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1.
为了探究不同品种、胎次、断配间隔和输精次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验以健康、体况相近的长白猪、大白猪、长白猪和大白猪的二元杂交猪为研究对象,采用单次输精和传统深部人工授精配种试验猪,记录每窝产仔总数、产活仔数、产健仔数和初生窝重繁殖信息,研究不同品种、胎次、断配间隔和输精次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：长白猪和二元杂交猪母猪的窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数及平均初生窝重差异不显著(P>0.05),且均显著优于大白猪母猪(P<0.05)。不同胎次母猪繁殖性能差异较大,母猪在第1胎或第2胎时繁殖性能最佳,窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数和平均初生窝重分别为13.01头、12.96头、12.28头和19.85 kg;第3胎和第4胎时繁殖性能趋于稳定,第5胎后明显下降;第6～8胎繁殖性能最差,窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数和平均初生窝重分别为11.54头、11.45头、10.89头、17.46 kg,除窝均产健仔数与第5胎差异不显著外(P>0.05),其他指标均显著低于其他胎次(P<0.05)。断配间隔为1 d或2 d的母猪繁殖性能最佳,... 相似文献
2.
为了研究窝产活仔数对仔猪初生重及断奶重的影响,试验在某国家生猪标准化示范场分别选择窝产活仔数为9~13头仔猪的6窝,共计30窝330头哺乳仔猪,分别测定初生重、断奶头数及21日龄断奶重,并对窝产活仔数进行方差及相关性分析。结果表明：初生重除9头组与11,12,13头组间差异显著外（P〈0.05）,其他各组间均差异不显著（P〉0.05）;断奶重除9头组与11,12,13头组及10头组与12,13头组间差异显著外（P〈0.05）,其他各组间均差异不显著（P〉0.05）。窝产活仔数与初生重及断奶重均呈极强负相关（R=-0.587,-0.734,P〈0.01）。说明当窝产活仔数从9~13头逐渐升高时,初生重及断奶重有呈下降的趋势,且有较强的相关性。 相似文献
3.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(22)
为了研究窝产活仔数对仔猪初生重及断奶重的影响,试验在某国家生猪标准化示范场分别选择窝产活仔数为9~13头仔猪的6窝,共计30窝330头哺乳仔猪,分别测定初生重、断奶头数及21日龄断奶重,并对窝产活仔数进行方差及相关性分析。结果表明:初生重除9头组与11,12,13头组间差异显著外(P0.05),其他各组间均差异不显著(P0.05);断奶重除9头组与11,12,13头组及10头组与12,13头组间差异显著外(P0.05),其他各组间均差异不显著(P0.05)。窝产活仔数与初生重及断奶重均呈极强负相关(R=-0.587,-0.734,P0.01)。说明当窝产活仔数从9~13头逐渐升高时,初生重及断奶重有呈下降的趋势,且有较强的相关性。 相似文献
4.
《养猪》2015,(6)
以262窝PIC母猪所产的2 396头仔猪为研究对象,探讨窝产活仔数对仔猪初生重、28日龄断奶重及断奶成活率的影响。结果表明,随着窝产活仔数的增加,仔猪初生窝重、28日龄断奶窝重增加,断奶成活率降低。不同窝产活仔数间的初生窝重差异极显著(P0.01),窝产活仔数9~11头间的断奶窝重差异不显著,但极显著大于窝产活仔数6、7头(P0.01),断奶成活率以窝产活仔数6~11头较好(90%以上);不同窝产活仔数间的初生个体重差异不显著(P0.05),窝产活仔数6~10头间的断奶个体重差异不显著(P0.05),极显著大于窝产活仔数11头和12头(P0.01)。窝产活仔数与初生窝重、28日龄断奶窝重呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.917和0.589;与初生个体重呈负相关,相关系数为-0.105;与28日龄断奶个体重及28日龄断奶成活率呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.417和-0.581。本试验条件下,窝产活仔数在10~11头之间可以取得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
5.
为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。 相似文献
6.
