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1.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different geometric sizes of wind tunnels on aerial boundary layers above the emission surface and therefore their effect on ammonia emission using CFD tool. Five wind tunnels of different sizes were used for the CFD simulation. Detail experimental measurements on air velocity and concentration profiles above the emission surface were realised using average inlet velocities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m s−1 in two wind tunnels under isothermal condition. The TAN (Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen) and pH of ammonia aqueous solution were kept constant during the experiments. The boundary conditions necessary for the CFD study were obtained from the measured experimental data. The CFD model used for simulations was first validated using the data from the two wind tunnel experiments. For assessing the effects of wind tunnel size, the air velocity range of 0.1-0.6 m s−1 was used in CFD investigations. It was found that the velocity and concentration boundary layer thickness decreased with the increase of inlet air velocity where the concentration boundary was thinner than the corresponding velocity boundary layer. Wind tunnel sizes affected both velocity and concentration boundary layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). The velocity and concentration boundary layer was thicker in a wind tunnel with larger heights than in small height. The over estimation of ammonia emission of smaller wind tunnels were observed comparing to the largest wind tunnel or open field situation (P < 0.001). Non-linear regression equations were developed using four wind tunnels data for velocity boundary layer thickness (δu), concentration boundary layer thickness (δc), and ammonia mass transfer coefficient (kG) as a function of wind tunnel height (H) and average inlet velocity (um), which given clear quantitative indication of effects of H, and um on δu, δc, and kG, respectively.  相似文献   

2.
为获取上海地区露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放规律及时空分布特征,通过通气-氨捕获法对露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放特征进行监测,并对主要气象参数进行同步观测。结果表明,4个季节5种典型露天蔬菜的NH3累积排放量范围为14.44~41.94 kg·hm-2,NH3排放通量最大值出现在施肥后2~5 d,NH3排放持续时间为15~18 d,追肥期的NH3排放通量显著高于基肥期。叶菜类、瓜类、茄果类、豆类和白菜类的NH3排放损失率分别达到了6.02%、18.30%、14.98%、14.57%和11.77%,表现为瓜类>茄果类>豆类>白菜类>叶菜类。相关性分析表明,温度和湿度是影响露天蔬菜种植NH3排放的主要因素,温度对NH3排放有显著的促进作用,湿度则与之呈较好的负相关关系。2017年上海市露天蔬菜种植NH3排放总量达到832 t,空间分布特征表明,上海市露天蔬菜NH3排放总量最高的3个区为崇明区、浦东新区和青浦区,合计占NH3排放总量的67%以上; NH3排放季节变化特征表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,夏季的NH3排放总量达到冬季的3.6倍。研究表明,上海地区露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放变化特征显著,时空分布具有明显的规律性。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨畜禽养殖污水高氨氮负荷处理过程中的温室气体排放,本试验对缺氧/好氧(A/O)中试工程处理猪场沼液过程进行采样,对温室气体特性及影响因素进行了监测分析。结果表明：A/O工艺CH4平均排放通量为1 454.76 mg·m-2·h-1,平均排放因子为0.85%,缺氧池排放占比最高,占总排放量的56.0%;N2O平均排放通量为101.25 mg·m-2·h-1,平均排放因子为0.64%,好氧池排放占比最高,占总排放量的87.1%。NO2--N的积累会促使N2O排放,但对CH4排放有抑制作用。硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的反硝化反应可能是猪场污水处理过程中N2O的主要排放途径。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨双氰胺（DCD）减少铵态氮肥施用后氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放机制,通过开展好氧培养试验,研究DCD配施铵态氮（NH4+-N）或亚硝态氮（NO2--N）对潮土土壤N2O排放的影响,同时添加不同浓度NO2--N模拟NO2--N累积对N2O和CO2排放的影响。结果表明： DCD仅对NH4+-N氧化过程中N2O排放有抑制作用,对NO2--N还原过程中产生的N2O没有影响;培养前7 d,DCD显著抑制NH4+-N的氧化过程,降低净硝化速率,而在添加NO2--N土壤中加入DCD后净硝化速率显著增加,培养30 d后,DCD对NH4+-N和NO2--N氧化过程均没有影响;添加外源NO2--N明显促进了N2O排放,其排放通量显著高于不施肥的对照处理; N2O累积排放量同NO2--N浓度呈正相关,CO2累积排放量同NO2--N浓度呈显著负相关。研究表明,DCD可以避免NO2--N大量累积而产生的毒害作用,但仅对氨氧化过程N2O减排有效果,因此亟待研发适于抑制NO2--N产生N2O的新型抑制剂。  相似文献   

