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1.
保水剂包衣对柠条种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用5种保水剂（A、B、C、D、E）做为添加剂,研究了在干旱条件下,5种保水剂丸化包衣对柠条种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：不同水分条件对柠条种子发芽率有显著影响,不同保水剂吸水倍数差异显著;保水剂可以显著提高种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗生长量,促进程度与保水剂吸水倍数呈正相关;使用保水剂包衣后,萌发中种子的电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性明显低于对照组。综合实验结果,5种保水剂包衣处理效果依次为: D>E>B>A>C。 相似文献
2.
种子丸粒化是种子包衣的重要类型,与常规的种子包衣相比,种子丸粒化不仅可以改变种子形状,使种子外形标准化,而且有效成分携带量更大、有效成分间相容性更好。本研究以不规则的大葱种子为对象,考察了不同填料及黏结剂用于种子丸粒化的性能,在获得优化配方的基础上,对所制备丸粒的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:将硬脂酸镁和滑石粉按质量比1 : 2混合后作为填料,以质量分数为1%的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液作为黏结剂时,较适合用于大葱种子的丸粒化,所制得的丸粒各项指标合格,符合种子丸粒化的要求。微观结构电镜观察表明,采用不同填料制备的丸粒在微观结构上存在明显差异,填料间的结合越紧密,丸粒的强度越大。添加农药对丸粒化种子的影响评估结果表明,合理添加适宜的农药对种子发芽影响较小。本研究通过宏观性质与微观结构相结合,进一步丰富了种子丸粒化研究基础理论,对提高精量化播种和规范化种植水平具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
3.
运用培养皿滤纸法和盆栽法,分别研究温度、光照和水分条件对热带常见杂草丰花草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:丰花草种子萌发温度范围广泛(5~40℃),随温度升高,丰花草幼苗的鲜质量和生长长度均呈现先升高后降低的趋势;恒温下30℃为其种子萌发的最适温度,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均相对较高,而平均发芽时间最短;25℃时生长的幼苗最健壮,其芽长、根长和芽鲜质量、根鲜质量均显著高于其他温度时的对应值。而变温条件更有利于丰花草种子萌发,12 h D/12 h L、5℃/15℃时发芽率达55.63%,15℃/25℃时发芽率90%,25℃/35℃时的种子萌发率、幼苗长度、幼苗鲜质量均最大。光照不是影响丰花草种子萌发的关键因子,但光照可能有利于促进丰花草幼苗生物量向根部分配,光暗交替(12 h D/12 h L)条件下丰花草幼苗生长情况相对最好(长度根冠比为1.05∶1;鲜质量根冠比为0.51∶1)。水分是决定丰花草种子能否萌发的关键因素,25℃、12 h D/12 h L条件下,在土壤最大持水量60%时丰花草种子萌发和幼苗生长状况均最佳。 相似文献
4.
为解决沙漠区飞播造林过程中由于降雨量不足造成的"闪芽"现象,首先通过试验确定飞播树种沙拐枣成苗所需要的降雨量为15mm;然后通过完善丸粒化工艺、调整丸粒化配方的方法,控制丸粒化后的沙拐枣种子在一次降雨量达到15mm以上时裂解,达不到15mm不裂解,从而最大程度保证沙拐枣的成苗率。结果表明:延长滚实时间到45min,低于15mm降雨量的裂解率降低到34.56%;当保水剂加在丸粒化的外层时,低于15mm降雨的裂解率降低到了14.17%;通过在丸粒化过程中添加植物生长调节剂和营养物质,进一步提高了成苗率。通过改变丸粒化方法及配方,可以实现丸粒化沙拐枣种子只有在降雨量大于15mm才裂解并启动萌发,成苗率达到81.64%。 相似文献
5.
羊粪和粘土在牧草种子丸粒化中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对三江源区气候相对干旱、水分不足、土壤贫瘠的实际情况,选用羊粪和粘土分别作为丸粒化种子的填充剂和粘合剂,制作丸粒化牧草种子,并且对丸粒的抗压强度、崩解时间、保水时间以及丸粒种子的发芽率进行了测定,结果表明:在牧草种子丸粒化中,羊粪和粘土的不同配比对种子的发芽、丸粒的抗压强度、崩解时间、保水时间以及丸粒种子的发芽率均有... 相似文献
6.
