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1.
利用籽粒大小差异较大的2个苦荞品种的杂交后代开展了与产量具有密切关系的粒形相关性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相关性分析。结果表明,F2和F3群体的粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重表现值范围都超过亲本的表现值,并且粒长、粒宽和长宽比的变异系数均小于10%,千粒重的变异系数大于10%。另外,粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重的加性方差均大于显性方差,广义遗传率在F2和F3代中分别为0.77~0.82和0.82~0.85,固定遗传率都达到0.80以上。粒形性状间的相关性分析结果表明,粒长、粒宽和千粒重相互间都存在极显著的正相关,粒宽和千粒重,粒长和长宽比的遗传相关系数较大。以上结果表明,具有较高遗传率的粒形相关性状可以在后代早期进行选择,但由于这些性状是数量性状而且受多个基因的控制,因此建议继续繁殖后代到基因型稳定,同时考虑性状间的相关性选拔最为有效。 相似文献
2.
M. Özgen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,170(2):128-135
This study was conducted to determine the stability of grain yield, harvest index, plant height, and panicle length and to determine the association of grain yield with these traits in winter white oat ( Avena sativa L.) genotypes. The genotypes were grown in replicated tests in Ankara in 1985–1991. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment, and entry mean of each year was used as the environmental index. Stability parameters were estimated from the regression analysis as linear regression coefficient (b), deviations from regression (S2 d) and coefficient of determination (r2 ).
Genotypes differed significantly for all traits and significant genotypes X environment interactions occurred for these traits. On the basis of estimates of stability parameters, A-24 genotype was stable for grain yield. Correlation coefficients between traits were inconsistent in good and poor environments except between grain yield and panicle length. The study suggested that these traits are differently affected by environmental changes and selection for panicle length might be effective as selection for grain yield in improving oats with high grain yield for diverse environments. 相似文献
Genotypes differed significantly for all traits and significant genotypes X environment interactions occurred for these traits. On the basis of estimates of stability parameters, A-24 genotype was stable for grain yield. Correlation coefficients between traits were inconsistent in good and poor environments except between grain yield and panicle length. The study suggested that these traits are differently affected by environmental changes and selection for panicle length might be effective as selection for grain yield in improving oats with high grain yield for diverse environments. 相似文献
3.
冬小麦不同茎蘖生产力对立体匀播技术的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确小麦立体匀播技术对茎蘖生产力的影响,完善小麦立体匀播技术提高小麦生产力的理论,以多穗型品种藁优2018为试验材料,采用立体匀播和常规条播2种播种方式,探讨了立体匀播对茎蘖叶片光合速率、子粒灌浆特性、生物产量、子粒产量和收获指数的影响。结果表明,与常规条播相比,立体匀播处理的主茎千粒重与之相等;第一子蘖（1蘖）旗叶灌浆期的净光合速率（Pn）提高了0.3%,达到最大灌浆速率的时间、缓慢增长期、指数增长期、增长滞缓期分别延长了0.12、0.12、0.11、0.12d,千粒重和单穗粒重分别增加了0.5和0.03g;第二子蘖（2蘖）Pn提高了8.0%,并且随着灌浆期推进其下降幅度减缓,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、千粒重分别提高了2.0%、1.8%、2.3g,成熟期单株生物产量、单穗粒重和收获指数分别增加了0.3g、0.11g和0.02。综合以上结果得出,立体匀播处理在保持主茎粒重不降低的同时,提高了1蘖Pn,延长了灌浆持续期,进而提高了粒重;提高了2蘖的Pn和子粒灌浆速率,进而提高了粒重;并且缩小了1蘖、2蘖与主茎粒重之间的差异,提高了茎蘖群体的整齐度,进而提高了单株和群体生产力。 相似文献
4.
B. Sasmal 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(4):260-263
The direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F1 and F2 except with roots/plant in F1 population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F2 . Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F2 generation. 相似文献
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F
5.