5.
山东省农业源氨排放清单研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为建立山东省农业源氨排放清单,根据《山东统计年鉴2016》数据,采用排放因子法估算了山东省2015年农业源氨排放清单。结果表明,山东省2015年农业源氨排放量为105.831万t,排放强度为6.71 t·km-2。畜禽养殖是最大的排放源,排放量为68.673万t,占总排放量的64.89%,猪和家禽是畜禽养殖排放量的最大贡献源,两者占畜禽养殖排放量的72.88%;其次是氮肥施用,排放量为30.835万t,占总排放量的29.14%;生物质燃烧、人体排放、土壤本底的氨排放量分别为2.173、2.117、1.943万t,分别占总排放量的2.05%、2.00%、1.84%;固氮植物的氨排放量最小,仅为0.09万t,不足总排放量的1%。菏泽、德州、潍坊、临沂、济宁、聊城是山东省农业源氨排放大市,氨排放量为7.910~13.662万t。研究表明,应从规范畜禽养殖规模和合理施肥两方面着手,精准施策,以减少山东省农业源氨排放量。  相似文献   

6.
Two experiments, a Petri dish assay and a pot experiment were carried out to evaluate possible allelopathic effects of water extracts (0, 10 and 20 g L?1) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) on germination and growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Results showed that germination percentage of purslane seeds was not inhibited by concentration of water extract of test plants. However, seed vigour and seedling growth strongly influenced by aqueous extracts of test plants. Maximum inhibitions on seedling growth were recorded when using the highest concentration of the aqueous extract (20 g L?1). It was apparent that sugar beet had a greater inhibitory effect than eucalyptus. Shoot length of purslane seedlings significantly decreased at 10 and 20 g L?1 aqueous extract concentration of sugar beet by 65.5 and 92.1% respectively compare to control, while eucalyptus decreased seedling shoot length of target weed at 10 and 20 g L?1 extract concentration by 29.8% and 52.9% respectively. Root length was more affected than shoot so that low aqueous extract concentration (10 g L?1) of sugar beet and eucalyptus decreased root length of target weed by 79.8% and 46% respectively. Foliar sprays with both 10 and 20 g L?1 of test plants extracts significantly decrease leaf area, leaves, stem and root dry weight of Portulaca oleracea. Maximum leaf area (1010 cm2) was obtained from the untreated plants (0% extract), while the lowest value (166.6 cm2) occurred with 20 g L?1 water extract of sugar beet. High aqueous extract concentration (20 g L?1) of sugar beet decreased leaves, stem and root dry weight of purslane plants by 96%, 86.7% and 91.9% respectively.  相似文献   

7.
基于室内建筑污染的源作用与汇效应机理,并结合数值方法分析了源作用与汇效应在室内空气环境所对应的实际边界条件下的特征,所选择的反映实际边界条件的因素包括入室新风品质、新风量大小、室内温度水平以及汇与源作用面积比.研究结果表明,入室新风品质降低和新风量增大对材料散发强度与汇效应作用强度具有相反影响,但前者会使室内挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）平均浓度水平增大而后者会使其减小;同时,室内温度水平对材料散发强度和室内VOCs平均浓度水平的影响以及汇与源作用面积比对汇效应作用强度和室内VOCs平均浓度水平的影响具有同向性.此外,根据已建立的源散发模型和汇效应模型再结合实际边界条件是获取室内建筑污染源作用与汇效应特征的有效方法.  相似文献   

