM, HCM, or HT. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, or HT) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ECG may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with HT, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with DCM or HCM. The ECG was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats. 相似文献
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Toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. Anticoagulant, cholecalciferol, and bromethalin-based rodenticides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D C Dorman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1990,20(2):339-352
The control of rodent pests is a continuing goal of mankind. To this end, a multitude of rodenticides have been produced, each designed to kill rodents by exerting their toxic effects on various body systems. As examples, veterinarians have had to manage companion animal poisonings due to anticoagulant, sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080), thallium, barium carbonate, and zinc phosphide-based rodenticides. Many of these rodenticides were introduced because of their anticipated safety in relation to nontarget species; unfortunately, this has not been the case. Veterinarians must attempt to identify the specific rodenticide involved in poisoning cases. Therapeutic success in these poisonings is often more dependent upon symptomatic and supportive care rather than the use of antidotal therapy. 相似文献
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Comparative cardiovascular, analgesic, and sedative effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
OBJECTIVE: To compare sedative, analgesic, and cardiopulmonary effects after IV administration of medetomidine (20 microg/kg), medetomidine-hydromorphone (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.1 mg of hydromorphone/kg), and medetomidine-butorphanol (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.2 mg of butorphanol tartrate/kg) in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 dogs healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Instruments were surgically inserted, and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), core body temperature, and cardiac output (CO) were measured 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after injection. Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. Arterial samples for blood gas analysis were collected 0, 15, and 45 minutes after injection. Intensity of analgesia, degree of sedation, and degree of muscle relaxation were evaluated at aforementioned time points and 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Administration of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol was associated with increases in SAP, MAP, DAP, MPAP, PCWP, CVP, SVR, PVR, core body temperature, and PaCO2 and decreases in HR, CO, CI, SV, SI, RR, pH, and PaO2. Clinically important differences were not detected among treatments. Medetomidine-hydromorphone and medetomidine-butorphanol provided a longer duration of sedation and better quality of analgesia, compared with medetomidine alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine-hydromorphone or medetomidine-butorphanol is associated with improved analgesia and sedation but has cardiopulmonary effects comparable to those for medetomidine alone. 相似文献
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Longissimus muscle area and fat thickness were measured following weaning, at yearling, and prior to harvest using real-time ultrasound, and corresponding carcass measurements were recorded 3 to 7 d following the preharvest scan in composite steers (n = 116, 447 +/- 19 d), bulls (n = 224, 521 +/- 11 d), and heifers (n = 257,532 +/- 12 d). Although fat deposition was limited in bulls and heifers from weaning to yearling, coefficients of variation ranged from 8.46 to 13.46% for muscle area, and from 27.55 to 38.95% for fat thickness, indicating that significant phenotypic variance exists across genders. Residual correlations, adjusted for the effects of year of birth, gender, and age at measurement, were high and ranged from 0.79 to 0.87 among ultrasound and carcass measures of muscle area. Residual correlations among ultrasound and carcass measures of fat thickness were also high, ranging from 0.64 to 0.86. Weaning and/or yearling ultrasound muscle area yielded similarly accurate predictions of carcass muscle area. Yearling ultrasound fat thickness accounted for 13% more of the observed variance in carcass fat thickness than the weaning ultrasound measure in single-trait prediction models. When both weaning and yearling ultrasound measures were used to predict carcass fat thickness, partial R2 values were 0.15 and 0.61 for weaning and yearling ultrasound fat thickness, respectively. The difference between predicted and carcass measures with respect to muscle area (fat thickness) was less than 6.45 cm2 (2.5 mm) for 80.2 to 88.9% (90.3 to 95%) of animals. Preharvest ultrasound measures yielded standard errors of prediction of less than 4.95 cm2 for muscle area and 1.51 mm or less for fat thickness. These results indicate that ultrasound measures taken between weaning and yearling provide accurate predictors of corresponding carcass traits in steers, bulls, and heifers. 相似文献