首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Grazing intensity may alter the soil respiration rate in grassland ecosystems. The objectives of our study were to (1) determine the influence of grazing intensity on temporal variations in soil respiration of an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau; and (2) characterise the temperature response of soil respiration under different grazing intensities. Diurnal and seasonal soil respiration rates were measured for two alpine meadow sites with different grazing intensities. The light grazing (LG) meadow site had a grazing intensity of 2.55 sheep ha−1, while the grazing intensity of the heavy grazing (HG) meadow site, 5.35 sheep ha−1, was approximately twice that of the LG site. Soil respiration measurements showed that CO2 efflux was almost twice as great at the LG site as at the HG site during the growing season, but the diurnal and seasonal patterns of soil respiration rate were similar for the two sites. Both exhibited the highest annual soil respiration rate in mid-August and the lowest in January. Soil respiration rate was highly dependent on soil temperature. The Q10 value for annual soil respiration was lower for the HG site (2.75) than for the LG site (3.22). Estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange from monthly measurements of biomass and soil respiration revealed that during the period from May 1998 to April 1999, the LG site released 2040 g CO2 m−2 y−1 to the atmosphere, which was about one third more than the 1530 g CO2 m−2 y−1 released at the HG site. The results suggest that (1) grazing intensity alters not only soil respiration rate, but also the temperature dependence of soil CO2 efflux; and (2) soil temperature is the major environmental factor controlling the temporal variation of soil respiration rate in the alpine meadow ecosystem.  相似文献   

2.
The annual and seasonal variations in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Rs) were assessed through continuous measurements during the 2004-2006 growing seasons using chamber-based techniques in two sub-alpine forest ecosystems in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The study sites were 40-year-old spruce plantations (Picea asperata) (FSPF) and Faxon Fir Primary Forest (FPF). Our results showed that Q10, regardless of site origin, exhibited a strong seasonal and annual variation pattern, and decreased with soil temperature increase. Estimated Q10 values ranged between 1.16 and 24.3. The maximum, annual, mean Q10 values remained consistent over 3 years, while the highest Q10 values (7.01 in FSPF and 6.39 in FPF) occurred in 2005 (for all sites). There was no significant difference observed among Q10 values between the two forest types in each year (2004-2006) (p = 0.07). Q10 values were fitted well with data of soil temperature using linear regression models, while the correlation between Q10 and soil moisture was not significant (p > 0.1). This study suggested that soil temperature was the dominant factor influencing Q10 values, while soil moisture was a potential contributor to the annual and seasonal variations of Q10 in a sub-alpine forest. Due to the complexity of correlation between Rs and soil moisture, Q10 values derived from annual and seasonal patterns of RS should be used with caution when predicting future soil CO2 emissions under conditions of global warming.  相似文献   

3.
Little research has been conducted on how to balance plant production and soil respiration (Rs) under seasonal grazing patterns in alpine meadows. Our results from 2009 to 2012 showed that warm season grazing (WG) from June to September significantly increased aboveground net primary production compared with no‐grazing (NG), except in 2010, and compared with cold season grazing (CG) except in 2012, while there were no significant differences between NG and CG except in 2009. In both WG and CG treatments, grazing increased root biomass at 0–40 cm depth compared with NG, except in 2011. WG and CG only significantly increased seasonal Rs in 2009. Daily Rs was mainly affected by soil temperature, which explained 40–49% of the variation in daily Rs for all grazing treatments. Seasonal Rs from July to September was significantly influenced by soil temperature and root biomass, which explained 55% of the variation in seasonal Rs for all grazing treatments. Therefore, relative to NG, regardless of WG and CG, moderate grazing significantly increased plant production and had little influence on soil respiration in this alpine region.  相似文献   

