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1.
Histochemical study of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in alcoholic rats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Torrejais MM Soares JC Matheus SM Cassel FD Curi PR 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1999,28(5-6):367-373
The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle fibres from albino rats submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism were evaluated in accordance with their metabolic and morphometric profiles. Twenty-seven male animals aged 4 months and weighing approximately 400 g were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control, isocaloric and alcoholic and sacrifices were carried out after 5, 10 and 15 months. The muscles were dissected, removed, cross-sectioned in a cryostat and submitted to the NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reaction. The SO (slow-twitch-oxidative), FG (fast-twitch-glycolytic) and FOG (fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic) muscle fibre types exhibited a polygonal, triangular or rounded shape and did not present noteworthy modifications in either muscles during the study. The cross-sectional areas of the fibres from the studied muscles did not present significant differences during the observations. Fibre area behaved similarly in the alcoholic animals up to the 10th month, i.e. it was decreased, as also observed in the other groups. At 15 months, however, all fibres were increased, with a predominance of FG fibres in the SOL muscle. Changes in fibre population were observed mainly in the SOL muscle of alcoholic animals: SO fibres were initially increased in number but decreased after the 10th month, and the opposite was observed for the population of FG fibres. FOG fibres increased linearly in number throughout the experiment. The statistical analysis showed nevertheless that the fibre population and cross-sectional area changes were not significant. In the alcoholic animals quantitative variations of muscle fibres were more evident in the SOL muscle, suggesting that the SOL muscle is more sensitive to the toxic action of ethanol. The results concerning the increased fibre diameter in alcoholic animals would be associated with muscle oedema induced directly or indirectly by the ethanol. 相似文献
2.
Roque DD Andreo JC De Oliveira JA Roque JS Buchaim RL Rodrigues AC 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2003,32(4):207-211
Considering monkeys are animals closely related to the human, and semitendinosus muscle has been used in many postural research experiments, we have decided to study its histochemical characteristics. Samples were removed from the proximal, middle and distal regions of the semitendinosus muscles of five adult male tufted capuchin monkeys and observed for reaction with m-ATPase (with alkaline and acid pre-incubation), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase, and haematoxylin and eosin. The muscle fibres were classified as fast glycolytic (FG), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) and quantified in terms of frequency and area. The three regions of the semitendinosus muscle showed no significant differences in frequency or area of the respective fibre types, and therefore the muscle can be considered histoenzymologically homogeneous. FG fibres presented higher frequencies and larger areas. The sum of FOG and SO fibres was 57.5%, suggesting that the semitendinosus muscle of the tufted capuchin monkey is adapted to an action involved in posture maintenance and in long arboreal dislocation. The present data agrees with the notion of differentiated quadrupedalism in some primates, which support a lower percentage of their weight on the fore limbs. 相似文献
3.
Randel H. Raub MS Kevin K. Kline MS Laurie M. Lawrence PhD Peter J. Bechtel PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1986,6(3)
The gluteus medius muscles were removed from a four-year-old female Welsh pony and her nine-month-old fetus. The muscles were divided into sections which were histochemically examined to determine the variation in the distribution of fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG), and slow-twitch oxidative (SO) muscle fibers throughout the entire cross-section of the muscle. The fetal muscle had a larger percent of FOG fibers and smaller percent of SO fibers than the same muscle from the mare. Variation in the distribution of muscle fiber type within the fetal gluteus medius was found. This is the first study of fiber type variation in fetal equine muscle. 相似文献
4.
Alvarez GI Díaz AO Longo MV Becerra F Vassallo AI 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(5):317-325
Histochemical and morphometric analyses were performed to characterize the fibre‐type composition of two forelimb muscles of the South American subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum. The studied muscles were the triceps lateralis, an extensor of the elbow, and the teres major, a flexor of the shoulder. It was found that these muscles had an elevated proportion of fast oxidative‐glycolytic (FOG) fibres, and lower proportions of slow oxidative (SO) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibres. This composition probably qualifies the teres major and triceps muscles to perform the sustained effort required in tunnelling excavation. The results were discussed considering published data on fibre‐type composition of mammals having different modes of life and digging behaviour. We here suggest that C. talarum has the potential of generating forces linked to rapid, powerful movements during sustained periods by means of an elevated proportion of FOG fibres, together with osteological changes that result in a great mechanical advantage of the forelimb muscles. 相似文献
5.
