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1.
以‘XR4347’冬小麦品种为供试作物,在温室内开展盆栽试验。设置低氮（N0.5,74 mg ·kg-1）,中氮（N1.5,223 mg·kg-1）和高氮（N3,446 mg·kg-1）3个氮素水平,各氮素水平下设置3种水分处理,分别为W85:干旱锻炼（40%土壤持水量（SWHC））后复水至85% SWHC;W60:干旱锻炼后复水至60% SWHC;W40:干旱锻炼后复旱至40% SWHC,研究氮素水平及干旱锻炼后复水程度对小麦生理特性及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：干旱锻炼后复水能够改善植株水分状况,但中氮和低氮处理时,复水程度过高降低小麦根水势（RWP）。叶片气孔导度（gs）受水力信号和脱落酸（ABA）信号的调控,叶片内在水分利用效率（WUEint）与gs呈显著负相关关系,因此降低复水程度或增施氮肥通过调控gs提高WUEint。干旱锻炼后复水程度高增加小麦叶面积（LA）、地上部干物质量（SDB）和植株耗水量（PWU）,促进氮素吸收,但降低根系生长。与复水程度相比,氮素水平对植株水分利用效率（WUEp）的影响更显著,高氮处理在保证SDB积累的同时使PWU降低9.1%,WUEp提高10.1%。植株叶片的碳同位素组成（δ13C）随着氮素水平的提高而增加,WUEp与叶片δ13C呈显著正相关关系,表明叶片δ13C可以用来表征干旱锻炼条件下WUEp的高低,增施氮肥通过增强叶片的光合能力或优化调控叶片的气孔开度提高WUEp。在所有处理中,N3W85和N3W60处理在保证SDB积累的同时提高WUEp,但N3W60处理的PWU显著降低10.4%且根冠比较高,相比之下更有利于小麦植株的生长且节约灌溉用水,为本试验的最优处理。因此,在干旱缺水地区,增加施氮量或干旱锻炼后适当复水,不仅可以显著降低PWU、节约灌溉用水、维持作物生长和养分吸收,还可以提高叶片和植株的WUE。 相似文献
2.
采用盆栽试验,选用转ICE1基因水稻T4-8株系和T4-9株系及未转基因水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种垦鉴稻10号为试验材料,研究苗期低温胁迫对转基因水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫期间,转基因水稻幼苗丙二醛含量维持在较低水平,SOD活性维持在较高水平;地上部分氮、磷、钾含量变化不大,一直维持在较高水平;地下部分氮、磷、钾含量呈缓慢下降趋势,但降幅比非转基因水稻小,在胁迫第10天,T4-8株系和T4-9株系氮含量均高出对照13.86%,磷含量分别高出42.31%和50.00%,钾含量均高出85.71%。说明在低温胁迫条件下,ICE1基因过量表达可以增强水稻的抗寒性,减轻低温对水稻的伤害,保持根系较强的吸收养分能力。 相似文献
3.
二月兰不同翻压量对土壤肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过室内土壤培养试验,研究了绿肥二月兰（Orychophragmus violaceus）不同翻压量对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,翻压二月兰可有效降低石灰性土壤pH值,45 000 kg·hm-2（处理Ⅰ）和90 000 kg·hm-2（处理Ⅱ）翻压量的土壤pH值在培养结束时（120 d）分别比对照降低了0.24和0.41个单位;翻压二月兰可显著提高土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,培养结束时处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ的土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比对照增加了0.06 g·kg-1、2.00 mg·kg-1、26.28 mg·kg-1和0.09 g·kg-1、3.32 mg·kg-1、63.00 mg·kg-1;土壤有效氮含量在翻压15天时达到峰值,此时处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ的有效氮含量分别比对照增加了12.95 mg·kg-1和21.70 mg·kg-1,但培养60天后各处理有效氮含量相近;翻压二月兰可在培养前期（22 d）较大幅度提高土壤有机碳含量,但22天后处理间差异缩小,培养结束时处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ的有机碳含量分别比对照增加了-0.06 g·kg-1和0.33 g·kg-1;翻压二月兰可降低土壤碳氮比,培养结束时处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ的碳氮比分别比对照下降了2.02和1.51个单位,降幅分别达到20.82%和15.58%。 相似文献
4.