可乐猪繁殖规律的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对毕节地区可乐猪的研究结果发现,初产可乐母猪的各项繁殖性能指标均有随着选育代数的增加而提高的趋势,且第1胎的初生重与产活仔数呈反比关系.其产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重、育成率分别从第一世代的4.60头、3.20头、8.59 kg、65.97%提高到第五世代的5.89头、5.16头、9.10 kg、87.61%,提高幅度较大.经产可乐猪的产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重也分别从第一世代的8.12头、7.20头、10.26kg,提高到第四世代的8.61头、7.62头、10.42 kg,提高幅度较明显. 相似文献
7.
测定84头新关系杜洛克母猪的窝产活仔数、分娩胎次、初生窝重、21日龄窝重,分别按照窝产活仔数分组进行方差分析和性状间的相关回归分析,探讨分娩胎次对猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：窝产活仔数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重组间差异均呈极显著（P〈0．01）,初生窝重在窝产活仔猪数为9头和10头,7、8、9头差异不显著,其余各组之间差异显著或极显著。21日龄窝重在窝产活仔数为7、8、9、10、13头之间差异均不显著。对窝产活仔数与分娩胎次、初生窝重、21日龄窝重进行相关分析,分娩胎次与21日龄窝重指标不相关,其余各组指标均达到极显著（P〈0．01）水平。综合分析表明猪窝产活仔数在10～12头可取得最佳经济效益． 相似文献
8.
本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因第10外显子AluⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第1至第3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,PRLR基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点,且AA基因型都是其优势基因型。关联分析结果表明,大白猪AA基因型个体第1、2和3胎各繁殖性状均呈现出高于AB和BB基因型的趋势。在繁殖性能已经稳定的第3胎次AA基因型个体产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及断奶成活率比BB基因型个体平均分别高出0.31头、0.63头、0.02头、0.65 kg和0.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
9.
对江苏省某国家生猪核心育种场丹系大白母猪各胎次的产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重、断奶窝重等繁殖性状进行了比较和相关性分析,旨在进一步了解丹系大白猪的繁殖性能,为后备母猪的选种选育提供参考。结果表明,丹系大白母猪第1、2胎产仔数较少,至第3胎达到最高为10.39头,后趋于稳定。不同胎次对产活仔数与断奶仔猪数的影响与产仔数的变化趋势基本一致。不同胎次的仔猪初生窝重基本持平,并以第3胎最高为14.81 kg。各胎次断奶窝重基本稳定。相关性分析表明,丹系大白母猪第3胎与第4胎产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重呈显著正相关,第2胎与第5胎的产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重间均呈显著负相关。第4胎与第5胎断奶仔猪数有显著负相关。第4胎和第5胎的断奶窝重有显著正相关。第3胎繁殖性能相对稳定,可以反映母猪繁殖性能,因此丹系大白母猪第3胎次的繁殖性能可作为选育后备母猪的重要依据。 相似文献
10.
以311窝长大母猪所产的3 148头仔猪为研究对象,探讨窝产活仔数对初生重、28日龄断奶重及哺育率的影响。结果表明,随着窝产活仔数的增加,仔猪初生窝重、28日龄断奶窝重增加,而初生个体重、哺育率降低。相近窝产活仔数间的初生重、28日龄断奶重、哺育率差异不显著(P>0.05),而不同梯度间差异极显著(P<0.01)。窝产活仔数与初生窝重、28日龄断奶窝重均成极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.739和0.525;与初生窝均重成显著负相关,相关系数为-0.344;与28日龄断奶个体重成极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.351;与28日龄哺育率成极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.363。本试验条件下,窝产活仔数在10~11头之间可以取得较高的经济效益。 相似文献
11.