神经肌亚体内肌纤维型的生后发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将生后2天、2周、4周、8周、12周、16周、20周、24周的家兔胫骨前肌分成前、后亚体,分别得到腓得神经主要肌分支的支配,腓深神经分支的神经分布型式随年龄增长而递降.每个肌亚体组织化学特征经由乙酰胆碱碘溶液孵育后的运动终板而确定.肌纤维可分成SO、FG、FOG和FO型.除外生后2天龄之外,前、后亚体内SO、FG、FOG肌纤维在生后2周龄、4周龄、8周龄分别约占30%左右,生后12周龄以后,在前亚体内的SO型与FOG型纤维比率下降和FG型纤维升高要超过后亚体.全部肌纤维型在生后2周龄、4周龄、8周龄、12周龄的每个肌亚体的深、中、浅部都是均匀性分布.然而,不同部位的肌纤维类型差别明显,深部以氧化型为主,而浅部则以糖酵解型为主.这种差别在生后16、20、24周龄是最典型的.两个亚体生后发育期间的每条肌纤维毛细血管数(NCF)表明SO>FO>FOG>FG型纤维和毛细血管数与肌纤维横切面积比(CCA)显示FO>SO>FOG>FG型纤维,由此指出氧供较大需求的获得是通过减小肌纤维的面积而不仅仅是依赖于增加毛细血管数量. 相似文献
6.
Highly sensitive enzyme assays developed to differentiate skeletal muscle fibers allow the recognition of three main fiber types: slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG), and fast-twitch glycolytic (FG). Myosin, the predominant contractile protein in mammalian skeletal muscle, can be separated based on the electrophoretic mobility under nondissociating conditions into SM2, SM1, IM, FM3, and FM2 isoforms, or under dissociating conditions into myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, IIb, IIx/d, and IIa. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the histochemical method of differentiation of fiber types is consistent with the electrophoretically identified isomyosin and MHC isoforms. These comparisons were made using serratus ventralis (SV), gluteus medius (GM), and longissimus muscles (LM) from 13 pigs. Two calculation methods for the histochemical assessed fiber type distribution were adopted. The first method incorporated the number of fibers counted for each fiber type and calculated a percentage of the total fiber number (fiber number percentage: FNP). The second method expressed the cross-sectional area of each fiber type as a percentage of the total fiber area measured per muscle (fiber area percentage: FAP). Independent of the calculation methods, correlation analyses revealed in all muscles a strong relation between SO fibers, the slow isomyosin (SM1 and SM2), and MHCI, as well as between the FG fibers, the fast isomyosin (FM3 and FM2), and MHCIIx/b content (P<.05). There were no correlations between FOG fiber population assessed by histochemical analysis and intermediate isoform (IM) or MHCIIa content. The present results did not provide conclusive evidence as to which of the calculation methods (FNP or FAP) was more closely related to myosin composition of skeletal muscles. Despite some incompatibility between the methods, the present study shows that histochemical as well as electrophoretic analyses yielded important information about the composition of porcine skeletal muscle. The combination of the two methods may be essential to accurately characterize porcine skeletal muscles. 相似文献
7.