4.
Soil surface communities composed of cyanobacteria, algae, mosses, liverworts, fungi, bacteria and lichens (biocrusts) largely affect soil respiration in dryland ecosystems. Climate change is expected to have large effects on biocrusts and associated ecosystem processes. However, few studies so far have experimentally assessed how expected changes in temperature and rainfall will affect soil respiration in biocrust-dominated ecosystems. We evaluated the impacts of biocrust development, increased air temperature and decreased precipitation on soil respiration dynamics during dry (2009) and wet (2010) years, and investigated the relative importance of soil temperature and moisture as environmental drivers of soil respiration, in a semiarid grassland from central Spain. Soil respiration rates were significantly lower in the dry than in the wet year, regardless of biocrust cover. Warming increased soil respiration rates, but this response was only significant in biocrust-dominated areas (>50% biocrust cover). Warming also increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10 values) of soil respiration in biocrust-dominated areas, particularly during the wet year. The combination of warming and rainfall exclusion had similar effects in low biocrust cover areas. Our results highlight the importance of biocrusts as a modulator of soil respiration responses to both warming and rainfall exclusion, and indicate that they must be explicitly considered when evaluating soil respiration responses to climate change in drylands.  相似文献   

5.
Understanding the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature change and its impacting factors is an important base for accurately evaluating the response of terrestrial carbon balance to future climatic change, and thus has received much recent attention. In this study, we synthesized 161 field measurement data from 52 published papers to quantify temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different Chinese ecosystems and its relationship with climate factors, such as temperature and precipitation. The results show that the observed Q10 value (the factor by which respiration rates increase for a 10 °C increase in temperature) is strongly dependent on the soil temperature measurement depth. Generally, Q10 significantly increased with the depth (0 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm) of soil temperature measuring point. Different ecosystem types also exhibit different Q10 values. In response to soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm, alpine meadow and tundra has the largest Q10 value with magnitude of 3.05 ± 1.06, while the Q10 value of evergreen broadleaf forests is approximately half that amount (Q10 = 1.81 ± 0.43). Spatial correlation analysis also shows that the Q10 value of forest ecosystems is significantly and negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (R = −0.51, P < 0.001) and mean annual precipitation (R = −0.5, P < 0.001). This result not only implies that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration will decline under continued global warming, but also suggests that such acclimation of soil respiration to warming should be taken into account in forecasting future terrestrial carbon cycle and its feedback to climate system.  相似文献   

6.
色季拉山4种林型土壤呼吸及其影响因子   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
土壤碳是森林生态系统最大的碳库,是其森林生态系统碳循环的极其重要组分。森林土壤呼吸时陆地生态系统土壤呼吸的重要组成部分,其动态变化对全球碳平衡有着重要的影响,然而目前对藏东南地区森林土壤呼吸的研究还比较薄弱。为探讨不同林型土壤呼吸差异及其影响因子,采用Li-8100便携式土壤呼吸测定仪,研究了藏东南色季拉山4种原始森林生态系统(高山灌丛AS、方枝柏SS、杜鹃RF、急尖长苞冷杉AGSF)的土壤碳动态。结果表明:(1)藏东南色季拉山寒温带森林土壤呼吸具有明显的日变化和季节变化。在日变化方面,CO2的排放通量存在明显的日变化规律,排放通量在白天16:00左右最高,最低值出现在凌晨6:00左右,一天内土壤呼吸作用均呈单峰型曲线变化。季节变化方面,CO2排放的通量的季节变化趋势表现为6月份随着天气转暖和植被生长土壤呼吸作用逐渐增大,7月份气温最高时土壤呼吸作用也达到最大值随后,9月份气温逐渐下降,土壤呼吸作用也逐渐降低。(2)4种森林类型的土壤呼吸速率在植物生长季内与土壤表层(10 cm)土壤温度均呈不同程度的正相关,而与土壤含水量的相关性较弱。土壤温度是决定藏东南色季拉山土壤呼季节变化的主要因子。该研究为明确森林生态系统土壤呼吸变化规律及其影响因素的控制提供参考,同时对估算地区碳平衡、评估区域碳源汇具有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
Understanding the spatial variation of temperature sensitivity (i.e. Q10) of soil respiration (Rs) and its controlling factors, is critical to improve the precision of carbon budget estimations at regional scales. In this study, data from 2-3 continuous years of Rs measurements over 15 ecosystems of ChinaFLUX were summarized to analyze the response of Rs to soil temperature. Moreover, we improved our dataset by collecting previously published Q10 values from 34 ecosystems in China. The ecosystems studied were located in the main climatic zones of China, spanning from alpine via temperate to tropical. Spatial variations of Q10 and its controlling factors were analyzed. The results showed that soil temperature at a 5 cm depth satisfactorily explained the seasonal variations in Rs of the 15 ChinaFLUX ecosystems (R2 varying from 0.37 to 0.83). Based on the overall data, the Q10 values of Rs in China ranged from 1.28 to 4.75. The spatial variations in Q10 were primarily determined by soil temperature during measurement periods, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and ecosystem type. Ecosystems in colder regions and with higher SOC content had relatively higher Q10 values. Moreover, ecosystems of different vegetation types showed different Q10 values. A temperature- and SOC-dependent function for Q10 is suggested, which could be a valuable reference for improving the regional-scale models of Rs and ecosystem carbon cycles.  相似文献   

