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1.
运用InVEST模型,对甘肃祁连山自然保护区土壤保持现状与功能进行了定量评估,分析了不同土地利用、海拔高度、坡度以及土壤类型下的保土状况。结果表明：2015年甘肃祁连山自然保护区土壤侵蚀量与土壤保持量分别为1.67×108 t、4.21×108 t。从侵蚀面积来看,保护区以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,占总面积的63.95%;虽草地的土壤保持能力弱于其他自然植被类型,但草地是土壤保持总量最高的土地利用类型;不同海拔梯度下的土壤保持总量随海拔增加呈现先增后减的趋势,保护区内海拔2 500~3 500
m的土壤保持功能最好;栗钙土的土壤保持量最高,黑毡土在草原土壤类型中土壤保持强度较低;坡度为15°~25°的区域土壤保持量最大,占土壤保持总量的31.93%;甘肃祁连山保护区生态系统减少泥沙淤积和减少土地废弃的价值分别为5.76×108元和1.44×108元,保护区内林草地保肥价值为9.03×1010元。 相似文献
2.
HU Xiaoxing 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):824-836
In the arid and semi-arid areas of China, rainfall and drought affect the growth and photosynthetic activities of plants. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is one of the most important indices that measure the photosynthetic ability of plants. This paper focused on the GPP of two representative grassland species (Stipa krylovii Roshev. and Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) to demonstrate the effect of a temporal rainfall on the two species. Our research was conducted in a temperate grassland in New Barag Right Banner, Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, in a dry year 2015. We measured net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and ecosystem respiration flux (ER) using a transparent chamber system and monitored the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air and soil temperature and humidity simultaneously. Based on the measured values of NEP and ER, we calculated the GPP of the two species before and after the rainfall. The saturated GPP per aboveground biomass (GPPAGB) of A. polyrhizum remarkably increased from 0.033 (±0.018) to 0.185 (±0.055) μmol CO2/(gdw?s) by 5.6-fold and that of S. krylovii decreased from 0.068 (±0.021) to 0.034 (±0.011) μmol CO2/(gdw?s) by 0.5-fold on the 1st and 2nd d after a 9.1 mm rainfall event compared to the values before the rainfall at low temperatures below 35°C. However, on the 1st and 2nd d after the rainfall, both of the saturated GPPAGB values of S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum were significantly lower at high temperatures above 35°C (0.018 (±0.007) and 0.110 (±0.061) μmol CO2/(gdw?s), respectively) than at low temperatures below 35°C (0.034 (±0.011) and 0.185 (±0.055) μmol CO2/(gdw?s), respectively). The results showed that the GPP responses to the temporal rainfall differed between S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum and strongly negative influenced by temperature. The temporal rainfall seems to be more effective on the GPP of A. polyrhizum than S. krylovii. These differences might be related to the different physiological and structural features, the coexistence of the species and their species-specific survival strategies. 相似文献
3.
为了准确检测病残体内茄匍柄霉菌(Stemphylium solani)DNA含量在土壤内的动态变化,本研究根据三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因序列,设计并筛选特异性引物Stem-g7F/Stem-g7R,能从靶标基因组 DNA 中特异性扩增出大小为 150 bp 的目的片段。建立的Stemphylium solani实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR)检测体系的灵敏度比常规 PCR 高 1 000 倍,且特异性良好。标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为 0.992。利用所建立的qRT-PCR方法对病残体进行检测发现,病残体DNA初始拷贝数为3.69 × 109 拷贝数/g,经过温度27℃、80%湿度下处理30 d病残体DNA含量下降至1.21 × 106 拷贝数/g,而在温度27℃、20%湿度下含量为1.29 × 1010 拷贝数/g。因此,建立的S. solani的qRT-PCR检测体系具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可以快速准确地定量检测病残体 S. solani 的含量,为番茄匍柄霉叶斑病的早期预防和流行监测提供有效的技术手段。 相似文献
4.
