共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
自主创新实现杂交水稻研发新飞跃 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
杂交水稻经历了由三系杂交稻、两系杂交稻到超级杂交稻的发展历程，取得了一系列重大科技成果，对中国乃至世界的粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。阐述了袁隆平院士提出的攻克超级杂交稻第3期育种目标、实施“种3产4”丰产工程和拓展杂交水稻国际化开发等新时期杂交水稻研发的重大目标，提出了以分子育种技术的运用、C4型杂交水稻的研究和杂交水稻产业化开发为突破口，坚持自主创新，实现杂交水稻研发新飞跃的战略措施。 相似文献
2.
杂交水稻不育系种子的质量与杂交稻种子质量密切相关 ,不育系的纯度问题是杂交稻生产中的一个十分重要问题。本文通过两次鉴定结果比较 ,分析了不育系杂株类型、来源及相应对策 ,这对提高水稻不育系和杂交稻种子的产量、质量有重要的生产实际意义。 相似文献
3.
为筛选适合湘西自治州花垣县种植的一季杂交水稻品种,于2013年分别以10个三系和16个两系杂交水稻品种为材料开展了品种比较试验。结果表明:(1)各品种均能在9月上旬成熟,从生育期来看,各品种均适合在花垣县种植;(2)各三系杂交稻品种产量在7 560~10 020 kg/hm2之间,各两系杂交稻品种产量在7 275~9 870kg/hm2之间;(3)三系杂交稻品种湘优1126和两系杂交稻品种两优5219产量最高,是花垣县水稻品种的首选;此外,三系杂交稻品种湘香优1011、蓉18优198、湘香优529和两系杂交稻品种Y两优6号、深两优3059、广两优1128、两优5218、两优3219产量在9 000 kg/hm2以上,也是较为理想的选择;(4)本试验条件下,生育期、株高、穗长与产量关系不大,与产量相关性最明显的产量构成因素是穗粒数,因此选择穗型较大的品种有利于高产。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
超级杂交稻育种三步法设想与实践 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
介绍了国内外水稻超高产育种的基本情况,提出了当前我国水稻超高产育种面临的新问题,即超级稻品种资源匮乏、部分超级杂交稻组合适应性较差、超高产水稻育种理论过于模式化等。针对当前形势,结合多年育种实践,提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线。超级亲本要求综合性状优良,产量水平或库容量达到或基本达到各级区试对照杂交稻组合的水平。超级杂交稻组合的标准是品质优、适应性广、耐肥抗倒、对主要病虫害达中抗以上水平,产量水平较国家或省区试中对照增产8%左右。其选育的技术路线是通过双亲最佳组配方式,增加选择压力,注重理想株型和优良生理机能及其各性状间的高度协调。超级杂交制种产量水平根据不育系的类型来确定,其中早稻类型不育系杂交制种产量要求大面积达到3.75 t/hm2以上,中稻类型的不育系要求达到5.25 t/hm2以上。其技术路线是通过选择最佳的制种基地,选用库容量大和异交结实特性好的不育系,通过超大行比与超常规培育父本措施提高父本的花粉量,从而提高制种产量。按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出几个增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合。 相似文献
8.
谈三系杂交水稻超高产制种配套组装技术 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
简述了中国水稻和杂交水稻育种的三个发展阶段,和杂交水稻制种技术所经历的四个发展阶段,以及不同阶段提高制种产量所采取的不同技术策略。分析了三系杂交水稻制种产量构成的四大支柱,并针对制种产量构成特点,提出杂交水稻超高产制种技术策略与配套的化控调节技术路线。通过制种"五改",结合化控调节技术,夺取杂交水稻超高产制种配套新技术的突破,解决了中国杂交水稻制种需要割叶剥苞、花时落后、青秕谷多"三大难题",实现三系杂交稻大面积制种单产300 kg/667 m2、最高制种单产451.46 kg/667 m2的突破。介绍了现代杂交水稻规模化超高产制种配套组装技术要点。 相似文献
9.
《杂交水稻》2015,(5):1-4
杂交水稻的推广应用为中国粮食安全作出了重大贡献,但近年来随着农业规模化、机械化的迅速发展,杂交水稻生产受到巨大冲击,种植面积减少,且有进一步下降的趋势。分析认为,阻碍中国杂交水稻发展的主要因素有:杂交水稻原有的产量优势、种子价格优势和育秧技术优势正在消失或不复存在,杂交水稻的某些主要性状不适应现代农业生产的要求,种田大户需求变化对杂交水稻提出了更高要求。针对这些问题,提出了相应的解决策略,一是通过培育超高异交结实率的不育系,筛选最佳制种基地和时段进行全程机械化制种,大幅度提高杂交稻制种产量和质量,把杂交稻种子生产成本降低50%;二是政府部门、种子企业和科技人员要各司其职,在推进作物生产方式转型的同时,着力解决杂交水稻生产中存在的问题,确保杂交水稻可持续发展。 相似文献
10.