A Field trial was conducted during 1988–89 and 1989–90 at Water Management Research Station, Memari. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan, to study the effect of three different irrigation regimes, namely rainfed (I1 ) (No irrigation), one irrigation (I2 ) at flowering and two irrigations (I3 at flowering and at sihqua formation stages) on the grain yield and water expenses on four different rapeseed-mustard cultivars, namely Pusa Bold, Pusa Baroni, Varuna and DIR 247. The variety DIR 247 recorded maximum grain yield (12.1 qha') followed by Pusa Baroni (11.8 q ha−1 ). The variety Varuna showed the lowest water use efficiency (48.1 kg ha−1 cm−1 ) while DIR 247 showed the maximum value of 57.0 kg ha−1 cm−1 . The number of irrigations significantly increased the grain yield. Two irrigations, one at flowering and at siliqua formation stage increased grain yield by 28 % over the rainfed plots. During the crop growth period the actual water expenses among the cultivars in any moisture regime were more or less similar. The interaction between varieties and irrigation levels were, however, not significant. 相似文献
6.
7.
绵麦系列小麦品种（系）的农艺性状和品质性状分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为利用好小麦资源材料,对19份绵麦系列小麦品种（系）的农艺性状和品质性状等15个性状进行分析。结果表明,农艺性状与品质性状间有着复杂的相关关系,有13对性状表现为显著或极显著相关,有23对性状表现为显著或极显著偏相关。产量与8个农艺性状的关联系数的序次为：基本苗>千粒重>穗粒数>容重>株高>最高苗>生育期>有效穗;产量与6个品质性状的关联系数的序次为：稳定时间>最大阻力>籽粒蛋白>面积>吸水率>湿面筋;蛋白质与9个农艺性状的关联系数的序次为：最高苗>有效穗>基本苗>穗粒数>产量>容重>千粒重>株高>生育期;稳定时间与9个农艺性状的关联系数的序次为：容重>最高苗>产量>生育期>有效穗>千粒重>株高>基本苗>穗粒数;面积与9个农艺性状的关联系数的序次为：基本苗>穗粒数>千粒重>产量>株高>最高苗>有效穗>生育期>容重。供试材料从农艺性状和品质性状可被聚为三类,第Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3、Ⅰ4类育种时可以作为高产材料加以应用,同时Ⅰ3和Ⅰ4类群育种时可以作矮杆材料加以运用;Ⅰ1和Ⅰ4类群育种时可以作为优质品质材料加以运用。第Ⅱ类育种时可从粒重方面加以应用;第Ⅲ类从优质矮杆材料加以应用。 相似文献
8.
为了筛选丰产稳产、适应性强的高粱新品种,促进辽西地区高粱产业健康可持续发展。2019-2020年采用随机不完全区组设计（alpha-格子设计）,通过R语言GGE双标图分析了30个高粱品种的产量和相关农艺性状。方差分析表明,年份、基因型、基因型与年份互作对高粱产量和相关农艺性状均有显著影响（P<0.05）,其产量变异的平方和占总平方和的比例分别为32.1%、41.3%和11.3%,基因型效应对产量和相关农艺性状的变异贡献率最大,株高和穗长指标遗传力较大。GGE双标图分析表明,辽杂19号、平试13和济粱2丰产稳产性较好;辽杂19号和平试13在株高、产量、穗重和穗粒重方面综合性状表现较好;辽杂19号距离“理想品种”最近,其次为平试13。皮尔逊相关分析表明,高粱籽粒产量与株高、穗重、穗粒重和穗粒数均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。从参试品种看,辽西半干旱地区高秆品种比矮秆品种更具产量优势。在朝阳地区,辽杂19号、平试13和济粱2具有较高的产量和稳定性。在特定生态区域,基因型是产量和相关农艺性状差异的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
Mary J. Guttieri Katherine Frels Teshome Regassa Brian M. Waters P. Stephen Baenziger 《Euphytica》2017,213(4):87
Wheat genotypes that efficiently capture and convert available soil nitrogen into harvested grain protein are key to sustainably meeting the rising global demand for grain protein. The purposes of this study were: to characterize the genetic variation for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits within hard winter wheat adapted to the Great Plains of the United States and evaluate trends in the germplasm with year of release; to explore relationships among traits that may be used for selection within breeding programs; and to identify quantitative trait loci associated with NUE traits in this germplasm. NUE traits were measured in a panel of 299 hard winter wheat genotypes, representing historically important and contemporary germplasm, from across the growing region. Trials were grown in two years at two levels of nitrogen fertility. Genotype and genotype × year interaction effects were highly significant for NUE traits, while genotype × nitrogen rate interactions were non-significant. Strong genetic correlations of plant height and flowering date with NUE traits were observed. Wheat breeders have improved NUE: the subset of 183 genotypes that were released as cultivars after 1960 demonstrated significant trends with year of release for improved grain N yield, grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake. In genome-wide association analyses, plant height and flowering date were important covariates in the mixed models, and plant height and flowering date substantially explained the variation in NUE traits in this germplasm. Marker-trait associations were identified that may prove useful in breeding. 相似文献
10.