8.
Soil respiration (SR) is highly sensitive to future climate change, and particularly to global warming. However, considerable uncertainties remain associated with the temperature sensitivity of SR and its controlling processes. Using 384 field measurement data from 114 published papers and one book, this study quantifies the variation in the seasonal Q10 values of soil respiration, the multiplier by which respiration rates increase for a 10 °C increase in temperature, and its drivers across different sites. No significant correlation between Q10 and mean annual temperature or mean annual precipitation is found when statistically controlling seasonal changes in vegetation activity, deduced from satellite vegetation greenness index observations (normalized difference vegetation index, or NDVI). In contrast, the seasonal amplitude of NDVI is significantly and positively correlated with the apparent Q10 of SR. This result indicates that the variations of seasonal vegetation activity exert dominant control over the variations of the apparent Q10 of SR across different sites, highlighting the ecological linkage between plant physiological processes and soil processes. It further implies that the seasonal variation of vegetation activity may thus dominate the apparent seasonal temperature sensitivity. We conclude that the apparent Q10 value of SR estimated from field measurements is generally larger than the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition, and thus cautions should be taken when applying apparent Q10 values directly in ecosystem models. Our regression analysis further shows that when the amplitude of NDVI variation approximates 0 (and thus when the seasonality in vegetation activity is marginal), the residual Q10 of SR for soil temperature measured at 5 cm depth is about 1.5.  相似文献   

9.
《Pedobiologia》2014,57(4-6):263-269
Nitrogen (N) availability is an important factor that determines ecosystem productivity and respiration, especially in N-limited alpine ecosystems. However, the magnitude of this response depends on the timing and amounts of N input. Moreover, we have only a limited understanding of the potential effects of the timing of N fertilization on ecosystem carbon (C) and N processes, and activities of the soil microbes. A nitrogen fertilization experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau to determine how plant productivity and ecosystem respiration (RE) respond to the timing and amount of N application. In this study, half of the N was added either in the early spring (ES), before the growing season, or in the late fall (LF), after the growing season. All treatments received the other half of the N in mid-July. Three N levels (10, 20, 40 kg N hm−2 yr−1) were used for each of two N treatments, with no N addition used as a control. Plant aboveground biomass, ecosystem respiration (RE) and soil respiration (RS) were measured for the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The LF treatment enhanced ecosystem CO2 efflux compared with the ES treatment at high N addition levels, resulting from an increase of soil dissolved organic C (DOC) and soil microbial activity. The ES treatment resulted in increased plant aboveground biomass when compared with LF during both growing seasons, although this increase accounted for little variation in ecosystem and soil respiration. Overall, the ES treatment is likely to increase the ecosystem C pool, while the LF treatment could accelerate ecosystem C cycling, especially for the high N treatment. Our results suggest that supplying N during the early stage of the growing season benefits both forage production and soil C sequestration in this alpine ecosystem.  相似文献   