刺吸式口器昆虫常发生严重且抗药性强。本文室内测定了玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea Ifu13a对梨冠网蝽、小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱等多种刺吸式口器害虫的控制潜力。在1.0×108、1.0×107和1.0×106孢子/mL接种浓度下,在处理后初始2 d保持RH（95±5）%,随后8 d保持RH（78±5）%的条件下,小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱成虫的累积死亡率均达到100%,其致死中时LT50分别为4.12、4.11、5.43和4.77、5.55、5.32 d,而梨冠网蝽的致死中时为7.32、8.22、9.79 d。在1.0×108和1.0×107孢子/mL浓度下,小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱累计死亡率均在5 d内即达到100%,2种害虫的致死中浓度LC50分别为3.90×103和3.03×104孢子/mL;而梨冠网蝽第10 d在2种浓度下的累计死亡率分别达到了81.25%、77.5%,其LC50为6.88×105孢子/mL。菌株Ifu13a显示出一定的寄主专化性,菌株Ifu13a显现了对多种刺吸式口器害虫的高控制潜力。 相似文献
5.
开展草地贪夜蛾病原真菌的筛选和毒力测定可为草地贪夜蛾的绿色防控提供新的生物制剂。本研究从广西南宁田间采集的草地贪夜蛾幼虫僵虫上分离获得一株病原真菌,采用形态学和ITS-rDNA序列分析相结合的方法对该菌株进行了鉴定,并采用浸虫法测定了该菌株对草地贪夜蛾的致病力。结果表明新分离的菌株为莱氏绿僵菌Metarhizium rileyi,编号为CDTLJ1;该菌株对草地贪夜蛾幼虫、预蛹、蛹均有致病力,1.20×107孢子/mL浓度下,接菌处理后第6 d,2~5龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率均达100%,6龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率为98.33%,预蛹和蛹的累积校正死亡率分别为28.33%、20.00%,草地贪夜蛾2~6龄幼虫的LT50值从3.91 d升至4.24 d;菌株CDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致死率随孢子悬浮液浓度的升高而增加,当浓度达1×108孢子/mL时,幼虫的致死LT50为4.10 d,接菌处理后第6 d,3龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率达100%,LC50为1.12×104孢子/mL。结果表明,莱氏绿僵菌CDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾有良好的生防潜力,具有进一步深入研究和开发利用的前景。 相似文献
6.
Impact of land use/cover changes on carbon storage in a river valley in arid areas of Northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yuhai YANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(6):879-887
Soil carbon pools could become a CO_2 source or sink, depending on the directions of land use/cover changes. A slight change of soil carbon will inevitably affect the atmospheric CO_2 concentration and consequently the climate. Based on the data from 127 soil sample sites, 48 vegetation survey plots, and Landsat TM images, we analyzed the land use/cover changes, estimated soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and vegetation carbon storage of grassland, and discussed the impact of grassland changes on carbon storage during 2000 to 2013 in the Ili River Valley of Northwest China. The results indicate that the areal extents of forestland, shrubland, moderate-coverage grassland(MCG), and the waterbody(including glaciers) decreased while the areal extents of high-coverage grassland(HCG),low-coverage grassland(LCG), residential and industrial land, and cultivated land increased. The grassland SOC density in 0–100 cm depth varied with the coverage in a descending order of HCGMCGLCG.The regional grassland SOC storage in the depth of 0–100 cm in 2013 increased by 0.25×1011 kg compared with that in 2000. The regional vegetation carbon storage(S_(rvc)) of grassland was 5.27×10~9 kg in2013 and decreased by 15.7% compared to that in 2000. The vegetation carbon reserves of the under-ground parts of vegetation(S_(ruvb)) in 2013 was 0.68×10~9 kg and increased by approximately 19.01%compared to that in 2000. This research can improve our understanding about the impact of land use/cover changes on the carbon storage in arid areas of Northwest China. 相似文献
7.