Eleven upland rice genotypes of varying growth duration and plant stature were evaluated in two cropping systems: monocrop and intercrop, with pigeon pea cv. U pas 120, in order to study the effects of intercropping on rice grain yield and its contributing characteristics during 1990 to 1992 wet seasons. Cropping system and cropping system × genotype interaction effects were significant for yield ha−1 , panicle weight, panicles m−2 and spikelet fertility suggesting the need for evaluating and selecting genotypes suitable for intercropping. Rice grain yield reduction in the intercrop ranged from 24.5 % in genotype RR 203-16 to 54.5 % in genotype Aditya. Panicle weight, total dry matter at flowering as well as at harvest, and harvest index were also reduced. Plant height and panicle weight were positively associated with yield in both systems, however, the yield was positively and significantly correlated with spikelets per panicle and spikelet fertility with the intercropping system. The correlation between cropping systems indicated the possibility of simultaneous improvement for these characteristics in monocropping and intercropping. 相似文献
11.
玉米机械化籽粒收获是未来玉米发展的方向。以16份玉米杂交组合为材料,测定产量性状（产量、穗长、穗粗、百粒重）、农艺性状（株高、穗位高）、机收性状（籽粒含水率、籽粒破碎率、杂质率）共9个指标,并进行相关性分析。结果表明,产量与穗长、穗粗、百粒重之间呈极显著正相关,株高与穗位高之间呈极显著正相关,籽粒含水率与籽粒破碎率之间呈显著正相关。对产量及产量相关性状、籽粒含水率、籽粒破碎率、杂质率等指标进行主成分分析,通过对16份杂交组合的玉米机械化籽粒收获适宜性综合评价,结合机械籽粒收获与人工收获的产量差异比较,表明新单65、新单58、新单68和新单88均适宜机械化籽粒收获。 相似文献
12.
为探究化学调控技术对糜子叶片光合特性和产量的调控效果,以糜子品种粘丰5号和齐黍1号为试验材料,采用大田试验,设置播种前1mg/L烯效唑（S3307）和50mg/L胺鲜酯（DTA-6）浸种2个处理,以清水浸种为对照（CK）,测定不同生育时期糜子的光合特性、干物质积累、农艺性状及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,与CK相比,S3307和DTA-6浸种均可提高糜子拔节期和灌浆初期叶片叶绿素相对含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率;S3307和DTA-6均可增加糜子茎粗,降低株高。S3307可提高灌浆盛期2个糜子品种茎干重、叶干重和穗干重,DTA-6对灌浆盛期糜子叶干重和穗干重有增加作用;S3307可提高2个糜子品种穗粒数;DTA-6增加了粘丰5号有效穗数,提高了齐黍1号穗粒数和千粒重。S3307和DTA-6处理下粘丰5号分别较CK增产11.05%和5.43%,齐黍1号分别较CK增产5.73%和16.24%。因此,S3307对粘丰5号、DTA-6对齐黍1号作用效果更好,增产率最高。 相似文献
13.