Antonio DE Castro Rodrigues Maeli Dal Pai Silva Vitalino Dall Pai 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1994,23(4):352-356
As revealed by the NADH-diaphorase and myosine ATPase, the M. extensor carpi radialis longus of the rat possesses at least 3 main kinds of fibres, with different distribution on the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. The superficial portion revealed that 67.68 % are FG (fast-twitch-glycolytic) fibres, 14.72 % are FOG (fast-twitch-oxidative) fibres and 17.60 % are SO (slow-twitch-glycolytic) fibres. Already the deep portion revealed that 71.29 % are SO (slow-twitch-glycolytic) fibres, 17.46 % are FOG (fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic) fibres and 11.25 % are FG (fast-rwitch-glycolytic) fibres. The miosine ATPase reaction was used to demonstrate contracting characteristics. These findings suggest that the movements of fast contraction of the M. extensor carpi radialis longus are predominant. 相似文献
8.
The peroneus tertius muscle is described, and its relationships to other muscles and tendons of the reciprocal mechanism are illustrated: A Manica musculiperonei (fibularis) tertii is an elliptical opening or sleeve formed by the peroneus tertius tendon around the tendon of the tibialis cranialis muscle. The functional significance of these structure is that they efficiently flex the equine hock. 相似文献
9.
In this study, the effect of testosterone on gastrocnemius muscle fibres in growing and adult rats (male and female) was examined using histochemical, morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. After physiological saline (PS), olive oil (OvO) or olive oil + testosterone (OvOT) injections on 72 rats (growing and mature, 36 male and 36 female), the sample tissues of fibre types of the gastrocnemius muscle taken were examined by histochemical [alkaline adenosine triphosphatase (alk-ATPase), acid ATPase (ac-ATPase)], morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. In PS-injected control groups, the gastrocnemius muscle of both sexes contained all the fibre types studied [slow-oxidative muscle fibres (type I), fast-oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres (type IIA) and fast-glycolytic muscle fibres (type IIB)]. The type I fibres had the smallest diameter, type IIA had a medium diameter and type IIB fibres had the largest diameter. In OvO-injected groups, it was observed that the OvO had little effect on the gastrocnemius muscles of either sex, although there was significant enlargement of type IIB fibres. After the injection of OvOT, hypertrophy of muscle fibres was determined by morphometric study. The biggest increase in diameter was on type I fibres. In addition, degenerations on some mitochondria, accumulation of lipid droplets on type I and type II fibres, an increase in glycogen particles, bifurcation of myofibrils, an increase in the number and diameter of units resembling T tubules and an increase in ribosomal content were also observed in the same group by transmission electron microscope. Consequently, it was determined that testosterone can induce protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle fibres, and induces changes in shape and size, and also can change the appearance and the number of fibres. 相似文献
10.
Fazarinc G Candek-Potokar M Ursic M Vrecl M Pogacnik A 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2002,31(6):367-371
This study examined the frequency, morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the giant fibres in the longissimus muscle of local Krsko polje pigs with different Ryr1 genotypes. Giant fibres were round-shaped and had significantly increased cross-sectional area compared with normal muscle fibres. Only fast-twitch glycolytic fibres were affected, usually showing enhanced succinate dehydrogenase activity. On the ultrastructural level, the dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and destruction of myofilaments was observed. The incidence of giant fibres was the highest in Ryr1 dimutant pigs (Ryr1 nn), which also exhibited lower muscle pH1 than heterozygous (Ryr1 Nn) or pigs with the wild Ryr1 gene (Ryr1 NN). However, the giant fibres were also present in pigs free of Ryr1 gene mutation. Our results suggest that the giant fibre syndrome depends mostly upon the rate and intensity of early post-mortem glycolysis, which results in acidity of muscle tissue. We suppose that the giant fibre formation is a result of excessive intracellular lactate accumulation in some fast-twitch glycolytic fibres. This process could also explain the ultrastructural alterations and the consequent changes in the oxidative enzymes and myofibrillar ATPase staining pattern observed in our and some previous studies. 相似文献
11.