8.
为评价一株新的甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（青岛分离株SeMNPV-QD）在害虫生物防治中的应用潜力,本文以甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒青岛株SeMNPV-QD与美国株SeMNPV-US1为材料,分别测定了病毒对甜菜夜蛾细胞系的感染、对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的室内生物活性以及田间防治效果。研究结果表明,SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对甜菜夜蛾细胞系Se-3的感染率分别为92.34%和93.65%,平均每个细胞的病毒多角体产量分别为23.97和24.10 PIB,差异均不显著;SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对初孵甜菜夜蛾幼虫的LC50分别为4.43×104和4.35×104 PIB/mL,LT50分别为4.12和4.02 d;SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对4龄甜菜夜蛾幼虫的LC50分别为9.25×105和4.44×105 PIB/mL,LT50分别为6.20和5.50 d;SeMNPV-QD和SeMNPV-US1对大葱田甜菜夜蛾幼虫具有较好的防治作用,7 d的校正防效分别达到74.99%和79.04%。研究结果将为新病毒株的深入研究开发以及甜菜夜蛾的生物防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
红地球葡萄健康叶片内生细菌多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究利用平板分离方法和变性凝胶梯度电泳(DGGE)技术,分析了北京、成都、合肥、武汉等4个地区的红地球葡萄在开花期、成熟期和衰老期健康叶片中内生细菌的群落结构。平板分离培养结果表明不同地区葡萄叶片中的内生细菌数量在8.0×10~3~2.8×10~4CFU·g~(-1)之间,其中武汉地区最高;不同生长时期葡萄叶片中的内生细菌数量在0.8×10~3~1.5×10~4CFU·g~(-1)之间,其中成熟期数量最大。扩增16S rRNA基因序列鉴定,分离获得的内生细菌属于芽胞杆菌属、泛菌属、短小杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属,芽胞杆菌属为常见菌群。DGGE分析结果显示,同一地区和同一生长时期的样品间相似性较高;不同地区以成都地区的内生细菌种类最丰富;不同生长时期以成熟期种类最多。对特征条带回收测序,结果显示不可培养细菌和未确认的海洋浮游细菌在葡萄叶片中大量存在。 相似文献
10.
JIN Junfang 《干旱区科学》2022,14(7):705-718
In the context of global change, it is essential to promote the rational development and utilization of land resources, improve the quality of regional ecological environment, and promote the harmonious development of human and nature for the regional sustainability. We identified land use/land cover types in northern China from 2001 to 2018 with ENVI images and ArcGIS software. Meteorological data were selected from 292 stations in northern China, the potential evapotranspiration was calculated with the Penman-Monteith formula, and reanalysis humidity and observed humidity data were obtained. The reanalysis minus observation (RMO, i.e., the difference between reanalysis humidity and observed humidity) can effectively characterize the impact of different land use/land cover types (forestland, grassland, cultivated land, construction land, water body and unused land) on surface humidity in northern China in the early 21st century. The results showed that from 2001 to 2018, the area of forestland expanded (increasing by approximately 1.80×104 km2), while that of unused land reduced (decreasing by approximately 5.15×104 km2), and the regional ecological environment was improved. Consequently, land surface in most areas of northern China tended to be wetter. The contributions of land use/land cover types to surface humidity changes were related to the quality of the regional ecological environment. The contributions of the six land use/land cover types to surface humidity were the highest in northeastern region of northern China, with a better ecological environment, and the lowest in northwestern region, with a fragile ecological environment. Surface humidity was closely related to the variation in regional vegetation coverage; when the regional vegetation coverage with positive (negative) contributions expanded (reduced), the land surface became wetter. The positive contributions of forestland and water body to surface humidity were the greatest. Unused land and construction land were associated with the most serious negative contributions to surface humidity. Affected by the regional distribution pattern of vegetation, surface humidity in different seasons decreased from east to west in northern China. The seasonal variation in surface humidity was closely related to the growth of vegetation: surface humidity was the highest in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the lowest in winter. According to the results, surface humidity is expected to increase in northeastern region of northern China, decrease in northern region, and likely increase in northwestern region. 相似文献
11.