为探明适合贵州地区种植薏苡的栽培技术,以薏苡14-2为材料,采用裂区试验设计,研究硫酸钾复合肥和种植密度对薏苡产量、农艺性状及光合特性的影响。结果表明,施肥量和种植密度对产量、株高、主茎节数、穗粒数、千粒重、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率均有极显著影响;随着施肥量和种植密度的增加,产量、株高、主茎节数、穗粒数、千粒重、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均表现为先增加后降低,而胞间CO2浓度表现为先降低后增加。相关分析表明,产量与株高、主茎节数、穗粒数、千粒重、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均呈极显著正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关。在贵州地区种植薏苡时,以施肥量为225kg/hm 2、种植密度为12万株/hm 2较好。 相似文献
14.
H. Stützel W. Aufhammer A. Rautenkranz B. Wagner J. Falfus E. Nalborczyk 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,170(3):177-186
Yield formation and yield components of a conventional and an epigonal genotype of white lupin ( Lupinus albus )
Differences in yield formation and yield structure of two contrasting Lupinus albus growth types, the conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina and the epigonal. little branching cultivar Ep I were analyzed. Both cultivars were grown in field experiments at Hohenheim in 1987 and 1988 with a combined variation of population density (30–120 plants/m2 ) and plant distribution. In addition, assimilate distribution within the plant was studied using a 14 C-labelling experiment. – The contributions of branches to light interception of the crops during the generative phase were > 90 % in Kalina as compared to about 30 % in Ep 1 . Relative 14 C uptake of branches was in a similar range, but great proportions of the 14 C taken up by branches was translocated to main stems. No genotype x plant density interactions with respect to grain yield were recorded, indicating that yield formation at main stems and branches was affected by cropping conditions similarly in both genotypes. This applies to the conditions of the experiments, where stress effects were absent. Under these conditions, the conventional genotype showed agronomic, but no physiological disadvantages. 相似文献
Differences in yield formation and yield structure of two contrasting Lupinus albus growth types, the conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina and the epigonal. little branching cultivar Ep I were analyzed. Both cultivars were grown in field experiments at Hohenheim in 1987 and 1988 with a combined variation of population density (30–120 plants/m
15.
Flag Leaf Senescence, as Evaluated by Numerical Image Analysis, and its Relationship with Yield under Drought in Durum Wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Hafsi W. Mechmeche L. Bouamama A. Djekoune M. Zaharieva P. Monneveux 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(4):275-280
Senescence was evaluated at different stages of the grain‐filling period in eight durum wheat varieties using numerical image analysis (NIA). The varieties were grown under early, severe drought conditions on the high plains of Sétif in Algeria. After flowering, three different irrigation treatments were applied. Treatment effect was small, while a genotypic effect was noted for most of the senescence parameters. Senescence correlated to biomass, while the maximal rate of senescence, Vsmax, correlated to thousand‐kernel weight. The potential of the method of numerical image analysis for monitoring flag leaf senescence, detecting genotypic variability and selecting genotypes with delayed senescence is discussed. 相似文献
16.
An experiment was conducted in field experiment plot to investigate nitrogen transportation from hulls of pods in different periods at early stage of siliqua developing and effect of KH2 PO4 and MgSO4 application on it using 15 N-urea.
More than 80 % of15 N applied on the surface of pods at lower terminal during flowering was recovered from all pods one month after flowering, most of them were still in the hulls of labelled pods, 17-27 % of l5 N applied was transported into seeds, a small amount was transported to pods at upper terminal, a little amount was found in pods at branch. More l5 N applied in middle period of flowering was transported to pods at upper terminal and branch than those applied in early period of flowering. It should be further investigated to conclude how will be going on transportation of nitrogen from hulls as preceding of siliqua developing towards maturity of seeds and its difference between 15 N applied in more different periods.
Application of KH2 PO4 and MgSO4 with 15 N-urea of surface of pods promoted transportation of 15 N into seeds from hulls, effect of MgSO4 was more notable. 相似文献
More than 80 % of
Application of KH
17.