10.
Studies on the effect of elevated CO2 on C dynamics in cultivated croplands are critical to a better understanding of the C cycling in response to climate change in agroecosystems. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and different N fertilizer application levels on soil respiration, winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 14） plants were exposed to either ambient CO2 or elevated CO2 （ambient [CO2] ＋ 200 μmol mol-1）, under N fertilizer application levels of 112.5 and 225 kg N ha-1 （as low N and normal N subtreatments, respectively）, for two growing seasons （2006-2007 and 2007-2008） in a rice-winter wheat rotation system typical in China. A split-plot design was adopted. A root exclusion method was used to partition soil respiration （RS） into heterotrophic respiration （RH） and autotrophic respiration （RA）. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment increased seasonal cumulative RS by 11.8% at low N and 5.6% at normal N when averaged over two growing seasons. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced （P 〈 0.05） RS （12.7%）, mainly due to the increase in RH （caused by decomposition of larger amounts of rice residue under elevated CO2） during a relative dry season in 2007-2008. Higher N supply also enhanced RS under ambient and elevated CO2. In the 2007-2008 season, normal N treatment had a significant positive effect （P 〈 0.01） on seasonal cumulative RS relative to low N treatment when averaged across CO2 levels （16.3%）. A significant increase in RA was mainly responsible for the enhanced RS under higher N supply. The correlation （r2） between RH and soil temperature was stronger （P 〈 0.001） than that between RS and soil temperature when averaged across all treatments in both seasons. Seasonal patterns of RA may be more closely related to the plant phenology than soil temperature. The Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10 ℃ increase in soil temperature） values of RS and RH were not affected by elevated CO2 or higher N supply. These results mainly suggested that the increase in RS at elevated CO2 depended on the input of rice residue, and the increase in RS at higher N supply was due to stimulated root growth and concomitant increase in RA during the wheat growing portion of a rice-winter wheat rotation system.  相似文献   

11.
Nitrogen (N) deposition to semiarid ecosystems is increasing globally, yet few studies have investigated the ecological consequences of N enrichment in these ecosystems. Furthermore, soil CO2 flux – including plant root and microbial respiration – is a key feedback to ecosystem carbon (C) cycling that links ecosystem processes to climate, yet few studies have investigated the effects of N enrichment on belowground processes in water-limited ecosystems. In this study, we conducted two-level N addition experiments to investigate the effects of N enrichment on microbial and root respiration in a grassland ecosystem on the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. Two years of high N additions (9.2 g N m−2 y−1) significantly increased soil CO2 flux, including both microbial and root respiration, particularly during the warm growing season. Low N additions (2.3 g N m−2 y−1) increased microbial respiration during the growing season only, but had no significant effects on root respiration. The annual temperature coefficients (Q10) of soil respiration and microbial respiration ranged from 1.86 to 3.00 and 1.86 to 2.72 respectively, and there was a significant decrease in Q10 between the control and the N treatments during the non-growing season but no difference was found during the growing season. Following nitrogen additions, elevated rates of root respiration were significantly and positively related to root N concentrations and biomass, while elevated rates of microbial respiration were related to soil microbial biomass C (SMBC). The microbial respiration tended to respond more sensitively to N addition, while the root respiration did not have similar response. The different mechanisms of N addition impacts on soil respiration and its components and their sensitivity to temperature identified in this study may facilitate the simulation and prediction of C cycling and storage in semiarid grasslands under future scenarios of global change.  相似文献   

12.
A great deal of uncertainty is associated with estimates of global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions because emissions from arid and polar climates were not included in the estimates due to a lack of available data. In particular, very few studies have assessed the response of N2O flux to grazing under future warming conditions. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of warming and grazing on N2O flux at different time scales for three years under a controlled warming-grazing system. A free-air temperature enhancement system (FATE) using infrared heaters and grazing significantly increased soil temperatures for both of growing (average 1.8 °C in 2008) and no-growing seasons (average 3.0 °C for 3-years) within 20-cm depth, but only warming reduced soil moisture at 10-cm soil depth during the growing season during the drought year of 2008. Generally, the effects of warming and grazing on N2O flux varied with sampling date, season, and year. No interactive effect between warming and grazing was found. Warming did not affect annual N2O flux when grazing was moderate during the growing season because the tradeoff of the effect of warming on N2O flux was observed between the growing season and no-growing season. No-warming with grazing (NWG) and warming with grazing (WG) significantly increased the average annual N2O flux (57.8 and 31.0%) compared with no-warming with no-grazing (NWNG) and warming with no-grazing (WNG), respectively, indicating that warming reduced the response of N2O flux to grazing in the region. Winter accounted for 36-57% of annual N2O flux for NWNG and NWG, whereas only for 5-8% of annual N2O flux for WNG and WG. Soil temperature could explain 5-35% of annual N2O flux variation.  相似文献   