8.
为研究贮存高度和锯末覆盖厚度对猪粪NH3和温室气体排放量及其增温潜势的影响,以猪粪为贮存材料,锯末为覆盖材料,试验设2种猪粪贮存高度(20 cm和40 cm)和3种锯末覆盖高度(0、10 cm和20 cm),共6个处理,每个处理3个重复。通过动态箱技术对猪粪贮存过程中NH3和温室气体排放进行不间断测试,每小时测量一次进气口和排气口NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的质量浓度,进而计算增温潜势,共测量42 d。结果表明:猪粪便的贮存高度对各种气体排放量均有显著影响,与20 cm贮存高度的猪粪相比,40 cm贮存高度猪粪的NH3、N2O和CO2排放量显著降低,而CH4排放量显著增加。锯末覆盖降低了猪粪贮存过程中NH3和CO2的排放量,但是增加了CH4的排放量;锯末覆盖对不同贮存高度猪粪N2O排放量影响不同,锯末覆盖增加了20 cm贮存高度猪粪N2O排放量,却降低了40 cm贮存高度猪粪N2O排放量。各处理组单位质量猪粪排放的总温室气体增温潜势为36.62～62.83 g·kg-1(CO2基础)。覆盖可以减少猪粪贮存过程中总温室气体增温潜势11.59%～23.61%,但差异不显著。与20 cm贮存高度的猪粪相比,40 cm贮存高度显著降低了猪粪总温室气体增温潜势达36.26%～41.48%。研究表明,增加猪粪贮存高度可以减少猪粪贮存过程中总温室气体的增温潜势。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨海南燥红壤N_2O和CO_2排放对生物炭添加的响应,通过室内培养试验分析生物炭加入后对土壤化学性质、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量以及N_2O和CO_2排放通量及累积排放量的影响。试验设置CK(不施生物炭)、B1(2%生物炭)、B2(4%生物炭)、B3(6%生物炭)4个处理。结果表明:添加生物炭后,土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量显著提高,较CK增幅分别为67.4%～246.6%、38.6%～90.9%和696.0%～1 764.7%。相比于CK,不同量生物炭添加后均导致了NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量降低,总体上,不同处理NH_4~+-N浓度表现为CKB3B2B1,NO_3~--N含量表现为CKB1B2B3;随培养时间增加,各处理NH_4~+-N浓度呈下降趋势,NO_3~--N含量呈上升趋势。生物炭施用延后了N_2O排放通量出现峰值的时间。各处理之间N_2O和CO_2排放通量的变化过程大致表现出一致的趋势,即随培养时间延长,N_2O排放通量先升高后降低,CO_2排放通量先升高后趋于稳定。和CK相比,生物炭添加不同程度地促进了N_2O和CO_2排放,B1、B2和B3处理下N_2O累积排放量分别增加了399.2%、494.2%和194.5%,CO_2排放总量分别增加了87.6%、153.3%和147.6%。本研究结果显示,生物炭施用短期内促进了土壤N_2O和CO_2的排放通量。  相似文献   

