共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
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苹果贮藏期间常见果肉褐变类型及防治石建新，闫晓芳（山西省农科院农产品贮藏保鲜研究所太原０３００３１）果肉褐变是苹果贮藏期间常见的一种病害。受害果实的果肉或全部褐变或部分褐变；褐变区域或仅局限于果肉部分或波及果心和果皮；褐变组织或坚实、湿润或松散、干燥... 相似文献
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梨果肉褐变机理和防褐变技术的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
褐变是果实采后贮藏过程中普遍存在的一种现象,不仅影响外观,而且风味和营养也因之发生变化,尤其在果肉颜色较浅的梨果实上发生的褐变,影响更为显著.当梨果实受到机械损伤或处于不良环境条件下,果实内多酚类物质在多酚氧化酶(PPO)等一系列酶的作用下氧化,而呈褐色. 相似文献
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鲜切苹果酶促褐变底物研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《现代园艺》2015,(15)
以富士、嘎啦和乔纳金3个苹果品种为试验材料,研究了褐变底物对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响。试验结果表明:鲜切富士、嘎啦和乔纳金苹果在贮藏过程中色泽(L*值)和硬度值均呈下降趋势,其中富士苹果的色泽和硬度下降最慢,贮藏14d,L*值和硬度分别下降9.6%、34.56%,比较适合做鲜切苹果加工材料;不同品种鲜切苹果酶促褐变底物不同,其中富士和嘎啦的酶促褐变是以绿原酸和表儿茶素为底物,而乔纳金的酶促褐变是以绿原酸为底物。 相似文献
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如何防止苹果贮藏期生理病害 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
苹果贮藏过程中,常见生理病害主要有苦痘病、虎皮病、果肉褐变病、CO_2中毒和缺O_2伤害等,如何防止苹果贮藏期生理病害,是提高贮藏效果、获取理想收益的保证。 1 苦痘病 苦痘病主要是果实含钙量较低及氮钙比较高引起,也与成熟期气温偏高、干旱、水分失调、修剪过重和贮期温度过高等因素有关。发病初期果皮下果肉发生褐变,果面出现暗色凹陷圆斑,绿色品种圆斑呈深绿色,红色品种圆斑呈紫红色。斑下果肉坏死干缩,深达果肉内数毫米至1cm,味微苦。此后病斑显著凹陷,变为深褐色至黑褐色。病斑发生部位靠近果顶,贮藏初期1～2 相似文献
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砂梨果肉褐变与酚类物质及相关酶活性的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】为了探明砂梨褐变的内在机制,为砂梨贮藏与加工过程中品种选择和褐变控制提供理论依据,【方法】以11个砂梨品种的成熟果实为试材,测定总酚与酚类物质组成及含量、GSH含量、PPO、SOD、CAT、PAL、POD酶活性等相关指标。【结果】结果表明,不同品种酶促褐变程度有很大差别,‘新兴’和‘早生黄金’褐变较重,而‘秋黄’和‘丰水’较轻。绿原酸、儿茶素、芦丁和没食子酸是梨果肉中含量较高的酚类物质。总酚含量与果实褐变度相关性最高,绿原酸次之,儿茶素最低。【结论】梨果肉褐变相关酶活性与酚类物质组分及含量对其酶促褐变的影响程度因品种不同而存在差异。梨果肉酶促褐变与总酚和绿原酸含量的相关度高于与酶类的相关度。 相似文献
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以'西扶1号'和'清香'核桃果实为试材,在(0±0.5)(2±0.5)(5±0.5)(8±0.5)℃温度下贮藏0、30、45 d和60 d后移至(20±1)℃,测定其货架期3 d时的外观、褐变指数、软褐率、色泽和裂果率的变化,以期筛选出核桃适宜的冷藏温度和品种.结果表明:'西扶1号'核桃果实的褐变指数、软褐率、裂果率显著低于'清香'核桃果实,其感官品质更优;2个品种核桃果实在(0±0.5)℃贮藏后货架期的外观、褐变指数、裂果率及软褐率均显著低于其它温度处理,色泽保持最好.因此,(0±0.5)℃为保持核桃果实货架期感官品质的适宜贮藏温度,2个品种中以'西扶1号'果实的货架期感官品质较好. 相似文献
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不同丝瓜品种褐变相关基因的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以7种不同丝瓜品种为试验材料,对采后丝瓜果实进行褐变鉴定,测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及相关基因的表达量。结果表明:"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"属于抗褐变品种;"苏丝4号""苏丝5号""苏丝10号"属于耐褐变品种;"苏丝8号"属于严重褐变。从褐变酶POD和PPO变化来看,"苏丝8号"POD活性高达456.7 U·mg-1,抗褐变品种"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"POD活性均在250 U·mg-1。"苏丝8号"PPO活性为68.2 U·mg-1,"苏丝3号"PPO活性最小,低至25.2 U·mg-1。从褐变基因的变化来看,"苏丝8号"在LcPOD家族基因表达中均高于对照"苏丝3号",其中LcPOD3基因表达量高达5.23,是对照的5倍以上,其它的丝瓜品种LcPOD3基因变化不显著。褐变品种"苏丝8号"在LcPPO基因家族中上调显著,表明"苏丝8号"果实褐变时促进LcPPO基因家族的表达,从而转录翻译成PPO加快果实的褐变。与对照相比,丝瓜褐变基因LCWRKY在"苏丝8号"中上调显著,表明其参与了丝瓜果实采后褐变。其它丝瓜品种LCWRKY上调不显著。 相似文献
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C. Rößle T. R. Gormley F. Butler 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):62-67
SummaryPrevention of browning in fresh-cut fruit is of major commercial significance as fresh-cut fruit salads are major players in the international marketplace. Natureseal® AS1 and AS5 browning inhibitors out-performed ascorbic acid and citric acid in tests with fresh-cut wedges of ‘Bramley’ apple. A dipping regime of 2 min in 6% (w/v) AS1 solution was found to be optimal, as longer dip-times and higher concentrations led to significant residues of AS1 on the fresh-cut ‘Bramley’ wedges. Tests on fresh-cut wedges from