为了比较不同规模猪场不同胎次母猪繁殖力的高低,本研究采集了106家不同规模猪场母猪的详细生产数据。按母猪实际存栏头数将猪场划分为<1 000、1 000~5 000、5 000~10 000和≥10 000头4个规模,分析不同规模猪场母猪1~9胎次活仔率、健仔率、畸形仔率、死胎率、木乃伊率、断奶活仔率及窝均产总仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生个体重、窝均出生窝重等相关繁殖指标的差异。结果表明,在胎次相同的情况下,猪场活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率随着饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐升高的趋势,而畸形仔率、死胎率和木乃伊率则呈相反趋势。母猪实际存栏头数≥10 000头的猪场1~7胎次（第4胎除外）的活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率均显著高于<1 000头猪场（P<0.05）,而与其他两个规模猪场差异不显著（P>0.05）。母猪存栏数<1 000头的猪场1、2、3、5、7胎次的死胎率显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。各个胎次的窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产健仔数、畸形仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、出生窝重都随着猪场饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势。<1 000头的猪场第2、3胎的母猪窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生窝重均显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。综上,养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力均产生较大影响,中大规模猪场（≥1 000头）的母猪繁殖力整体上低于小规模猪场（<1 000头）,但仔猪的体况和成活率要优于小规模猪场。 相似文献
12.
母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对产仔性能和胎盘脂质氧化代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对产仔性能和胎盘脂质氧化代谢的影响,以探索母猪妊娠期脂肪沉积与繁殖性能的关系。本试验度量了846头经产大白母猪妊娠第109天时的背膘厚度,并分为3组,背膘厚度≤18 mm的为第1组(母猪192头),背膘厚度为19~22 mm的为第2组(母猪265头),背膘厚度≥23 mm的为第3组(母猪389头)。记录母猪分娩后的产仔性能,测定胎盘组织中脂质、氧化产物水平及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:1)尽管母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对总产仔数、产活仔数及木乃伊数无显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响了死胎数、初生窝重、初生头重和胎盘效率(P0.05)。其中,第2组的初生头重、初生窝重及胎盘效率显著高于其他2组(P0.05);第2组的死胎数显著低于第1组(P0.05),与第3组差异不显著(P0.05)。值得注意的是,母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度显著影响每窝初生重≤0.9 kg的仔猪数和每窝初生重≤1.0 kg的仔猪数(P0.05),第3组的每窝初生重≤0.9 kg的仔猪数和每窝初生重≤1.0 kg的仔猪数均显著高于其他2组(P0.05)。2)在第3组的胎盘组织中,不仅甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)的水平显著高于其他2组(P0.05),而且丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)水平也显著高于其他2组(P0.05),同时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于其他2组(P0.05)。3)妊娠末期母猪胎盘组织中ROS水平与总产仔数、初生窝重及胎盘效率呈显著负相关(P0.05),而MDA水平与总产仔数呈显著负相关(P0.05)。由此可知,母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度与产仔性能密切相关。妊娠末期维持背膘厚度在19~22 mm,母猪可获得较高的产仔性能;背膘厚度≤18 mm时,会增加死胎数;而背膘厚度≥23 mm时,会引起胎盘组织中脂质过度沉积,从而加剧胎盘氧化应激的发生。 相似文献
13.
Productivity and profitability of twin births in beef cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Data from 1,277 single and 85 twin calvings, occurring in both spring and fall from 1980 through 1987, were used to examine the productivity and profitability associated with twin births in beef cattle. Pregnancies in pure and crossbred cattle resulted from both AI and embryo transfer. Cows and calves were confinement-housed. Cows were individually fed to specification. Calves were given ad libitum access to creep feed and those born in 1986 and 1987 were fed to slaughter. The influence of birth number of gestation length, total calf birth and weaning weights, lactation yield, and cow fed intake during both the dry and lactating periods were examined. Twin-bearing cows had their gestation length shortened by 6.4 d (2%); yielded 25.5 (59) and 186.0 kg (73%) more weight of calf at birth and weaning, respectively; had lactation yield and lactation feed intake increased by 25 and 20%, respectively; and had precalving (dry) period feed intake no different from their single-bearing counterparts (P = .12). Postweaning growth was not different for single and twin calves (P = .50); twin gain, relative to initial size, was higher. Feedlot feed intake of twins was 85% of that for singletons (P = .20). Twins were 90% of singleton live weight at slaughter and yielded 93% of singleton hot carcass weight (P = .12). Twins were slightly older and significantly leaner at slaughter. Returns less feed costs showed twin births to be associated with increased profit for cow-calf programs. Returns less feed and overhead costs were higher for twin calves than for singles in the feedlot. 相似文献
14.