于2020年5月—2021年2月以苹果野生型WT植株和MdGH3-2/12的RNA干扰转基因植株（RNAi）为材料，采用水培试验方法测定了盐胁迫条件下苹果植株的表型、生长量、光合参数、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶及活性氧（ROS）含量变化，初步解析了MdGH3-2/12在苹果响应盐胁迫中的功能。研究结果表明：（1）与WT植株相比，RNAi植株叶表面出现更多的褐斑和坏死，且根系活力显著降低，其3个株系（GR-1,GR-9,GR-10）根系活力分别为WT植株的93.8%、77.5%和90.0%；植株的生长和光合作用受到更大影响，Pn、Ci和Gs都显著降低，其中Pn值分别下降至WT植株的62.9%、77.41%和83.6%。最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）也显著下降，3个株系分别为WT植株的97.0%、96.4%和97.5%；叶绿素含量分别显著下降至WT植株的90.7%、86.2%和81.9%，MDA含量分别为WT植株的1.15、1.25倍和1.16倍；REL含量分别为WT植株的1.23、1.39倍和1.48倍；叶片气孔开度在盐胁迫下也分别缩小了35.0%、39.0%、55.0%和46.2%。（2）与WT植株相比，RNAi植株株系体内Pro含量显著增加，3个株系分别为WT植株的7.1、10.3倍和6.3倍；叶片中ROS积累显著高于WT植株，H2O2含量分别为WT植株的1.6、1.8倍和1.8倍，而抗氧化酶活性显著下降，各材料（WT,GR-1,GR-9,GR-10）盐胁迫组的SOD酶活性分别为对照组的2.4、1.2、1.7倍和1.9倍，这表明与WT植株相比，盐胁迫下RNAi植株各株系不能有效清除ROS，对植株造成了更大伤害。（3）盐胁迫后各材料植株的Na+/K+比值分别为0.497、0.558、0.525和0.577，RNAi植株株系显著高于WT植株，但是相关离子转运基因的表达量显著低于WT植株，致使Na+不能及时外排，植株受到钠离子毒害，从而导致其耐盐性降低。以上结果表明，MdGH3-2/12在苹果植株应对盐胁迫方面发挥着重要的作用，将MdGH3-2/12[STBZ]基因干扰后苹果植株在盐胁迫下受到的伤害更大，植株对盐胁迫的抗性下降。 相似文献
5.
基于夜间增温（设增温、常温两个水平）与铜污染 \[设CK（6 mg·kg-1）、LP(43 mg·kg-1）、MP（155 mg·kg-1）、SP（209 mg·kg-1）4个梯度\] 复合因素的7 a旱地定位试验,结合室内20℃和30℃下恒温培养91 d,分析了麦田土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和无机态氮含量的变化及其稳定特征。研究结果表明：土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和无机态氮随着土壤中铜含量的增加均表现为先增后降趋势,夜间增温下CK土壤硝态氮和无机态氮含量分别显著降低10.8%和5.7%,在LP、MP处理下硝态氮含量分别显著下降17.4%、15.2%,但在SP处理下土壤硝态氮、铵态氮分别显著增加6.9%和15.1%,增温与铜含量对土壤无机态氮和硝态氮的影响呈现显著的交互效应。20℃和30℃恒温培养使无机态氮含量增加1.6~4.6倍、铵态氮含量增加5.2~13.3倍,却使硝态氮含量减少40.3%~65.1%,20℃比30℃恒温培养后土壤中有较高的无机态氮、铵态氮含量和铵/硝比。夜间增温使土壤净氮矿化作用、氨化作用的Q10值均有所提高,但硝化作用的Q10值显著降低16.8%,适当的铜含量（LP：43 mg·kg-1）将加快土壤氮的氨化、矿化和硝化速率。因此,夜间增温提高了旱地麦田土壤氮矿化作用温度敏感性,降低了无机态氮库稳定性,土壤铜污染与土壤氮库转化和增温响应的关系具有浓度效应。 相似文献
6.
