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1.
为探讨沙棘对半干旱黄土丘陵区水分条件的适应性,1998年对沙棘的水分生理生态及抗旱性进行了分析研究.试验结果表明(1)沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境形成了耐旱、御旱的双重抗旱方式.在旱季,沙棘体内束缚水含量随干旱加剧而上升,束缚水与自由水比值随干旱加剧而增大,叶片维持较高的含水量,蒸腾减弱,叶水势降低,临界饱和亏增大,表现出较强的抗旱性.(2)沙棘光合速率具明显的日变化,1000
1200出现第1次峰值,1400 1500出现第2次峰值.沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度和光合有效辐射)间有显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.8466
0.9351,其中光合有效辐射对光合速率影响最显著,气温次之,相对湿度最小;沙棘光合速率与气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度间有十分显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.9852
0.9856.(3)沙棘蒸腾速率与气孔导度具明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,5、7月日变化曲线呈单峰型,6、8、9月日变化曲线呈双峰型.在生长季(5- 相似文献
2.
沙棘林木生长与地上部生物量动态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据１９９８年在半干旱黄土丘陵区安塞、吴旗的调查资料,对沙棘年生长及单株地上部生物量进行了分析。结果表明：（１）时间的三次系基式与生长的关系能较好地反映生长期内生长与时间的关系;（２）沙棘单株地上部各器官生物量占地上部生物量的分配比率顺序为：枝〉茎〉叶〉桔枝;且枝、叶、枯枝生物量与树彰有十分显著的相关关系,茎与树龄间有的相关关系;（３）可用树高、地径、树个械模型与地径、冠幅、多年生枝长结合模型估测 相似文献
3.
结合1998年半干旱黄土丘陵区安塞的观测资料,对沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L)的光合特性及影响因子进行了分析,结果表明(1)沙棘光合速率具有明显的日变化和季节变化,月均值为11.64 CO2μmol/(m2·s);(2)沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度、光合有效辐射及CO2浓度)间有显著的相关关系,复相关系数为0.7168～0.8745;沙棘光合速率与林地土壤水分间有极显著的相关关系,复相关系数达0.9925,且沙棘光合速率的季节动态滞后于土壤水分的月变化;(3)沙棘光合速率与植物因子(气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度)间有十分显著的相关关系,气孔导度或细胞间CO2浓度增大,沙棘光合速率增大,反之则减小,复相关系数达0.9715和0.9708.这为分析沙棘光合作用对环境因子的响应程度及沙棘最适生理生态条件,提高沙棘生产力提供科学依据. 相似文献
4.
黄土丘陵区沙棘地上部生物量估测模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据沙棘生长因子与其地上部生物量间的相关关系,以生长因子为自变量,沙棘地上部生物量为因变量,应用主成分分析和多元回归分析方法,依据最优子集和平均残差平方和的优选原则,从单生长因子、双生长因子、多生长因子估测模型中,筛选出具有最优性质的沙棘地上部生物量估测模型,复相关系数为０．９４２１～０．９９５９,经检验均达十分显著水平。这一研究结果改进了非破坏性调查沙棘地上部生物量的方法。 相似文献
5.
库布齐沙地杨柴叶水势的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用PSYPRO水势仪,测定了库布齐沙地4年生杨柴林林木的叶水势状况,据此,对杨柴叶水势的日变化、月变化进行了动态研究,并分析了其的影响因子.结果表明:杨柴叶水势的日进程在5月、6月、9月表现为单峰曲线变化,7月和8月则呈现双峰曲线规律,12∶00时左右通常是一天中杨柴叶水势最低值的出现时间,7月是杨柴生长需水的最关键时期;杨柴叶水势的日变化与气温、光量子通量密度成显著负相关,与大气相对湿度成显著正相关,且与三者的综合因子相关性显著;盆栽杨柴苗株的清晨叶水势与其土壤含水量的关系密切.研究所获的相关性均拟合出相应的相关方程. 相似文献
6.
盐胁迫对南方7个造林树种生理特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过盆栽试验，作者对杉木、马尾松、银杏、火炬松、中山杉、侧柏和刺槐苗的耐盐能力进行了研究。盐处理水平为４种：ＣＫ（０．０％）、Ａ（０．１％）、Ｂ（０．３％）和Ｃ（０．５％）。测定的指标包括叶片中Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋的累积量、游离脯氨酸（Ｐｒｏ）和叶绿素含量、超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、水势、存活率。研究结果表明：①随着盐浓度的提高和处理时间的延长，各树种叶片中Ｎａ＋浓度明显上升，但Ｋ＋浓度变化不大。②随着盐浓度的提高和时间的推移，各树种叶片中脯氨酸（Ｐｒｏ）含量均呈上升趋势，而叶绿素含量呈下降趋势。③随着盐分浓度提高及时间的延长，各树种的水势绝对值均呈上升趋势，而ＳＯＤ活性则降低。④盐浓度高低和作用时间长短对７个树种的生长有显著影响。⑤综合评定结果表明，刺槐和银杏抗盐能力较强，侧柏和中山杉抗盐能力中等，杉木、火炬松和马尾松抗盐能力较差。 相似文献
7.
8.
蒸腾速率、阻力与叶内外水势和光强关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用ＬＩ一１６００稳态气孔计和压力室测定了杨柴的蒸腾速率、阻力、叶水势及其环境因子的日变化，分析结果表明：当０～２ｍ土层内土壤平均水势在－０．０４～－０．２０ＭＰａ时，光照强度是影响杨柴等树木蒸腾速率的主要因子，它主要是通过影响蒸腾阻力所致。光照强度（Ｌｉ）与蒸腾阻力（Ｄｒ）的关系符合方程Ｄｒ＝ａｅｂ／Ｌｉ。这样，根据光照强度对阻力的影响过程，把光照强度与蒸腾速率（Ｔｒ）的关系分成３个区段：①弱光照区，Ｔｒ＝Ｋ／Ｄｒ；②过渡区，Ｔｒ＝Ｋ·ψＬ－Ａ／Ｄｒ；③光饱和区，Ｔｒ＝ａ·ψＬ－Ａ＋ｂ，其中ａ、ｂ和Ｋ是系数。 相似文献
9.
沙棘心血康口服液对犬冠脉流量和心肌耗氧的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙棘心血康口服液是以沙棘为主经提取制成,为了研究其对缺血性心脏病（心绞痛、心肌梗塞）的实验治疗作用,实验观察了沙棘心血康口服液对犬冠脉流量和心肌耗氧的作用。结果表明：沙棘心血康口服液在０．４６、１．２、２．９ｇ（生态）／ｋｇ剂量时,可增加犬冠脉流量（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,减少心肌摄氧率和心肌耗氧量（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。 相似文献
10.
沙棘叶总黄酮抗衰老作用的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对小鼠亚急性衰老模型影响的实验结果表明，与模型组比较，沙棘叶总酮大、小剂量组（分别为３２．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ＾（－１）、１０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ＾（－１）小鼠脑单胺氧化酶（ＭＡＯ－Ｂ）活性均明显下降；其肝脏肝脂褐质（ＬＦ）含量明显降低，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量亦有降低趋势，超氧岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性无明显变化；沙棘叶总黄酮组小鼠的红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＣＲ）及红细胞免疫复合物花不率（ＲＩＣＲ）均明显增加 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献