10.
The current trend in modelling flow phenomena within trees such as in orchards follows the assumption of the space occupied by the trees as a porous and horizontally homogeneous medium to avoid the flow details associated with the individual plants. This being sufficient at a larger field or regional scale much has to be done at a plant scale to analyse the flow details within the plant and its elements especially for sensitive agricultural operations such as spraying. This article presents an integrated 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of airflow from a two-fan air-assisted cross-flow orchard sprayer through non-leafed orchard pear trees of 3 m average height. In this model the effect of the solid part of the canopy on airflow was modelled by directly introducing the actual 3D architecture of the canopy into the CFD model. The effect of small canopy parts, such as very short and thin branches and flowers that were not incorporated in the geometrical model, on airflow was simulated by introducing source-sink terms in the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) momentum and k-? turbulence equations in a sub-domain created around the branches. This model was implemented in a CFD code of ANSYS-CFX-11.0 (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). In this work it was possible to link the real 3D architecture of pear canopy into a CFD code of CFX. The model was able to capture the local effects of the canopy and its parts on wind and sprayer airflow directly by inserting the tree structure into the model which gave realistic results. The model showed that within the injection region of the sprayer there was an average reduction of the jet velocity by 1 m s−1 for a distance of 2.3 m from the sprayer outlet due to the presence of leafless pear canopy. This reduction was variable at different vertical positions due to the difference in the canopy density. Maximal effect of the canopy was observed in the middle height of the trees between 0.25 m and 2.5 m which is the denser region with a bunch of several branches. The maximum velocity difference observed between these two positions was 1.35 m s−1 at 1.75 m height. Thus, regions of high and low air velocity zones of the sprayer due to the variable branch density of the pear tree were predicted. The effects of wind speed and direction on the air jet from the sprayer were investigated using the model. For a cross- (direction of 90°) wind speed of 5 m s−1 there was about 2 m s−1 reduction in the sprayer jet velocity at the jet centre and 0.5 m horizontal shift of the jet centre towards the wind direction. Generally there was a decrease in the jet velocity with increasing cross-wind and decreasing wind direction with respect to the jet direction.  相似文献   

11.
为解决小麦生产中增施氮肥导致温室气体CO_2和CH_4排放增加、增温潜势较大等问题,采用田间试验法,研究减氮并配施不同氮转化调控剂等条件下的麦田土壤CO_2和CH_4排放规律、排放总量和二者的增温潜势。结果表明:麦田土壤是CO_2排放源,其排放通量在夏季较高,春、秋季次之,冬季最低;麦田土壤是CH_4弱吸收汇,季节性变化不明显;土壤温度、湿度、施肥等显著影响温室气体排放;与农民习惯施氮肥比,减氮处理的CO_2平均排放通量和排放总量分别显著降低8.3%～32.6%和7.8%～31.6%,减氮处理的CH_4平均吸收通量和吸收总量分别增加43.0%～130.8%和49.4%～138.5%,减氮处理的总GWP和净GWP分别降低7.9%～31.6%和14.5%～55.5%;与等氮量处理相比,配施氮转化调控剂处理的CO_2排放通量、排放总量分别降低5.9%～26.5%和6.6%～25.8%,CH_4平均吸收通量和吸收总量分别增加19.7%～61.3%和20.2%～59.7%,总GWP和净GWP降低6.6%～25.8%和12.6%～47.9%。结果表明,在农民习惯施氮肥基础上减氮和氮肥配施氮转化调控剂均显著减少麦田土壤CO_2排放、促进CH_4吸收、降低增温潜势。  相似文献   

12.
Agricultural buildings, especially those used for intensive livestock production, are significant sources of aerial pollutants. This paper explores some of the computational modelling methods available to predict near field concentrations of a pollutant emitted from a building opening. The modelling approaches used here are restricted in application to effectively weightless particles, such as a low concentration pollutant gas. The flow patterns were predicted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and linked to this computed flow field were two dispersion models, a Eulerian diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique, both used to predict ensemble mean gas concentration. Explicit account has been taken here of variations in mean wind direction, using a new technique based on the weighted summation of individual wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The atmospheric boundary layer is characterised by variations in wind direction that do not occur in simulated wind tunnel flows and are not generally reproduced in current computational methods. For comparison, the results of the modelling approach are compared with mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low rise building. The results of this comparison indicate that at a distance of more than three building heights downstream the predictions from both models are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. The weighted solutions, taking account of wind direction, give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. The use of modelling based on CFD and existing dispersion models is clearly limited and further work on non-steady state simulations of wake flows for dispersion studies is required.  相似文献   