Genetic control of the environmental variance for birth weight in seven generations of a divergent selection experiment in mice 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Formoso‐Rafferty I. Cervantes N. Ibáñez‐Escriche J.P. Gutiérrez 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(3):227-237
Data from seven generations of a divergent selection experiment designed for environmental variability of birth weight were analysed to estimate genetic parameters and to explore signs of selection response. A total of 10 783 birth weight records from 638 females and 1127 litters in combination with 10 007 pedigree records were used. Each record of birth weight was assigned to the mother of the pup in a heteroscedastic model, and after seven generations of selection, evidence of success in the selection process was shown. A Bayesian analysis showed that success of the selection process started from the first generation for birth weight and from the second generation for its environmental variability. Genetic parameters were estimated across generations. However, only from the third generation onwards were the records useful to consider the results to be reliable. The results showed a consistent positive and low genetic correlation between the birth weight trait and its environmental variability, which could allow an independent selection process. This study has demonstrated that the genetic control of the birth weight environmental variability is possible in mice. Nevertheless, before the results are applied directly in farm animals, it would be worth confirming any other implications on other important traits, such as robustness, longevity and welfare. 相似文献
15.
纯种和牛快速扩繁关键技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为达到快速扩繁纯种和牛的目的,试验从供体牛高强度超数排卵、胚胎性别鉴定及不同品种受体牛移植对产犊、妊娠期和犊牛初生重的影响进行研究。结果表明,纯种和牛连续超排9次,每次间隔30 d,第2次头均回收胚数22.78枚,显著高于第5~9次结果（P< 0.05）,其余各组之间无显著差异（P> 0.05）;第1~3次头均可用胚数分别为8.67、13.78、8.56枚,组间无显著差异（P> 0.05）,第2次头均可用胚数显著高于第4~9次头均可用胚数（P< 0.05）,极显著高于第7、9次头均可用胚数（P< 0.01）。性别鉴定胚胎和常规胚胎移植妊娠率和产犊率差异均不显著（P> 0.05）,性别鉴定胚胎的母犊率为95.56%。西门塔尔杂交牛受体产犊率高于和牛杂交牛、荷斯坦奶牛受体,但差异不显著（P> 0.05）。和牛杂交牛受体妊娠期极显著高于西门塔尔杂交牛和荷斯坦奶牛受体（P< 0.01）,西门塔尔杂交牛和荷斯坦奶牛之间差异不显著（P> 0.05）;西门塔尔杂交牛受体所产和牛母犊初生重显著高于和牛杂交牛受体（P< 0.05）,极显著高于荷斯坦奶牛受体（P< 0.01）,3个品种受体牛产和牛公犊初生重之间差异不显著（P> 0.05）;同一品种受体牛其产公、母犊牛的妊娠期及初生重均相近。 相似文献
16.
BI Jiang-hua FENG Chun-tao LI Su-xia LIN Hui-liang SUN Gui-lai FANG Jin-wu LI Shu-jing 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(6):1784-1789
In order to rapid propagation of purebred Wagyu, the experiment were conducted to study the effects of high intensity superovulation, embryo sex identification and different breeds recipient cattle on calving, gestation period and calf birth weight. Wagyu were superovulated repeatedly for nine times with a 30 days interval. The results indicated that the average number of total embryos collected at the second time was 22.78, which was significantly higher than those of the fifth to ninth times (P< 0.05),and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant difference between the number of transferable embryos in the first to third times (P> 0.05). The available embryos number of the second times superovulation were significantly higher than those of the fourth to ninth times (P< 0.05),and were remarkably significantly higher than those of the seventh and ninth times (P< 0.01). There were no observably differences of pregnant rate and calving rate between sex identified embryos, and regular embryos respectively (P> 0.05).The female calf percentage of sexed embryos was 95.56%. The calving rate of the Simmental-catalo receptors were higher than those of Wagyu-catalo and Holstein receptors (P> 0.05). The gestation period of Wagyu-catalo were remarkably significantly greater than those of Simmental-catalo and Holstein receptors (P< 0.01), however, there was no significant difference between Simmental-catalo and Holstein receptors (P> 0.05). The birth weight of female calves calved by Simmental-catalo receptors were higher than those of Wagyu-catalo (P< 0.05), which was extremely significantly higher than those of Holstein receptor (P< 0.01). The male calf birth weight was no significant difference in the three breeds receptors (P> 0.05). There were obvious differences between male and female calves in gestation and birth weight with in the same recipient breed. 相似文献
17.