13.
Chamber measurements of total ecosystem respiration (TER) in a native Canadian grassland ecosystem were made during two study years with different precipitation. The growing season (April–September) precipitation during 2001 was less than one-half of the 30-year mean (1971–2000), while 2002 received almost double the normal growing season precipitation. As a consequence soil moisture remained higher in 2002 than 2001 during most of the growing season and peak aboveground biomass production (253.9 g m−2) in 2002 was 60% higher than in 2001. Maximum respiration rates were approximately 9 μmol m−2 s−1 in 2002 while only approximately 5 μmol m−2 s−1 in 2001. Large diurnal variation in TER, which occurred during times of peak biomass and adequate soil moisture, was primarily controlled by changes in temperature. The temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) for ecosystem respiration was on average 1.83 ± 0.08, and it declined in association with reductions in soil moisture. Approximately 94% of the seasonal and interannual variation in R10 (standardized rate of respiration at 10 °C) data was explained by the interaction of changes in soil moisture and aboveground biomass, which suggested that plant aboveground biomass was good proxy for accounting for variations in both autotrophic and heterotrophic capacity for respiration. Soil moisture was the dominant environmental factor that controlled seasonal and interannual variation in TER in this grassland, when variation in temperature was held constant. We compared respiration rates measured with chambers and that determined from nighttime eddy covariance (EC) measurements. Respiration rates measured by both techniques showed very similar seasonal patterns of variation in both years. When TER was integrated over the entire growing season period, the chamber method produced slightly higher values than the EC method by approximately 4.5% and 13.6% during 2001 and 2002, respectively, much less than the estimated uncertainty for both measurement techniques. The two methods for calculating respiration had only minor effects on the seasonal-integrated estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange and ecosystem gross photosynthesis.  相似文献   

14.
The timing and magnitude of rainfall events in arid and semiarid regions are expected to change dramatically in future decades, which will likely greatly affect regional carbon cycles. To understand how increases in rainfall affect the diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities (Q10) of soil respiration (RS) and its key components (i.e. heterotrophic respiration (RH) and autotrophic respiration (RA)), we conducted a manipulative field experiment in a desert ecosystem of Northwest China. We simulated five different scenarios of future rain regimes (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% increase over local annual mean precipitation) each month from May to September in 2009. We measured RS and RH every three hours on 6 and 16 days after the rain addition, and estimated RA by calculating the difference between RS and RH. We found that rain addition significantly increased the daily mean RS and its components on the two measurement days during the growing season. However, the diurnal pattern was different between the two respiration components. Rain addition significantly increased the daily Q10 value of RH but suppressed that of RA on Day 6. Rain addition had no influence on daily Q10 value of both respiration components on Day 16 when soil moisture was lower. In addition, we observed significantly higher daily Q10 of RH than RA under all five rain addition treatments, indicating that microbial respiration is more temperature sensitive than root respiration in a short-time scale in this desert ecosystem. Thus, partitioning soil respiration into its two components, and analyzing the differential responses of RH and RA to future climate changes should be considered for more accurate predictions of soil respiration and regional carbon cycle in these arid and semiarid regions.  相似文献   