以黄土高原天然次生林辽东栎（Quercus wutaishanica）种子为对象,采用双因素（覆土厚度和播种时间）完全随机试验的方法,研究土壤掩埋对辽东栎幼苗出土和生长的影响。结果表明：① 覆土厚度对辽东栎种子的出苗率有显著影响(P<0.05),出苗率随着覆土厚度的增加而增加,覆土厚度为10 cm时,出苗率达到最大值,分别为（53.2±20.7）%和（42.0±0.7）%;覆土厚度对幼苗的生长影响不显著。② 播种时间对0~3 cm覆土播种的出苗率影响显著(P<0.05),由于温度的差异,11月1日播种的种子出苗率高于12月10日,出苗率分别为（11.9±1.2）%~（53.2±20.7）%和（1.5±0.8）%~（42.0±0.7）%;播种时间对覆土播种的幼苗生长无显著影响,对地表播种的幼苗叶面积影响显著（P<0.05）。可见,土壤掩埋有利于辽东栎幼苗的出土,土壤掩埋对幼苗的生长影响不大。 相似文献
7.
在盆栽条件下,研究保水剂对梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）种子萌发和幼苗根系形态的影响。结果表明：0.05%浓度的保水剂对梭梭、白梭梭种子萌发有明显的促进作用,发芽率较对照分别提高了18.7%和24.0%;0.05%浓度的保水剂能够抑制梭梭幼苗根系的垂直生长,有效促进侧根数量的增加和根系生物量的积累;0.1%浓度保水剂处理下,白梭梭的主根长度、侧根数量、根系生物量均达到最大;保水剂浓度达到0.2%时,梭梭、白梭梭种子萌发和幼苗根系的生长均受到抑制,表明梭梭幼苗生长最适宜的保水剂浓度为0.05%,白梭梭的浓度以0.05%～0.1%为宜。 相似文献
8.
种子处理对西瓜苗期3种病害的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选防治西瓜苗期立枯病、猝倒病和枯萎病的有效种子处理剂,在人工控制的条件下,选择了6.25%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、3.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、72%霜霉威盐酸盐水剂和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂5种杀菌剂对西瓜种子进行处理。分析了处理种子的活力和幼苗的生长特性;以及在人工接种3种病原菌的胁迫下不同处理种子在基质中的出苗率和发病情况。结果表明:5种杀菌剂对种子的活力和幼苗的生长特性没有明显的影响,但3.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂包衣降低了每株幼苗的鲜重,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂浸种则提高了幼苗的整齐度。接种西瓜立枯病菌和猝倒病菌的种子出苗率降低,接种西瓜枯萎病菌的种子出苗率没有明显变化;6.25%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂和2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂包衣种子对西瓜立枯病的防效最佳,72%霜霉威盐酸盐水剂浸种对西瓜猝倒病有一定的防效,对西瓜枯萎病的防治没有特别有效的药剂。 相似文献
9.
为明确不同活性菌配方引入丸化种衣剂对高粱生长的影响,指导科学合理使用种衣剂,确保高粱良种直播,提升高粱品质,以红缨子高粱种子为材料,研究了不同浓度的黑曲霉及粉红粘帚菌丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生理生化的指标影响。结果表明,将粉红粘帚菌及黑曲霉引入到丸化种衣剂中包衣高粱种子可提高其发芽率、出苗率、根长、根系活力、单株鲜质量、叶绿素及可溶性蛋白含量,并使高粱植株矮化,增强其抗倒伏能力。4×106 cfu/g粉红粘帚菌及4×108 cfu/g黑曲霉的丸化种衣剂包衣可促进高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长,而超过此含量的丸化种衣剂则对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长有一定程度的抑制作用。该研究结果可为新型种衣剂的研发提供科学参考,为活性菌的应用提供新的思路,对生产有机高粱及保障高粱质量安全具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
10.
直播稻田杂草种类多、发生量大,是限制直播水稻发展的一大难题。提出水稻种子丸粒化技术除草并采用室内盆栽和田间小区试验2种方法进行验证。盆栽试验研究了8种水稻田常用除草剂(嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、嘧草醚、氰氟草酯、丁草胺、乙草胺、五氟磺草胺、扑草净)不同药种比进行包衣对水稻安全性和杂草抑制的效果。依据盆栽试验结果,田间试验研究5种处理[嘧草醚药种比1.5∶1 000(C3)和1∶1 000(C4)、乙草胺药种比20∶1 000(F4)、五氟磺草胺药种比6∶1 000(G4)、嘧草醚+五氟磺草胺药种比1.5∶6∶1 000(C3+G4)]的杂草防效和应用效果。盆栽试验表明,种子丸粒化除草具有可行性,C3、C4、F4、G4处理对水稻杂草具有优异的抑制效果,水稻发芽率和杂草抑制率均在80%以上。田间试验表明,复配除草剂配方的防效优于单一配方,C3+G4处理在总草株防效和鲜重防效方面显著优于其他处理,播种15、25、35 d的杂草株防效分别为88.93%、89.35%、88.75%,具有杀草谱广、持效期长、防效高的特点;水稻种子丸粒化控草技术具有省时、省力的优点,仅用1次药就可达到长期控草效果。 相似文献
11.