N. G. Hossein‐Zadeh 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(6):780-787
Calving records of Iranian Holsteins from April 1998 to September 2006 comprising 16 herds with 104 572 calving events representing 4045 twin births were used to evaluate reported open days, calving difficulties and calf birth weight in single‐ and twin‐births and the relationship exists between twinning and milk production. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyse dystocia for single‐ and twin‐births. In addition, statistical analyses of 305‐day milk yield, open days and calf birth weight were performed using the general linear models procedure. The odds of dystocia was greater after twin births [p < 0.0001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.32]. The odds of dystocia decreased from parity 1 to parity 2 and beyond (p < 0.0001; OR = 0.44). Open days were significantly different between single (129.28 days) and twin (144.88 days) births (p < 0.05). Calf birth weights were significantly greater for singletons than twins (43.33 kg vs. 34.36 kg; p < 0.05). In addition, twin‐calved cows had greater 305‐day milk production than single‐calved cows (p < 0.05). In general, development of practical management strategies to cope with the negative effects associated with twinning on dairies is critical, especially if the trend towards increased twinning in the dairy cattle population continues. 相似文献
18.
Calf mortality data were summarized from four experiments, including a total of 15,694 birth records over 39 herd-years. Two experiments at Waikite and Waikeria were long-term, straightbred Angus and Hereford selection trials and the other two, at Goudies and Tokanui stations, were comparisons of 11 sire breeds mated to Angus and Herefore cows. The objective of the analyses was to study the relationship between birth weight (BW) and calf mortality for both calf sexes and for different dam age or parity groups. Overall calf death rates from birth to weaning were greater (P less than .01) from 2-yr-old than from older dams at Waikite (13.4 vs 5.3%) and Waikeria (14.7 vs 5.2%). Sex differences in death rate within 2 d of birth were small for calves from older dams. Death rate of males vs females from 2-yr-old dams were 9.1 vs 3.2% (Waikite) and 17.7 vs 10.5% (Waikeria). Mature Angus dams at Goudies had 3.7% calf deaths at birth (4.9 vs 2.4% for males vs females), a further 1.8% calf deaths to weaning and 4.6% assisted births. The BW of calves at Waikite from Angus 2-yr-old vs older dams averaged, respectively, 6.8 and 6.5% of their dam's precalving live weights. Corresponding figures for Waikeria Angus were 7.8 and 6.6% and for Waikite Herefords, 7.3 and 6.9%. Quadratic regressions revealed that, on a whole-herd basis, a small increase in BW would have no effect on total mortality at Waikeria and would decrease total mortality at Waikite; regression lines were different in shape and minimum value for calves from the two dam age groups. Quadratic models also provided an adequate fit to data from Goudies and Tokanui. There was no particular threshold BW. 相似文献
19.
[目的]为探讨BMY牛及各种杂交牛在楚雄区域常规饲养状态下的生产性能,给该区肉牛改良方向提供科学依据。[方法]测定楚雄区域内各杂交牛的初生、6月龄体尺、体重。[结果]平均初生、6月龄体重以西本杂的为最高,分别为24kg、122．7kg,其次是短本杂交牛,分别为22．25kg、118．3kg,第三为BMY杂交牛,分别为20．15kg、98．8kg,第四是滇中牛,分别为15．90kg、75．5kg。[结论]不同品种杂交牛的生长性能都比滇中牛有很大的提高,改良效果好。 相似文献