以‘东方不败’、‘常绿’和‘C069’3种萱草(Hemerocallis sp.)为材料,研究了不同浓度的外源脱落酸(ABA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)对植物抗旱性的影响。结果表明,ABA和H2O2对3个萱草品种的抗旱性呈现明显的剂量效应,当浓度适宜时能提高其抗旱性。干旱条件下喷施200 μmol· L-1ABA,‘东方不败’和‘C069’比其它处理保持了更高的叶片RWC和气孔密度以及更低的叶片相对电导率和气孔开度。可见,200μmol·L-1 ABA和H2O2对提高‘东方不败’和‘C069’抗旱性的效果最为明显;而500 μmol·L-1 ABA和H2O2处理显著地提高‘常绿’的抗旱性.初步推断,ABA和H2O2均可能包含在萱草抗旱的信号途径中,但是两者的信号功能及其关系有待进一步研究。 相似文献
7.
开都河流域下游绿洲土壤盐分特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以开都河流域下游绿洲为研究区,通过野外调查、采样与室内实验分析,采用数值统计方法与主成分分析方法对区域土壤盐分特征进行研究。研究结果表明：(1) 0～10 cm土层,土壤盐分含量为0.7348 g·kg-1,10～30 cm土层为0.2070 g·kg-1,30～50 cm土层为0.1852 g·kg-1。随土层深度增加土壤盐分含盐量减少,土壤盐分含盐量的变异系数分别为319%、211%和193%,呈现强变异性。(2) 0～10 cm、 10～30 cm和30～50 cm土层中,随着土层深度的增加,Cl-、SO42-、Mg2+
和K++Na+离子的均值逐渐减少,总体上盐分分布具有较强的表聚性。(3）土壤盐渍化状况的特征因子是Cl-与SO42-。(4）未利用地土壤总盐分均值高于其它土地利用类型,耕地次之,林地的最小,分别为0.4420 g·kg-1、0.0755 g·kg-1和0.0414 g·kg-1。 相似文献
8.
为探究外源褪黑素对番茄果实品质及挥发性物质的影响,以番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）‘航粉高糖’品种为试材,以果实表面喷施蒸馏水为对照（CK）,设4个不同浓度褪黑素喷施果实处理,分别为T1（50 μmol·L-1）、T2（100 μmol·L-1）、T3（150 μmol·L-1）、T4（200 μmol·L-1）。结果表明：（1）100 μmol·L-1外源褪黑素处理能显著增加番茄果实中果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性总糖的含量,降低有机酸含量,从而显著提高番茄果实糖酸比。（2）5个处理中共检测出86种挥发性物质,包括12种酮类、32种醛类、14种醇类、4种酯类、13种烃类、7种酚类和4种其他类物质。各处理挥发性物质总数量和总含量依次为：CK（55种,1 279.18 μg·kg-1）、T1（69种,1 960.95 μg·kg-1）、T2（66种,2 258.70 μg·kg-1）、T3（62种,1 818.84 μg·kg-1）、T4（59种,1 695.04 μg·kg-1）,均为醛类含量最高,酚类含量最低,其中100 μmol·L-1处理可提高番茄果实中酮类、醛类、醇类和酯类挥发性物质总含量。检测出的挥发性物质共包含10种番茄特征香气成分,100 μmol·L-1处理的特征挥发性物质含量最高,为1 307.34 μg·kg-1。（3）与对照相比,喷施褪黑素提高了番茄果实单果质量以及可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、番茄红素含量,促进果实对N、K、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn等矿质元素的吸收。（4）主成分分析表明,各处理的综合得分表现为T2>T1>T3>T4>CK。综上,外源喷施褪黑素可显著提高番茄果实的营养和风味品质,且100 μmol·L-1浓度效果最佳。 相似文献
9.