J. C. Andreo V. D. Pai J. A. C. Navarro J. A. DE Oliveira 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1994,23(3):226-231
Fiber types distribution in the diagastric muscle of tufted capuchin monkey was studied by means of NADH-TR, myosin-ATPase, after alkaline and acid preincubations and SDH histochemical reactions. Three different types of fibers were found presenting an equal distribution. The percentage and types of fibers were as follow: 18.2 % SO (Slow Oxydative), 38.4 % FOG (Fast Oxydative Glycolytic) and 43.4 % FG (Fast Glycolytic). FG fibers revealed the largest area. The relatively high concentration of fast twitch (81.2 %) seems to indicate this muscle is involved with the acceleration and fast speed of jaw movements. Aerobic metabolism represented by SO + FOG fibers (56.6 %) suggestes that this muscle possesses an additional role than that related to the lowering of the jaw. 相似文献
12.
We compared the histochemical activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the intensity of reaction to the presence of myoglobin (Mb) in the same muscle fibres m. longissimus thoracis (MLT), m. semimembranosus (MSM), m. rectus femoris (MRF) and caput longum m. tricipitis brachii (MTB). At the same time we also ascertained the myoglobin content of one gram of fresh muscle. We found that the muscle fibre in all the muscles studied in which there is the most intensive reaction in the test for SDH are also the most intensively coloured in the test for Mb. There is also the same relationship in intermediary and white fibres. The reaction in testing for SDH on a cross section is greatest in the subsarcolemmic area. Similar tendencies appear in the distribution of Mb, although they are less marked and only in fibres with intensive reaction. Different muscles have different myoglobin levels. Muscles with a higher proportion of red and intermediary fibres contain more myoglobin than muscles with a high proportion of white fibres. The quantitative values of the levels of Mb (g/fresh muscle) are not, however, proportional to the share of individual types of muscle fibres in the muscles studied. 相似文献
13.
E. Agüera A. Diz J. M. Vazquez-Auton J. Vivo J. G. Monterde 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1990,19(4):289-293
Following a study of fibre population fibre size was determined in three muscles of different functional purpose in four breeds of dog with different locomotory capacities. Samples were taken from specific sites in the tibialis cranialis (extensor), flexor digitalis medialis (flexor) and pectineus (adductor) muscles of 27 dogs of four different breeds—German shepherd, Spanish greyhound, Spanish mastiff and Iberian hound—. Samples were subjected to histochemical analysis using ATPase (pH 9.4) and fibre size was assessed using an IBAS-2 Kontron image analyser. 相似文献
14.
Mierzejewska-Krzyżowska B Drzymała-Celichowska H Celichowski J 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2011,40(4):249-255
With 2 figures and 2 tables SUMMARY: Previous studies of motor unit contractile properties in the rat medial gastrocnemius revealed that these units generate higher forces in males than in females. Therefore, in the present study the number and morphometric parameters of muscle fibres and the innervation ratio of motor units in the medial gastrocnemius muscle were studied in male and female Wistar rats. The study additionally aimed at determining reasons of gender differences in motor unit force parameters, i.e. the number and diameter of muscle fibres, and mean values of the motor unit innervation ratios. Following staining of reticuline fibres by silver impregnation, the number, diameter and cross-section area of muscle fibres were determined on microscopic images of transverse muscle sections. In males, the muscles were approximately 1.5 times larger by mass and contained about 11 800 muscle fibres, whereas in females the muscles contained around 8000 fibres. In addition, the mean diameter and mean cross-section area of muscle fibres were 14 and 29% larger in males, respectively. Based on previously determined numbers of motoneurons innervating the medial gastrocnemius muscle in male and female rats, the mean innervation ratio, i.e. the number of muscle fibres innervated by one motoneuron, was estimated. This ratio was approximately 26% greater in males compared to females, with values of 207 and 153 fibres per motoneuron, respectively. Therefore, the differences in muscle fibre morphometric parameters and in the innervation ratio are responsible for higher forces of motor units in male muscles. 相似文献
15.