从马铃薯田自然罹病马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫上,分离到1株对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫具有较强致病作用的菌株ML-1,通过形态及16S rRNA序列测定分析,确定该菌株ML-1为黏质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens。采用饲喂法分别测定了该菌株ML-1菌悬液、发酵液及发酵上清液对马铃薯块茎蛾初孵3日龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明,用ML-1菌悬液、发酵液及发酵上清液饲喂后第7 d时,马铃薯块茎蛾3日龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率分别为63.16%、80.70%和49.12%,在3.0×109 cfu/mL浓度下的LT50分别为4.71、3.04和6.47 d,在发酵液处理后第3、5和7 d的LC50分别为9.784×1010、1.855×108和5.434×105 cfu/mL。综上所述,黏质沙雷氏菌ML-1菌株对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫有较强的毒力,在马铃薯块茎蛾绿色防控中具有一定的开发潜能。 相似文献
12.
WANG Shanshan 《干旱区科学》2021,13(12):1274-1286
The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China and is considered as an important river to protect the oasis economy and environment of the Tarim Basin. However, excessive exploitation and over-utilization of natural resources, particularly water resources, have triggered a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as the reduction in the volume of water in the main river, deterioration of water quality, drying up of downstream rivers, degradation of vegetation, and land desertification. In this study, the land use/land cover change (LUCC) responses to ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were investigated using ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) and GIS (Geographic Information System) data analysis software for the period of 1990-2018. Multi-temporal remote sensing images and ecological water conveyance data from 1990 to 2018 were used. The results indicate that LUCC covered an area of 2644.34 km2 during this period, accounting for 15.79% of the total study area. From 1990 to 2018, wetland, farmland, forestland, and artificial surfaces increased by 533.42 km2 (216.77%), 446.68 km2 (123.66%), 284.55 km2 (5.67%), and 57.51 km2 (217.96%), respectively, whereas areas covered by grassland and other land use/land cover types, such as Gobi, bare soil, and deserts, decreased by 103.34 km2 (14.31%) and 1218.83 km2 (11.75%), respectively. Vegetation area decreased first and then increased, with the order of 2010<2000<1990<2018. LUCC in the overflow and stagnant areas in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was mainly characterized by fragmentation, irregularity, and complexity. By analyzing the LUCC responses to 19 rounds of ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River from 2000 to the end of 2018, we proposed guidelines for the rational development and utilization of water and soil resources and formulation of strategies for the sustainable development of the lower reaches of the Tarim River. This study provides scientific guidance for optimal scheduling of water resources in the region. 相似文献
13.
大蒜白斑病是由Stemphylium solani 引起的一种重要的大蒜病害,病菌可产生致病毒素SS-毒素。本文采用薄层层析和高效液相色谱法对该毒素进行分离纯化,结合化学鉴定、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、质谱、元素分析以及核磁共振等方法鉴定毒素结构。通过化学反应可初步判断该毒素是一种酚类物质;毒素在215、264和458 nm处有紫外可见吸收峰;在红外光谱中可看出,毒素结构中有酚-OH(3 400 cm-1)、-CH3(2 946 cm-1、1 449 cm-1、1 395 cm-1)、芳香环(3 092 cm-1、1 595 cm-1)、-CO(1 670 cm-1)和酮-C=O(1 640 cm-1)存在的伸缩振动;根据电喷雾质谱和元素分析结果得到SS-毒素的分子式为C16H16O8;进一步结合毒素的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱将SS-毒素鉴定为7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,2,3,4,5-五羟基蒽醌。本文是首次对S. solani致病毒素的化学结构进行鉴定。 相似文献
14.
Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment. Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion. However, it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale. To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015, we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR, and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model (LMDI) which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors, to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor (C factor) and the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale. In general, soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015, of which about 54.95% of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor, and 41.31% was caused by the change in the R factor. There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus, of which 64.10% of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor, and 23.88% was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor. Therefore, the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion, while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion. The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor (12.10×103 km2) was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor (8.30×103 km2), which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion. This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion, and also provided a scientific basis for the regional control of soil erosion. 相似文献
15.
油菜内生生防菌BY-2在油菜体内的定殖与对油菜菌核病的防治作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
从油菜植株体内分离出的内生细菌BY-2,经过生物学鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。用BY-2回接油菜,重新分离到具有BY-2相同形态特征和抑制病原真菌能力的内生菌株。油菜接种后的第10 d,体内的BY-2菌数达(2.24~9.02)×103 cfu/g鲜植株,25 d仍然保持在(3.13~8.59)×103 cfu/g鲜植株。BY-2与油菜核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary]对峙培养可以形成直径为3.1 cm的抑菌圈;可使油菜核盘菌菌丝细胞浓缩变短,细胞壁破裂,原生质外溢,从而抑制真菌生长发育;同时还能抑制菌核的萌发,抑制率达60%~70%;在油菜离体叶片试验中,BY-2对菌核病的防治效果达100%。 相似文献
16.
Frequent periods of drought conditions are known to limit plant performance,primary production,and ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid desert steppe environments.Plants often avoid competition by shifting their water use seasonally,which affects the water-use patterns of dominant species as well as the composition and structure of plant communities.However,the water-use strategies of dominant herbaceous species,which grow under natural field conditions in the desert steppe region of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,are poorly known.Here,we explored the possible sources of water uptake and water-use efficiency(WUE)of three dominant herbaceous plant species(Stipa breviflora,Agropyron mongolicum,and Glycyrrhiza uralensis)in a native desert steppe in the semi-arid area of Ningxia through an analysis of multiple parameters,including(1)the stable isotopic oxygen and hydrogen(δ18O andδ2H)compositions of precipitation,soil water,and stem water,(2)the carbon isotope(13C)composition of leaves,and(3)the soil water contents,based on field sampling across varying water conditions from June to September,2017.Frequent small precipitation events replenished shallow soil water,whereas large events only percolated down to the deep soil layers.Changes in soil water availability affected the water-use patterns of plants.Generally,during light precipitation periods,the deep root system of G.uralensis accessed deeper(>80 cm)soil water,whereas S.breviflora and A.mongolicum,which only have shallow roots,primarily absorbed water from the shallow and middle soil layers.As precipitation increased,all three plant species primarily obtained water from the shallow soil layers.Variation in soil water uptake between the dry and wet seasons enabled plants to make better use of existing satoil water.In addition,theδ13C values of G.uralensis and S.breviflora were higher than those of A.mongolicum.Theδ13C values of the three plant species were significantly negatively correlated with soil water content.Therefore,G.uralensis and S.breviflora maintained a higher WUE through their conservative and water-saving strategies across the entire growing season.In contrast,A.mongolicum,with a relatively low WUE in the wet season but a high WUE in the dry season,exhibited a more flexible water-use strategy.The different water-use strategies of these dominant plant species demonstrated the mechanisms by which plant communities can respond to drought. 相似文献
17.