通过盆栽试验研究了城市污泥农用对油麦菜生理特性和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)不同污泥用量对油麦菜吸收Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Ni的影响不显著。(2)第一期试验中,随污泥施用量的增加,所研究的油麦菜各指标呈现出先升高后降低的趋势:当污泥施用量在6 g·kg-1时,发芽率达到最大,为93％;油麦菜根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积在污泥施用量9 g·kg-1时达最大,分别为1.93 cm2·株-1和0.88 cm2·株-2;叶绿素a+b、可溶性糖含量最大值出现在污泥施用量为6 g·kg-1的处理中,分别为1.39 mg·g-1,7.90 mg·g-1;可溶性蛋白含量最大值出现在污泥施用量为9 g·kg-1的处理中,为25.38 mg·g-1。(3)第二期残效试验中不同污泥处理的各项指标变化规律与第一期试验相似,但总体上不同处理各指标的测定值大干第一期试验,出现最大值的污泥处理量滞后。(4)通过对不同指标的综合分析,可以得出污泥有利于油麦菜生长和提高品质的最佳施用范围为6～9 g·kg-1。 相似文献
10.
氮磷钾及有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和干物质积累的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采取田间试验,探讨不同施肥处理对马铃薯生长发育及干物质积累的影响.结果表明,N1PKM处理(氮300 kg·hm-2,磷200 kg· hm-2,钾200 kg·hm-2,有机肥17.5 t·hm-2)的马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量最高,比对照处理的叶片叶绿素a、b、总量分别高出15.12％、18.18％和36.37％。施用磷肥有效促进了叶面积的增加,N1PKM、N1P、N1PK、P处理的叶面积比对照分别高出27.78％,24.57％,20.26％和20.16％。其中施用磷肥促进马铃薯根系生长的效果最明显,而单施钾肥、有机肥对根长发育的影响不明显。氮、磷、钾、有机肥配比施用可以促进马铃薯地上及地下部的生长,采用氮磷钾与有机肥配合施用时,马铃薯干物质累积总量N1PKM＞ N1PK＞ N1K＞N1P。N1PKM处理的马铃薯生物量较对照显著提高了117.1％,可以作为旱地马铃薯的施肥方案。 相似文献
11.
Takeshi Toda Toshihiro Hayakawa Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu Shigeharu Yaguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):379-387
Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UR isolates) were obtained from creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass with reddish brown sheath and foliar rots.
Because the UR isolates anastomosed with isolates of three varieties of Waitea circinata (var. oryzae, var. zeae, and var. circinata), colony morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were compared. The colony color of mature UR isolates was distinct from
isolates of the other three varieties of W. circinata. In pathogenicity tests on creeping bentgrass, the severity of the disease caused by UR isolates was significantly higher
than that caused by the three varieties of W. circinata. Sequence similarities of the rDNA-ITS region between UR isolates and between isolates within each variety were high (97–100%),
but they were lower among isolates from UR and the varieties of W. circinata (88–94%). In a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequences, UR isolates formed a cluster separate from each of the
clusters formed by the three varieties of W. circinata. These results indicate that the UR isolates clearly differ from the three varieties of W. circinata. We therefore propose that the UR isolates be classified as new Rhizoctonia sp. that are closely related to W.
circinata and that the disease on creeping bentgrass should be called Waitea reddish-brown patch disease (Sekikasshoku-hagusare-byo
in Japanese). 相似文献
12.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
13.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
14.
Fumiyoshi Fukumoto Shin-ichi Fuji Kouichi Shinoda Masahide Iizuka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):88-90
Viruses were isolated from leaves of plants of Aconitum species with symptoms such as mottling and yellowing in Hokkaido and Gunma prefectures in Japan. These viruses were identified
as Cucumber mosaic virus (subgroup II) based on particle morphology, host range, aphid transmission, and serology. 相似文献
15.
During a survey conducted from 1998 to 2002, Fusarium proliferatum was found associated with young and adult palms belonging to the genera Chamaerops, Phoenix, Trachycarpus and Washingtonia showing symptoms of wilt and dieback. The fertility and toxicological profile of 36 strains representing different locations and hosts were studied. All of them except two, which were infertile, belonged to mating population D. Both mating types (MATD-1 and MATD-2) were isolated from the same host species, showing a high potential of genetic recombination in the field. Additionally, eight strains were fertile once crossed as female. Toxin analysis showed differences in the ability of strains to produce fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid and fusaproliferin. Only 17 of them produced all the toxins analyzed. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Phoenix dactylifera and P. canariensis using nine F. proliferatum Spanish strains and two reference strains from Saudi Arabia. Eight months after inoculation all strains caused disease, with palms showing lesions on the bases of leaves and development of wilt symptoms similar to those originally observed in affected plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. proliferatum on P. dactylifera in Spain and also the first report of this pathogen on C. humilis, P. canariensis, P. reclinata, T. fortunei, W. filifera and W. robusta. 相似文献
16.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
17.