兔、猫和人的腓肠肌外侧头肌亚体与肌纤维型比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的是探讨兔、猫与人的腓肠肌外侧头肌亚体与肌纤维型的分布。采用人体解剖结合组织化学方法确定其肌亚体，并作肌动球朊ATP酶酸碱法染色，毛细血管数量统计及其三型肌纤维的直径与面积的图象分析。结果表明，兔、猫与人各肌亚体FG型纤维数比例为最高，FOG型纤维居中，SO型肌纤维最少。各肌亚体SO型纤维毛细血管数目最多，家兔、猫与人均为为内侧亚体的毛细血管／mm^2数目为最多。各肌亚体SO型纤维直径与面积为最小。说明人与哺乳动物各肌亚体均见有包裹纤维和快缩纤维的同型聚集。 相似文献
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Effects provoked by chronic undernourishment on the fibre type composition and contractility of fast muscles in male and female developing rats 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. Pereyra‐Venegas B. Segura‐Alegría J. C. Guadarrama‐Olmos S. Mariscal‐Tovar S. Quiróz‐González I. Jiménez‐Estrada 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):974-986
In this study, we compare the effects of pre‐ and post‐natal food deprivation on the relative proportion of fibre types and contractile responses in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of female and male rats at different post‐natal ages. EDL muscles from undernourished male (UM) rats showed a higher proportion of Type IIB than IIA fibres and larger normalized twitch responses (with respect to muscle weight) than those of controls (CM). In contrast, EDL muscles from control (CF) and undernourished female rats (UF) showed no significant differences in their fibre type composition and normalized twitch forces at most of the ages analysed. Our data are indicative that the EDL muscles from undernourished males are more susceptible to the effects exerted by low food income than the EDL muscles from female rats. It is proposed that changes in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and hormonal factors, due to undernutrition, are involved in the alterations observed in the fibre type composition and force production of EDL muscles in undernourished male rats and that estrogens may have an antioxidant protective role on the undernourished EDL muscles in female rats. 相似文献
18.
1. Six leg muscles (iliotibialis cranialis, iliotibialis lateralis, flexor cruris lateralis pars pelvica, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis and puboischiofemoralis medialis) were collected immediately after slaughter from each of 200 randomly selected male commercial turkeys.
2. Among these 1,200 samples processed for histology and examined in cross‐sections, 9–4% exhibited fibre splitting and 9% intrafascicular adipose tissue infiltration.
3. Gastrocnemius medialis muscles were more often affected than other muscles (P < 0.05), with 33% showing isolated necrotic fibres. There were rarely more than 5 necrotic cells out of roughly 4000 cells per sample.
4. Twelve percent of samples showed a high incidence of hypercontracted fibres, 63% a medium incidence (less than 8% present) and 24% none. Hypercontraction was more frequent in puboischiofemoralis medialis muscles (P < 0.05). 相似文献
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Mierzejewska-Krzyżowska B Drzymała-Celichowska H Bukowska D Celichowski J 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(2):122-129
The study was aimed at demonstrating gender differences in the numbers, diameters and cross-section areas of muscle fibres for three hindlimb skeletal muscles responsible for locomotion and maintenance of body posture: soleus, tibialis anterior and flexor digitorum brevis in rats. The experiments were performed on five 6-month-old male and female Wistar rats. In both genders, all studied muscles of the right and left hindlimbs were isolated from surrounding tissues and excised for further procedures. The muscle transverse cross-sections taken from the muscle mid-belly were analysed. Following staining of reticular fibres by silver impregnation, the numbers, diameters and cross-section areas of muscle fibres were determined from microscopic images of muscle sections. The body mass of male rats was 80% higher than that of females. In addition, the muscle mass and the cross-section area were 53-82 and 26-45% higher in males, respectively. The number of muscle fibres was 11-42% higher in males than in females whereas the fibre diameters were 7-29% higher in males. The most conspicuous differences between males and females were found with respect to tibialis anterior, whereas the smallest differences were evident in soleus. The present study revealed that the gender morphometric differences in the studied rat hindlimb muscles were mainly owing to differences in number and size of muscle fibres and that the difference in muscle mass could be explained mainly from higher number of muscle fibres in males and to smaller degree from their larger diameters. 相似文献