糯高粱新选不育系的配合力及遗传力分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了筛选出遗传力和配合力表现优良的糯高粱不育系亲本,提高杂交育种效率,为杂交糯高粱育种选择优良亲本和配置强优势组合提供参考。选用3个糯高粱新选不育系、3个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交法组配9个杂交组合,采用DPS数据处理软件对株高、穗长、穗粒重、生育期、千粒重、产量6个主要农艺性状进行配合力及遗传效应的分析。结果表明,不育系11476A2在株高、穗长和生育期的一般配合力均有较高的优势,相对效应值分别为2.5572、2.4284和0.6792;不育系11494A2的穗粒重和产量一般配合力最高,相对效应值为5.7165和4.8505。这些亲本系在育种和生产上具有很高的利用价值。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次顺序为株高>穗粒重>千粒重>产量>穗长>生育期。从产量性状分析看,11476A2×L17可能是一个较理想的组合模式。 相似文献
18.
R. L. Villareal A. Mujeeb-Kazi E. Del Toro J. Crossa S. Rajaram 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(5):307-317
Two trials were conducted at the Mexican National Institute of Agricultural Research Experiment Station at Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico to investigate the nature and extent of agronomic variation in 50 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) derived from Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28. AABB) × T. tauschii (In = 2x = 14, DD) crosses for subsequent use in wheat improvement. Plant height, spike length, days to flowering, physiological maturity, grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, harvest index, yield components and test weight were determined.
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m−2 than the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) check cultivar Seri 82. Genotypic correlations of grain yield with other character traits show that grain m2 was the most important determinant of gram yield (r = 0.993). Data on agronomic traits subjected to complete linkage cluster analysis resulted in classifying the genotypes into two distinct phenotypic groups excluding Seri 82. Groups generally corresponded to durum progenitors of the SH with significant group differences for all characters. This demonstrates use of practical numerical analysis procedures to describe agronomic variation in representative SH genotypes. Clustering by quantitativy traits may be valuable for identification of genotypes with divergent sources for breeding and agronomic purposes. 相似文献
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m
19.
Sorghum hybrid CSH-6 was grown in fields in Delhi, India between July–November 1986 in order to study the effect of nitrogen nutrition and irrigation on dry matter accumulation, grain yield and water use. The treatments included 40 Kg Nha−1 combined with two irrigations (30 DAS, 60 DAS), one irrigation (60 DAS) and no irrigation respectively. Rainfall during the crop season was only 17 cm. The unirrigated plants were considerably water stressed and exhibited very low leaf water potential, less leaf area, delayed anthesis, longer crop duration but shorter grain filling duration. The ears showed sterility and yield was only 0.41 t ha−1 without nitrogen fertilization. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on yield in unirrigated plants. A single irrigation 60 DAS increased yield due to increase in both grain number and grain weight per ear in fertilized and unfertilized crop respectively. Two irrigations in the unfertilized crop increased the yield to 2.2 t ha−1 while similar treatment in the fertilized crop did not increase the yield significantly. Irrigation increased the WUE for grain yield. The results indicate that nitrogen stress and water stress reduced grain yield primarily through grain number rather than grain weight. Irrigation relieved both water stress and nutrient stress. Nitrogen nutrition was not beneficial under severe water stress conditions but was considerably helpful under mild stress. Biomass, grain yield and harvest index show significant correlation with preanthesis water use. 相似文献
20.
Summary The magnitude of genetic expression and associations among traits are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. In this regard, a cross classification mating design was used to produce hybrid sorghum populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at four environments in Northern Cameroon. Data on grain yield, days to anthesis, plant height, inflorescence length, threshing percentage and seed mass were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Significant genotype × environment interaction effects were observed for all traits. Genetic variance was essentially attributed to additive gene effects, with dominance variance for grain yield being negligible. However, the reverse was observed for threshability. Genetic variance components were much higher for plant height and grain yield than for days to anthesis, seed mass and threshability. Heritability estimates for plant height and inflorescence length were high (77 and 54 percent respectively) while the estimates for grain yield and threshability were low (14 and 5 percent respectively). Grain yield had positive genotypic correlation with most of the traits. Days to anthesis were negatively correlated with vegetative and reproductive traits. These results suggest that improvement of days to anthesis, plant height, and inflorescence length should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. However, selection for earliness and reduced plant height would not be possible without hampering grain yield. Selecting for yield primary components namely inflorescence length and seed weight would be effective for increasing production. In addition, optimizing agronomic practices and improved experimental design would increase the selection efficiencies. 相似文献