Population structure of the rice sheath blight pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis> AG-1 IA from India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The population structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA causing rice sheath blight from India was evaluated for 96 isolates using seven RFLP loci. Nineteen of the isolates did not hybridise to R. solani AG-1 IA RFLP probes and rDNA analyses subsequently confirmed that they were either Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae isolates or another Rhizoctonia sp. The population structure of the remaining 77 R. solani AG-1 IA Indian isolates was similar to that of a previously characterized Texas population. Clonal dispersal of R. solani AG-1 IA in India was moderate within fields and no clones were shared among field populations. Low levels of population subdivision and small genetic distances among populations were consistent with high levels of gene flow. Frequent sexual reproduction was indicated by the fact that most populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The two loci (R68 and R111) that deviated significantly from HWE showed an excess of heterozygosity. Although Texas and Indian populations were geographically very distant, they exhibited only moderate population subdivision, with an FST value of 0.193. 相似文献
18.
Forty-five onion (Allium cepa) cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance to the fungal pathogen Pyrenochaeta terrestris (pink root disease). Forty-three Iranian cultivars and two commercially exotic resistant cultivars (Texas Early Grano and
Yellow Sweet Spanish) were grown in a glasshouse for two successive years (2003 and 2004) in Isfahan, Iran. Susceptibility
of the cultivars was determined using a scale of 0–3. Six cultivars had significantly lower susceptibility of pink root compared
to the exotic ones. High susceptibility tended to be associated with high mean scores (2–3), and the highly resistant cultivars
had the lowest scores (0–1). In addition, the 45 examined cultivars were ranked from 1 to 45 according to their markedly differing
reactions to P. terrestris, which differed markedly. Of 32 cultivars that were less resistant, 30 with an intermediate status or tolerance (1–2) differed
considerably in their rank order. No pink root symptoms were seen in the early stages, but on blotter paper or wheat-straw
agar some roots turned pink with no pycnidia formation, whereas on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) with a few fresh healthy
and sterile onion roots on the surface, mycelia and pycnidia were recovered. Variance and cluster analysis showed similar
results among the cultivars with various levels of resistance, tolerance and susceptibility as determined by scoring scales. 相似文献
19.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
20.
A. Adandonon T.A.S. Aveling N. Labuschagne M. Tamo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(4):409-418
Damping-off and stem rot disease-causing Sclerotium rolfsii has been reported as a destructive soil-borne pathogen of numerous crops, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of biocontrol agents alone or combined with Moringa
oleifera leaf extracts for the control of the disease. In the laboratory, PDA was amended with Moringa leaf extract, and mycelial growth of S. rolfsii was measured. In the greenhouse and field, Trichoderma Kd 63, Trichoderma IITA 508 and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated as seed treatments, soil drench or sprinkle, separately or combined with Moringa leaf extracts. Percentage disease incidence, severity and control were recorded. In the laboratory, the higher the extract concentration the less the mycelial growth and no mycelial growth occurred on extract at 15 or 20 g leaves 10 ml−1 water. In the greenhouse, the highest disease control was observed at a Moringa extract concentration of 15 kg leaves 10 l−1 water (w/v). Seed treatments using Trichoderma Kd 63, and soil sprinkle using Trichoderma IITA 508 had a significantly (P = 0.05) higher effect on a disease incidence than Bacillus. Disease severity followed the same pattern. Moringa seed treatment combined with Trichoderma soil sprinkle resulted in significantly more than 94% and 70% disease control in the greenhouse and field, respectively, with significant yield increase in the field. This is the first report of Moringa leaf extract combined with Trichoderma as an integrated control for Sclerotium damping-off and stem rot of cowpea in the field. 相似文献