中国杂交水稻制种技术的发展 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
我国杂交水稻制种技术的发展，大体经历了３个阶段。１９７３－１９８０年，是杂交稻制种技术的摸索阶段。每备产量由最初的６ｋｇ提高到５０ｋｇ；１９８１－１９８５年，是杂交稻制种技术的完善阶段，每亩产量连续登上７５ｋｇ及１００ｋｇ两个新台阶；１９８６年开始，我国的杂交水稻制种已进入超高产制种技术的研究阶段，并取得了突破性进展，每亩产量已突破１５０ｋｇ。随着超高产制种技术的全面推广，每亩产量可望突破２００－ 相似文献
11.
12.
回顾了杂交中粳育种历程,总结分析了不同时期育成品种表现及生产应用存在的问题;结合近年育成新品种的大面积生产实践,讨论了在解决杂交粳稻普遍存在的优势不强、米质不佳、结实率低、繁制种产量不高等难题的最新进展,介绍了主配不育系的选用类型、提高恢复系产量、注重早期选择开花习性好的双亲等几点做法和品质、结实性、株型等改良的基本策略,三系杂交中粳已开始步入较快发展时期。 相似文献
13.
To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years. 相似文献
14.
杂交水稻机械化制种的技术探索与实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
居高不下的杂交水稻制种成本已经成为制约杂交稻推广应用的主要因素之一。本文详细地分析了国内外杂交水稻机械化制种的现状,总结机械化制种存在的困难和问题,针对我国当前形势和耕作制度的特点,结合多年育种实践,提出了通过培育小粒型不育系,利用不育系与恢复系种子粒型（主要是粒厚）的显著差异,实现父母本混播混收、收获后机械分离获得杂交种子的全程机械化制种设想。提出了适合机械化制种的小粒不育系应具备的性状特征。按此设想,笔者团队选育出了综合性状优良的小粒型不育系卓201S、南3502S、展998S等,并配组了系列高产、优质的杂交稻组合卓两优581、卓两优141、南两优1998等,成功实现这些杂交稻的高效机械化制种。卓201S等小粒型不育系及其系列杂交组合的育成,是杂交水稻机械化制种品种选育的重大突破。 相似文献
15.
16.
安徽省三系杂交籼稻育种现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了安徽省２０ａ来三系杂交籼稻的育种成就和存在问题,指出今后的育种目标应主攻早熟、优质、超高产,并选育适于机械化制种和耐旱的组合;技术路线上早杂以选育早熟恢复系,中晚杂以选育优质不育系,亚种间组合以选育广亲和不育系为主。 相似文献
17.
LuChuan-gen ZouJiang-shi 《水稻科学》2005,12(1):1-6
Since the breakthrough of grain yield owing to the development of dwarf rice and three-line system hybrid rice, rice breeding for high yield hardly had showed significant progress in the next successive two decades. It was considered that utilizing heterosis between subspecific varieties (Oryza sativa L.) would be an effective approach to increase yield further. During 1987-1993,an indica-japonica hybrid Yayou 2 yielded as high as 10.5 t/ha; however, it failed to be commercialized because of seed purity problem due to non-uniform emasculation by chemical agent in seed production, and sensitivity of seed setting in F1 plants to environmental conditions. In the past decade, two inter-subspeific hybrids, Liangyoupeijiu (Peiai 64S/9311, javanica/indica) and Liangyou E32 (Peiai 64S/E32, javanica/japonica); both of them exhibited grain yield higher than 10.5 t/ha, and were widely judged as the pioneers of super hybrid rice. Liangyoupeijiu has been successfully popularized over 4 million hectare in wide climatic areas, while Liangyou E32 made a yield record and offered a model of plant ideotype for super hybrid rice. It was considered that in combination with plant ideotype, active physiological functions, and wide-range adaptability to ecological conditions, exploitation of indica-japonica heterosis would be the key approach for super hybrid rice breeding. 相似文献
18.
利用粳型亲籼恢复系组配的籼粳亚种间杂交稻的实用性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用空间诱变育成的粳型亲籼恢复系，分别与多个不育系配组成杂交组合种植，连续3a观测了同一恢复系与不同不育系配成的各组合和同一组合在不同年份、不同季节的结实率和籽粒充实度表现，并对一些组合进行产量比较试验。结果表明：由这类型亲籼恢复系与籼型不育系配成的籼粳亚种间杂交稻组合，其结实率高，籽粒饱满度好，且季节间、年度间均表现稳定，特别是部分组合的单产和日产量均显著高于对照。可见，这类粳型亲籼系在杂交水稻育种和生产上有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
19.
20.
籼型三系杂交水稻米质现状研究 总被引：44，自引：8，他引：44
以具广泛代表性的６ 个不育系和９ 个恢复系及其配制的５４ 个组合为材料研究了现有籼型三系杂交水稻米质状况。结果表明,参试组合的大多数米质性状均表现良好：在分析的１１ 个性状中有５ 个（糙米率、精米率、精米长、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量）全部达到部颁二级优质米标准,２ 个性状（精米长宽比和蛋白质含量）二级达标率在７７．８％ 以上。但在垩白粒率、垩白大小、整精米率、胶稠度等４ 个性状上达标率低,存在明显的不足。提出了在杂交稻优质育种中不育系应注重降低垩白、提高胶稠度,恢复系应把降低垩白粒率、提高整精米率作为主攻目标,兼顾蛋白质含量的改善。 相似文献