15.
Pasture and afforestation are land-use types of major importance in the tropics, yet, most flux tower studies have been conducted in mature tropical forests. As deforestation in the tropics is expected to continue, it is critical to improve our understanding of alternative land-use types, and the impact of interactions between land use and climate on ecosystem carbon dynamics. Thus, we measured net ecosystem CO2 fluxes of a pasture and an adjacent tropical afforestation (native tree species plantation) in Sardinilla, Panama from 2007 to 2009. The objectives of our paired site study were: (1) to assess seasonal and inter-annual variations in net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of pasture and afforestation, (2) to identify the environmental controls of net ecosystem CO2 fluxes, and (3) to constrain eddy covariance derived total ecosystem respiration (TER) with chamber-based soil respiration (RSoil) measurements. We observed distinct seasonal variations in NEE that were more pronounced in the pasture compared to the afforestation, reflecting changes in plant and microbial activities. The land conversion from pasture to afforestation increased the potential for carbon uptake by trees vs. grasses throughout most of the year. RSoil contributed about 50% to TER, with only small differences between ecosystems or seasons. Radiation and soil moisture were the main environmental controls of CO2 fluxes while temperature had no effect on NEE. The pasture ecosystem was more strongly affected by soil water limitations during the dry season, probably due to the shallower root system of grasses compared to trees. Thus, it seems likely that predicted increases in precipitation variability will impact seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in Central Panama, in particular of pasture ecosystems.  相似文献   

16.
A reliable determination of the response of soil organic carbon decomposition to temperature is critical in the context of global warming. However, uncertainties remain in estimated temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, which may be partly due to different experimental conditions. To investigate the possible effects of laboratory incubation procedures on estimated Q10 value, soil samples taken from various ecosystems were incubated under changing temperature with different experimental conditions or procedures: 1) different rate of temperature change; 2) different intervals of temperature change; 3) equilibration time after temperature change; 4) the duration of chamber closure and 5) the size of incubated soil sample. The results indicated that respiration rate was affected by experimental procedures. The respiration rate of soil samples containing high concentration of organic carbon decreased quickly if the soil container sealed longer than 2 h. Estimated Q10 values across all soils ranged from 1.56 to 2.70, with respect to the effects of incubation procedures. Temperature rate change, equilibration time, the duration of chamber closure and soil sample size had no effect on estimated Q10 values of soil respiration. However, Q10 values derived from temperature changing intervals of 2 and 7 °C were significantly different, despite the fact that the exponential function fitted well for the relationship between respiration rate and temperature for both intervals. The results of these experiments suggested that incubation procedures have different effects on measured soil respiration and estimated Q10 values. For soil incubations of short-duration, the effects of incubation procedures on soil respiration and estimated Q10 values based on respiration rate should be appropriately tested with experimental setting-up, and estimating Q10 values with few temperatures should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.
We examined the CO2 exchange of a Kobresia meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau using a chamber system. CO2 efflux from the ecosystem was strongly dependence on soil surface temperature. The CO2 efflux-temperature relationship was identical under both light and dark conditions, indicating that no photosynthesis could be detected under light conditions during the measurement period. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of the CO2 efflux showed a marked transition around −1.0 °C; Q10 was 2.14 at soil surface temperatures above and equal to −1.0 °C but was 15.3 at temperatures below −1.0 °C. Our findings suggest that soil surface temperature was the major factor controlling winter CO2 flux for the alpine meadow ecosystem and that freeze-thaw cycles at the soil surface layer play an important role in the temperature dependence of winter CO2 flux.  相似文献   

18.
全球变暖增加寒潮天气发生的频率和强度,影响土壤呼吸及其各组分,但有关增温和寒潮对亚热带森林土壤呼吸及其各组分的影响研究仍十分缺乏。通过壕沟法分离土壤呼吸,并利用土壤呼吸高频自动监测系统研究增温对寒潮期间亚热带常绿阔叶天然林土壤总呼吸、根呼吸与微生物呼吸的影响。结果表明：(1)寒潮发生时,对照和增温处理中土壤总呼吸速率分别显著下降45.93%和25.68%,土壤微生物呼吸速率分别显著下降51.25%和35.54%。但寒潮并没有影响增温处理中根呼吸速率,而对照处理中根呼吸速率在寒潮时显著下降39.72%。(2)观测期间,增温对总呼吸和根呼吸的日动态模式的影响在寒潮不同阶段具有明显差异,增温导致寒潮发生前后土壤总呼吸和根呼吸日峰值出现时间分别提前1,2 h,而寒潮发生时,对照和增温处理中土壤总呼吸和根呼吸的日峰值出现时间同步。(3)观测期间,增温后土壤总呼吸、根呼吸和微生物呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10值)均下降,而根呼吸的Q10值均高于微生物呼吸。因此,准确了解寒潮等极端天气下的土壤总呼吸、根呼吸和微生物呼吸的变化及其对增温的响应,对于提高气候变暖后土...  相似文献   