Senecio vulgaris is a common weed of agriculture in the UK, but is also of food value to invertebrates and birds. Thus, it may be beneficial to retain it within agricultural ecosystems to enhance overall biodiversity. A less intensive approach to weed management requires a sound understanding of weed population dynamics so as to avoid unacceptable population growth. Experiments were carried out in 2003 and 2004 to assess seed production, and subsequent germination, by S. vulgaris growing alone, in winter wheat, or in winter field beans. Plant and seed samples were collected during May and June. There was a strong allometric relationship between capsule number and plant weight, irrespective of the year or the presence of crop competition. Numbers of seeds/capsule varied slightly from 51 to 66 seeds per capsule. Plants growing alone were estimated to produce 8471 to 12 887 seeds per plant, whilst those in wheat only 923 to 2156. Germination tests in Petri dishes in incubators showed that virtually all seeds were viable and germinated under daily alternating light:dark conditions within 10 days. Seeds in continuous dark germinated less readily, reaching only 30% after 21 days. On the basis of this and other published work, it would appear that the retention of S. vulgaris in arable fields will not pose a major threat to the long-term viability of crop production. 相似文献
12.
苦豆子种子特性与种群扩展关系的研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)种子体积大,千粒重达21.6g。种皮较厚,制约了种子的萌发,采用浓硫酸浸种和机械磨损破坏种皮明显提高了萌发率。种子散布主要依靠自身重力,其散布格局是聚集型散布,多分布在母株周围,为该区域的种子库提供较多的种质资源。此外,还有动物散布和水力作用的散布,使种子能传播较远的距离,同时种子被采食后,通过消化道的磨损使种皮的通透性提高,促进了种子的萌发。 相似文献
13.
大豆疫病的种子处理技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验用不同浓度的瑞毒锰锌、杀毒矾和克露进行大豆种子处理试验，结果表明，５００ｐｐｍ瑞毒锰锌对大豆疫病具有很好的治疗作用，而用杀毒矾以种子重量０．４—０．５％的剂量闷种，能显著地抑制大豆疫霉菌的侵入 相似文献
14.
Understanding variability in seed germination among populations is essential for planning an effective germplasm collection for restoration and conservation purposes.The knowledge of germination and dormancy patterns among populations of desert grasses is crucial for determining the potential of the species and populations to be used for restoration and conservation as well as forage production.Variability in seed germination of Panicum turgidum Forssk and Pennisetum divisum(Gmel.)Henr.in the desert of Kuwait was evaluated in different populations in May 2017.Experiment of seed germination(25 seeds and 4 replicates)was conducted for each population at night/day temperatures of 15℃/20℃and 20℃/30℃under the following light condition:continuous darkness or 12 h/12 h light/dark.Results showed that seed masses of both species strongly varied according to their seed provenances,and both species produced heavier seeds in population with a higher soil electrical conductivity.Seed germination percentage considerably varied between two species,and the variation in P.turgidum was greater(17%–49%)than that of P.divisum(72%–93%).Germination percentage in P.turgidum was greater at high temperature(20℃/30℃)than at low temperature(15℃/20℃).However,temperature regimes had no effect on germination percentage of P.divisum seeds.Mean germination time of both species exhibited significant inter-population variability.This result is especially relevant to assure the selection of the best population of each species and the regeneration success of the species.Besides this,inter-population variability also provides valuable information for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate seed germination and how they might be related to seed provenance. 相似文献
15.
Ingrid K. A. Zwertvaegher Dieter Foqué Wouter Devarrewaere Pieter Verboven 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(4):348-359
During sowing of pesticide-treated seeds, pesticide-laden dust and abraded seed particles may be emitted to the environment, possibly leading to environmental contamination and posing health risks. In many countries there is currently no legislation concerning the acceptable amount of dust of treated seeds. This study aimed to gain insight in the abrasion potential of available pesticide-treated seeds and its associated factors. The abrasion potential of 45 seed samples of 7 different species (viz. sugar beet, oat, barley, wheat, spelt, pea, and maize) was determined using the Heubach test and amounts of dust were expressed as g 100 kgseeds?1, g 100,000 seeds?1, and g ha?1. The abrasion potential fell generally within the boundaries of maximum permissible values adopted by different countries. Species, seed treatment company, number of active ingredient (AIs) and combination of AIs had significant effects on the abrasion potential, whereas little or no effect of agitation and conservation was found. However, species were situated differently with respect to each other depending on the unit in which the abrasion potential was expressed. A standard unit that takes into account the species’ seed rate is suggested to give the fairest assessment of dust drift risk and would allow international comparison. 相似文献
16.