ten apple cultivars indicated that AS1 was significantly beneficial (P < 0.001) to maintain wedge colour during chill-storage in all cultivars, with the exception of ‘Shampion’, which had a low browning tendency and performed equally well with or without AS1. Tests on the anti-oxidant status of a generic fruit salad, which was not treated with AS1 and stored for 15 d, indicated a significant reduction in anti-oxidant status, due largely to the depletion of vitamin C (from 137 to 97 mg 100 g?1 DW). Total phenolics contents remained relatively constant over the 15-d storage period. The outcomes from these trials have been presented to commercial food companies with a view to their uptake. 相似文献
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The total phenolics content, browning susceptibility, antioxidant capacity, and other physicochemical attributes of five cultivars of apple with different chilling hours requirements were studied to be minimally processed. Granny Smith (GS) and Red Delicious (RD) cultivars (high chill requirement), and Caricia (C), Eva (E), and Princesa (P) cultivars (low chill requirement) were studied. The flesh color, firmness, juiciness, pH, acidity, soluble solids, and flesh browning development, and total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity in flesh and peel were determined. All attributes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.001) among cultivars. RD showed the highest values of soluble solids and pH, and GS, the lowest. GS and P had the highest values of firmness and juiciness. GS, P, and E showed the lowest browning development. RD had the highest phenol content in flesh, followed by E and C. Phenolic content in peel was 2–5 times higher than in flesh for all varieties. The antioxidant capacity of RD flesh was higher than the other four apple cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of the apple peel was 2–4 times higher than the flesh, being RD the highest, followed by C, GS, and P with 50% less. Considering the lower browning development, and higher values of firmness and juiciness, GS and P would be the most suitable cultivars for minimal processing. If fresh-cut apples are not peeled, GS and P would increase their phenolic content in 28–56% and their antioxidant capacity in 65–78%. 相似文献
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翠冠与玉冠梨果实发育过程中色素、糖、酸累积特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为进一步明确不同皮色梨品种果实色素、内在品质成分的变化特性,以褐皮梨新品系玉冠与绿皮梨品种翠冠为试材,测定了果实发育进程中纵横径、果皮与果肉色素含量的动态变化,以及在成熟至采收期间,可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、糖含量的变化特性。结果显示,2品种果实发育均呈"S"型曲线动态变化,果皮与果肉总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量及在测定期间的动态变化规律亦无显著差异。在成熟前14d至采收,果实生长趋缓,糖、酸含量急剧变化,2品种表现出各自特点,生产上应针对不同品种的内在品质形成特性,适期采收。 相似文献
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苹果果实酶促褐变底物及多酚氧化酶活性的研究 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：21
以5个苹果品种为试材，研究了果实的褐变度，绿原酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素含量及多酚氧化酶(PPO)对不同底物的活性。结果表明，‘富士’果实褐变度最高，其次为‘新红星’，‘金冠’最低。3种酚类物质总量新红星和富士最高，金冠最低。儿茶素仅在‘乔纳金’和金冠果实中检测到少量。富士果实绿原酸含量显著高于表儿茶素，新红星和‘王林’表儿茶素含量显著高于绿原酸。以绿原酸为底物，PPO活性新红星最高，其次是富士和金冠，王林最低。以表儿茶素为底物，富士、乔纳金和王林PP0活性显著高于金冠和新红星。以儿茶素为底物，王林PPO活性最高，其次是富士，新红星最低。 相似文献