19.
模拟降水氮沉降对藏北高寒草甸土壤呼吸的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
全球范围内大气氮沉降量的升高,增加了陆地生态系统的氮输入,从而影响土壤CO2的排放。2014年采用生长季（6-8月）喷洒添加定量NH4NO3液体的方式模拟降水氮沉降,参照中国氮沉降分布格局决定氮素添加剂量为40kgN·hm-2·a-1（N40）,以喷洒等量清水为对照（CK）。生长季内定期测定植物群落生物量,并利用LI-8100土壤碳通量测量系统,选两个典型晴天进行土壤呼吸速率日动态变化过程测定,同时在6月下旬-9月初定期测定土壤呼吸速率,以探究氮沉降增加对藏北高寒草甸土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明：（1）氮沉降使高寒草甸地上生物量显著增加（P<0.05）。（2）高寒草甸生长季土壤呼吸具有明显的典型日动态变化和生长季变化。典型日动态呈双峰曲线,土壤呼吸速率最大值出现在13：00-14：00和16：00;生长季变化呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在8月,生长季初期和末期土壤呼吸速率较低。（3）氮沉降极显著促进了高寒草甸的土壤呼吸,与对照相比,生长季平均土壤呼吸速率增加66.1%（P<0.001）。（4）土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤湿度和地上生物量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.001）。（5）氮沉降对土壤呼吸的温度敏感性无显著影响。研究结果说明在高寒草甸,由于氮沉降导致地上地下生物量增加,从而导致土壤呼吸速率的增加。  相似文献   

20.
Most soil respiration measurements are conducted during the growing season. In tundra and boreal forest ecosystems, cumulative winter soil CO2 fluxes are reported to be a significant component of their annual carbon budgets. However, little information on winter soil CO2 efflux is known from mid-latitude ecosystems. Therefore, comparing measurements of soil respiration taken annually versus during the growing season will improve the accuracy of ecosystem carbon budgets and the response of soil CO2 efflux to climate changes. In this study we measured winter soil CO2 efflux and its contribution to annual soil respiration for seven ecosystems (three forests: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and Betula platyphylla forest; two shrubs: Rosa bella and Malus baccata; and two meadow grasslands) in a forest-steppe ecotone, north China. Overall mean winter and growing season soil CO2 effluxes were 0.15-0.26 μmol m−2 s−1 and 2.65-4.61 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively, with significant differences in the growing season among the different ecosystems. Annual Q10 (increased soil respiration rate per 10 °C increase in temperature) was generally higher than the growing season Q10. Soil water content accounted for 84% of the variations in growing season Q10 and soil temperature range explained 88% of the variation in annual Q10. Soil organic carbon density to 30 cm depth was a good surrogate for SR10 (basal soil respiration at a reference temperature of 10 °C). Annual soil CO2 efflux ranged from 394.76 g C m−2 to 973.18 g C m−2 using observed ecosystem-specific response equations between soil respiration and soil temperature. Estimates ranged from 424.90 g C m−2 to 784.73 g C m−2 by interpolating measured soil respiration between sampling dates for every day of the year and then computing the sum to obtain the annual value. The contributions of winter soil CO2 efflux to annual soil respiration were 3.48-7.30% and 4.92-7.83% using interpolated and modeled methods, respectively. Our results indicate that in mid-latitude ecosystems, soil CO2 efflux continues throughout the winter and winter soil respiration is an important component of annual CO2 efflux.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号