13.
Ammonia emission is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen loss from agricultural cultivated field. In this paper, we report the measurement of ammonia emission from paddy rice field obtained by surface application of urea fertilizer with water management. The main objective of the present study were to assess the amount of NH3 emission and the loss of nitrogen from paddy field as affected by various N doses, i.e., 0 (control), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3) and 360 (N4) kg ha-1, following field surface application of urea fertilizer with water management. Ammonia emissions were measured by continuous airflow enclosure method from plots fertilized with the application of surface urea. Increase in urea-N dosage increased NH3 emission thatwas measured from paddy rice field. Ammonia emission started immediately and was almost complete within 12 days after top dressing of urea application to the soils. Ammonia emissions were nearly constant in all treatments from 12 days after fertilizer application. Highest ammonia emission rate was 28 g/day and total amount of ammonia emission was 56.21 kg ha-1 for 360 kg N ha-1 dose. No remarkable observation was found about temperature for ammonia emission. Due to proper water management practices less emission was observed throughout the experiment period. The results also show that N loss through NH3 emission accounted for 11 to 16% during the ricegrowing season. These magnitudes of loss of N appear to be most important for environmental point of view.  相似文献   

14.
我国畜禽养殖氨排放特征及减排体系构建研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
基于畜禽生产-污染防治大协同、污水-废气-固废处理小协同目标,开展各畜禽养殖模式氨排放特征分析。研究发现：相同清粪方式下,机械通风封闭化圈舍氨排放速率要小于自然通风开放式圈舍,相同通风方式下,圈舍氨排放速率表现为水冲粪 < 干清粪 < 垫草垫料 < 水泡粪,各畜种肥水储存模式氨排放最大;通过养殖模式与减排技术的政策、规范协调性分析,发现圈舍封闭化+机械通风、堆肥发酵、厌氧发酵等养殖模式,低蛋白日粮、排风口处理、覆盖、密闭堆肥+废气处理、粪肥机械深施等控氨技术可作为畜牧业氨减排的方向。明确了氨减排模式与技术的对应关系,构建了模式替代和技术减排相耦合的畜禽氨减排体系,提出了制定大气氨环境质量标准、畜禽养殖氨排放标准及配套的氨监测技术规范、畜禽养殖场氨减排核算技术规范及配套的氨减排工程建设技术规范等配套落地政策建议,为顺利推动畜禽氨减排试点工作提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

15.
为揭示村域氮素排放特征,以河北正定新安村为例,通过2016—2018年两个轮作周期对农户作物管理、作物产量等信息实地调研、取样分析,运用NUFER-Farm模型系统,研究了新安村氮素时空排放特征及其与作物种类、施氮量、灌溉、土壤质地等的关系。结果表明,两个轮作周期单位面积农田氮素总排放量和氧化亚氮排放量差异不显著,而硝态氮淋洗量和氨挥发量差异显著,第二个轮作周期单位面积农田硝态氮淋洗量和氨挥发量分别比第一个轮作周期增长60.1%和减少13.8%,造成差异显著的原因主要是气象条件和作物种类。季节上,两年单位面积农田氮素总排放量均为秋冬春季显著大于夏季。村内临近田块氮素排放差异较大,空间分布规律不明显;但到村域尺度,不同方位氮素排放空间分布上存在一定规律,如西北、东北、东南、西南方位单位面积农田氮素总排放量平均值分别为66.8、60.2、59.6、52.3 kg N·hm~(-2),其中西南方位氮素排放显著低于其他方位。村域农田氮素排放受到作物种类、施氮量、灌溉次数与土壤质地等因素显著影响。其中当地主要作物冬小麦、夏玉米和大豆单位面积农田氮素总排放平均值分别为40.5、28.5 kg N·hm~(-2)和5.3 kg N·hm~(-2),差异显著;两个轮作体系氮素总排放量均随施氮量、灌溉次数的增加而呈现增加的趋势;土壤质地对农田氮素总排放量也有较大影响,其中砂土、砂壤土和壤土单位面积农田氮素总排放平均值分别为78.2、60.4 kg N·hm~(-2)和51.0 kg N·hm~(-2),依次降低。总之,村域农田氮素排放具有较大的时空差异,更多受到田块作物种类、土壤条件、管理因素的影响,因此,村域氮素减排要针对田块采取优化施氮、节水灌溉、调整作物布局等措施。  相似文献   