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Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante Cristiano André Steffens Luiz Carlos Argenta 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Covering apple orchards with nets protects them from hailstorms but this changes the amount and quality of the light supplied to the trees. This study was carried out to assess the effects of shade provided by white protection net on yield and fruit quality of apple orchards in Southern Brazil, along three growing seasons (2002/2003, 2003/2004, and 2004/2005). ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple trees (on MM111 rootstock, raised as slender spindles, with a spacing of 5.5 m × 3 m) were left uncovered (control trees) or covered with white net. The white net reduced the photosynthetically active radiation (λ = 400–700 nm) accumulated over the trees’ canopy along a day by 18.4%, leading to a higher leaf chlorophyll content in both cultivars, and a higher specific leaf area in ‘Gala’. The shade provided by the net did not affect yield and increased fruit average weight in both cultivars. At harvest, the number of seeds per fruit and severity of russet were not affected by netting in both cultivars, as well as the incidence of watercore in ‘Fuji’. The main beneficial effects of the white net were the reduced incidence of sunburn on ‘Gala’, reduced incidence of bitter pit during cold storage in both cultivars, and reduced incidence of apple scab at harvest and of decay after cold storage in ‘Fuji’. Fruit fly damage in ‘Gala’ (assessed in one season) was reduced by netting. However, netting affected negatively some fruit quality attributes. ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples from trees protected by the net had a poor skin color (pale blush and a more intense green background color) at harvest. The net reduced flesh firmness and SSC, and increased the starch index of ‘Gala’ apples at harvest, and reduced flesh firmness and SSC, assessed after cold storage and shelf life, in fruits of both cultivars. 相似文献
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富士苹果果实外观品质性状的遗传 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过以富士为亲本的12个杂交组合、502株实生树果实性状的调查,研究了富士苹果果实外观品质性状的遗传趋势。结果表明,富士苹果的果实大小是受多基因控制的数量性状,参试亲本存在明显的非加性效应,杂交后代果实普遍变小,平均单果重均低于亲中值,正交和反交组合间无明显差异,组合间平均传递力为78.6%。各杂交组合后代的果形变异较复杂,但多数后代表现为亲本果形,组合间果形指数差异较小,变异系数为4.23%～8.41%。果实底色遗传以加性效应为主,绿色对黄色具有一定遗传优势。果实的彩色表现为简单遗传,红色对黄色为显性;红色的着色程度由多基因控制,后代分离出多种表型;果色遗传与正反交无关;条红对片红显性。果实锈斑和果面光洁度受多基因控制。红色基因可能对果实锈斑和果面光洁度具有一定显性上位作用,表现为“一因多效”。 相似文献
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荔枝果皮褐变程度的数学模型研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确荔枝采后果皮褐变的程度,为生产上的分级和研究中定量果皮的褐变程度提供依据,以淮枝、糯米糍、桂味为材料,研究了采后其果皮颜色变化过程中亮度(L*)、色饱和度(C*)、色度角(h)值及a*值和b*值的变化规律,探讨这些指标与褐变程度的关系,并推导出褐变与这些指标变化相关的方程式。结果表明,色度指标L*,a*,b*和C*值的变化均可用于衡量荔枝果皮的褐变程度,其中以C*值的相关性最高,并确定了3个品种荔枝C*值与褐变程度的对应关系,将荔枝果皮褐变程度数量化,建立荔枝果皮褐变程度的数学模型。 相似文献
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番茄绿果与红果颜色性状遗传的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以绿果番茄‘绿樱’和红果番茄‘TTD1003A’为亲本材料,构建4个世代P_1、P_2、F_1和F_2遗传群体,采用标准比色卡,对成熟果实的果色、果皮色、果肉色和胎座胶状物质颜色进行观察分析。结果表明:在F_2代分离群体中,果色分离比例为,红︰棕︰黄︰绿=9︰3︰3︰1;果皮色为,黄色︰透明=3︰1;果肉色为,红︰浅黄︰浅绿=12︰3︰1,即果色、果皮色和果肉色的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,且分别由两对、一对和两对核基因控制;果实绿色相对果实红色为隐性,果皮透明相对果皮黄色为隐性,果肉浅绿色相对果肉红色为隐性,果皮与果肉颜色独立遗传。同时,运用色差仪测定果实表面颜色的L值、a值和b值,计算色光值后,运用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传分析法分析得出:番茄果实绿色对红色的遗传可能符合两对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性多基因遗传(MX2-ADI-AD),其中两对主基因均以加性效应为主,第一对主基因的加性作用更为明显。在F_2代中,色差仪测定指标的主基因遗传率为76%~89%,而多基因遗传率接近0,即该组合控制果色性状的主基因遗传力很高,多基因遗传力很低,对番茄果色的选择应在分离早期世代进行。 相似文献