Mostafa Oveisi Ahmad Ojaghi Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi Heinz Müller‐Schrer Kamran Reza Yazdi Behnaz Pourmorad Kaleibar Elias Soltani 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):1-12
Endozoochory is known as an important mechanism for the spread of weeds. We carried out experiments to assess the fate of seeds of several weed species (Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta campestris, Rumex crispus, Hordeum spontaneum and Sorghum halepense) after passing through the gut of sheep and goat. Eighteen animals of both sheep and goat received diet mixed with seeds of the weed species or control with only wheat bran (five weed species + control × three replications). Results showed that a higher proportion of seeds were missing after passage through the sheep gut than in goats. In goats, a greater proportion of seeds were dead after passage, but the number of seeds collected from dung was also greater. Weed species differed, with the highest seed recovery and viability in Cuscuta campestris. Based on time of seed passages through the animal gut estimated for the different weed species, we recommend that sheep should be kept in a corral for 96 hr to minimise seed transportation via their faeces. For goats, if R. crispus and C. arvensis seeds could be excluded from the diet, then maintaining them for 96 hr in an animal stall would ensure little seed transportation via dung, but we found R. crispus and C. arvensis seeds to be present and viable in goat dung even 120 hr after feeding. Very large numbers of viable seeds can be found in goat and sheep dung, so the use of rotted manure is highly recommended to avoid transportation of viable seeds via manure fertilisers. 相似文献
17.
In 1998–2000, the relationship was investigated between the time of bolting of shoots and the percentage of germinability in seeds from individual plants of Rumex obtusifolius . Each year, the date of bolting of shoots was recorded in 30–108 plants, which were then grown intact until maturation, and their seeds were collected before dispersal. The proportion of germinable seeds increased with the date on which the shoots bolted. The timing of shoot bolting and seed germinability for individual plants persisted over the years of observation. To discriminate between the effect of mother plant and timing of seed maturation, shoot bolting of another 40 (1998) and 50 (1999) plants was recorded, and their shoots were then cut in late June The shoots of cut plants regrew and matured nearly simultaneously, later than in intact plants, whereas overall seed germinability decreased. In individual plants, the seed germinability was still significantly correlated with the date when plants originally bolted. 相似文献
18.
甘肃河西制种区不同成熟期玉米杂交种贮藏期种子活力变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择先玉335、郑单958和吉祥1号三个杂交种制种田,于授粉后32 d每隔5 d采收果穗直到授粉后72 d,测定种子电导率、标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率,次年测定田间出苗率以及上述指标,对比分析不同收获期种子在贮藏过程中的变化及其贮藏特性。研究结果表明,随着收获期的推迟,玉米杂交种种子贮藏后标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率降幅减小,电导率的增幅也减小,并且收获后期种子的贮藏性高于前期收获的种子。在授粉后32~47 d、47~62 d、62~72 d采收种子的标准发芽率平均降低6.90%、4.99%、4.48%,前期发芽率的降低速率为中后期的3.75倍;冷浸发芽率依次降低9.70%、13.33%、10.78%,降低幅度明显高于标准发芽率,说明低温冷害后的贮藏性降低。对于不同基因型的玉米杂交种种子,其贮藏后标准发芽率、冷浸发芽率降低程度也不同,先玉335分别降低2%和6.8%,吉祥1号分别降低3.5%和6.9%,郑单958降低3.7%和15%,电导率却依次增大,分别为0.46μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(先玉335)、0.56μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(吉祥1号)、0.49μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(郑单958),说明贮藏10个月后郑单958种子活力衰退幅度最大,贮藏性最差,其次为吉祥1号,先玉335最小,而在活力衰退最小范围内先玉335的适宜收获期为授粉后47~57 d,吉祥1号为授粉后52~57 d,郑单958为授粉后57~62 d,为获得高活力种子提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
The probability of seed consumption by surface-dwelling predators depends on the duration of seed exposure on the soil surface. We investigated seed burial using painted ceramic beads as surrogate seeds. Fifty beads of three size classes each were applied to small arenas within crop fields and their fates were followed from August to October. New sets of beads were applied as soon as most beads had disappeared from the soil surface. Bead availability on the soil surface declined immediately after placement, and then declined steadily over time, with increased loss during rain and management practices. Smaller beads were incorporated into the soil/litter matrix more easily than larger beads. Bead burial differed considerably among crop environments, with more burial in forage crops (red clover, lucerne) than in row crops (soyabean, maize). The fact that seed availability differed among crop environments suggests that it can be manipulated to maximise predation risk. 相似文献