16.
稻草还田和非稻季持续淹水是我国最重要的稻田管理方式之一,此种管理方式下稻田碳排放并不清楚。本研究以江汉平原中稻-冬闲制度为对象,探讨稻草还田耦合非稻季持续淹水对稻季碳排放的影响,为准确评估稻田温室气体排放提供数据支撑和理论支持。结果表明,在稻草秸秆全量覆盖还田下,非稻季自然排水比持续淹水显著降低稻季CH4累积排放量,稻季第一次排水晒田之前CH4排放占总排放量的80%以上;非稻季持续淹水使稻季CO2累积排放量比自然排水稍有降低,CO2排放主要集中在第一次排水晒田之后,占总排放量的60%左右。非稻季淹水降低稻季土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N和DOC浓度以及10 cm土层土壤Eh值,但使乙酸浓度升高,这可能是稻草还田耦合非稻季淹水导致CH4排放量增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

17.
农田氨排放影响因素研究进展   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  
从源头上控制对大气中PM2.5贡献率较高的氨排放,对降低大气污染物PM2.5含量、以及减少雾霾污染起着很重要作用。在农业源氨排放中,由农业活动(主要是施肥)导致的氨排放占整个农业源氨排放的40%。因此,总结农田氨排放的研究进展,分析影响农田氨排放的主要因素,描述农田氨排放的规律,对国家制定氨减排措施有指导意义。通过对农田氨排放影响因素的系统分析,发现影响农田系统氨排放的因素包括气象条件(温度、降水、风速和光照强度)、土壤因素(土壤类型、理化特性、含水量等)、施肥因素(肥料种类、施肥量、施肥方式及灌溉和施肥时期)、和农作物(种类,生长时期)。其中最主要的影响因素有:温度、风速、土壤pH、土壤粘粒含量、土壤有机质含量、土壤含水率、肥料类型、施肥量、施肥及灌溉的方式。其中温度、土壤pH、有机质含量以及施肥量与农田氨挥发量呈正相关关系;风速与含水率在一定范围内与氨挥发呈正比关系;土壤粘粒含量与氨挥发呈负相关。上述的研究都是基于合理施肥,增加氮肥利用率,减少氨排放导致的氮损失为目的的,而以减少环境污染物、保持空气质量为目的氨减排措施的研究较少。因此,开展农田氨排放污染系数的确定,建立农业氨排放清单模型的研究,可为环境相关部门有效控制和减少农业污染物的排放,促进农业生产健康良性发展和环境保护起支撑作用。  相似文献   

18.
畜禽氮（N）排放是全球人为氮排放的主要来源,探究其主要影响因素对畜禽氮减排具有重要意义。本研究通过分析全球166个国家畜禽的氮排放强度和氮利用率（NUE）明确畜禽氮排放特征,并运用计量经济学方法探究气候和社会经济因素对畜禽各阶段（包括饲料种植和畜禽养殖两个阶段）氮排放强度的影响。结果发现,当前全球全链条畜禽的总氮（活性氮,包括N2O、NH3、NO3-和NOx四种氮素形式）排放量为98 Tg,总NUE （包括饲料种植和畜禽养殖两阶段的全链条NUE）为7%,其中用于饲料种植的氮排放占78%。畜禽种类和养殖方式对氮排放强度（以畜禽蛋白质质量计）影响很大,散养鸡氮排放强度最高（1.9 kg·kg-1）,山羊和绵羊的氮排放强度最低（0.6 kg·kg-1）,反刍动物主要以草和秸秆为食,饲料种植阶段氮排放较低。全球鸡的总NUE最高（9%）,奶牛和奶水牛的总NUE最低（5%）,单胃动物的饲料转化率较高,因而总NUE高。畜禽氮排放与人均GDP、城市化率和降雨量呈极显著的正相关关系,与温度相关性不显著。研究表明：社会经济发展提升了饲料生产阶段的氮排放强度,但降低了畜禽养殖阶段的氮排放强度并推动了畜禽养殖业的发展。目前饲料生产阶段的氮排放未与经济发展脱钩,未来通过优化畜禽饲料管理推动氮减排至关重要。  相似文献   

19.
双氰胺和氢醌添加对堆肥温室气体排放的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
为实现畜禽粪便堆肥过程温室气体和NH3的同步减排,在添加一定氢醌的基础上,探究双氰胺添加比例和添加时间对堆肥温室气体和NH3排放的影响。以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,设置5个堆肥处理：对照处理,添加0.03%氢醌处理,在氢醌的基础上第19 d添加0.1%的双氰胺处理、第0 d添加0.2%的双氰胺处理和第0 d与19 d各添加0.1%的双氰胺处理。在60 L的发酵罐中进行40 d的堆肥试验。结果表明：添加干质量0.1%~0.2%的双氰胺和0.03%的氢醌并未对猪粪堆肥腐熟度造成影响;氢醌作为脲酶抑制剂对堆肥NH3和温室气体排放影响较小,在此基础上添加双氰胺可减少8.88%~12.94%的NH3排放、6.79%~13.55%的CH4排放和24.71%~35.83%的N2O排放,总温室效应可降低18.61%~19.97%。考虑到经济成本和减排效果,建议在堆肥降温期添加双氰胺。  相似文献   

20.
采用土壤盆栽法,研究了双氰胺(DCD)、硫脲(THU)和硫脲甲醛树脂(TFR)以及包硫尿素(SCU)对土壤氮素形态和小麦产量的影响。试验共设不施氮(CK)、单施尿素、包硫尿素(SCU)、以及尿素分别与DCD、THA、TUF的3个浓度梯度(分别按尿素用量的0.5%、1%、2%)配合施用共12个处理。结果表明:随添加浓度的增加,硝化抑制作用逐渐增强,高剂量硝化抑制剂显著降低土壤NO3--N含量,在2%添加浓度下,DCD、THU、TFR的土壤NO3--N浓度分别比单施尿素降低29%、22%和14%,对土壤表观硝化率的抑制强度也是2%DCD> 2%THU> 2%TFR;SCU处理与2%DCD作用强度接近,且在施用早期就体现抑制效果,并在追肥后第74d土壤表观硝化率显著低于使用硝化抑制剂的处理(P<0.05);硝化抑制剂和SCU都可以使土壤NH4+-N含量稳定在较高的水平,抑制剂用量越多,土壤NH4+-N含量越高;与单施尿素相比,尿素+DCD模式,均可提高小麦产量,且在0.5%、1%、2%添加浓度,都达到显著水平(P<0.05);THU在1.0%和2.0%添加浓度,小麦产量显著高于单施尿素,但增产效果次于DCD。总体上,包硫尿素(SCU)比硝化抑制剂在控释氮素方面效果更持久,而3种硝化抑制剂中,在控制土壤NH4+-N转化、土壤硝化抑制方面,DCD和THU优于TFR;作为外源添加物的抑制剂长期应用可能对土壤环境造成潜在的危害,不同硝化抑制在土壤中的形态归趋和长期作用还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

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