为了探讨近30 a来我国干旱区荒漠植被的净初级生产力(NPP)及其与水热因子相关性随时间的变化,运用CASA(Carnegie Ames Stanford approach)模型估算我国荒漠植被1982—2015年生长季的NPP,并运用线性回归和GIS空间分析方法分析了NPP的时空变化特征,利用滑动相关系数分析了荒漠植被NPP与水热因子的关系。结果表明：① 单位面积NPP均值为42 g·m-2·a-1,NPP整体水平较低。空间上呈西北部、东部边缘较高,中部、南部和中东部较低的分布特征。② 荒漠植被NPP年均总量为5.783×1013g·a-1。从荒漠植被NPP的年际变化来看,1982—2015年中国荒漠植被NPP总量以1.64×1012g·(10a)-1的线性速率（P=0.054）上升,荒漠植被生长状况总体上不断改善,但总量趋势呈现阶段性变化,1982—1993年荒漠植被NPP总量呈极显著增长态势（1.25×1012 g·a-1,P<0.01）; 1993—2006年NPP总量呈极显著降低态势（-6.42×1011 g·a-1,P<0.01）; 2006—2015年NPP总量缓慢增长（1.70×1011 g·a-1,P>0.05）。从空间变化来看,47.65%的荒漠植被NPP呈增加态势,主要分布在阿拉善高原、天山北麓、塔里木盆地西部边缘、柴达木盆地的东南边缘、阿尔金山南麓和昆仑山脉。③ 从荒漠植被NPP与各气候因子之间的相关关系随时间的变化来看,NPP与气温的滑动相关系数随时间的变化保持为负相关,与降水、干燥度的滑动相关系数保持为正相关,与太阳总辐射的滑动相关系数随时间变化并未表现出显著的变化趋势。总体上,荒漠植被与水热因子的相关关系在研究时段均有进一步减弱的态势,即荒漠植被NPP对气候因子的变化愈来愈不敏感。 相似文献
18.
Snow resisting capacity of vegetation is important for secondary distribution of water resources in seasonal snow areas of grassland because it affects the regeneration,growth and nutrient circulation of vegetation in grassland.This study investigated vegetation characteristics(canopy height,canopy length and crown width)of Caragana microphylla Lam.(shrub)and Achnatherum splendens(Trin.)Nevski.(herb),and snow morphologies(snow depth,snow width and snow braid length)in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia,China in 2017.And the influence of vegetation characteristic on snow resisting capacity(the indices of bottom area of snow and snow volume reflect snow resisting capacity)was analyzed.The results showed that snow morphology depends on vegetation characteristics of shrub and herb.The canopy height was found to have the greatest influence on snow depth and the crown width had the greatest influence on snow width.The canopy length was found to have little influence on morphological parameters of snow.When the windward areas of C.microphylla and A.splendens were within the ranges of 0.0-0.5 m2 and 0.0-8.0 m2,respectively,the variation of snow cover was large;however,beyond these areas,the variation of snow cover became gradually stable.The potential area of snow retardation for a single plant was 1.5-2.5 m2 and the amount of snow resistance was 0.15-0.20 m3.The bottom area of snow and snow volume(i.e.,snow resisting capacity)of clumped C.microphylla and A.splendens was found to be 4 and 25 times that of individual plant,respectively.The results could provide a theoretical basis both for the estimation of snow cover and the establishment of a plant-based technical system for the control of windblown snow in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia. 相似文献
19.
从防风根际土壤中筛选得到1株对根腐病具有良好防治效果的拮抗菌株MR-47,基于形态学、ITS序列分析方法对菌株MR-47进行鉴定,确定该菌株为桃色顶孢霉Acremonium persicinum（GenBank No. OK287149.1）。通过对峙培养、显微镜观察,探究了菌株MR-47对木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti的抑菌机理;基于盆栽试验,明确菌株MR-47的定殖能力及防病促生效果。结果表明,菌株MR-47对木贼镰刀菌抑菌率达69.26%,病原菌菌丝出现缢缩、膨大、扭曲、畸形等现象;对尖孢镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌等多种病原真菌表现出了良好的广谱抑菌活性;在土壤中定殖35 d内,最大定殖量为8.38×106 CFU/g,最低为5.57×106 CFU/g;MR-47对防风根腐病防效达75.05%。因此,桃色顶孢霉MR-47在防风根腐病的病害管理方面具有较好的开发价值及应用潜力。 相似文献
20.
SUN Dingzhao 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):390-410
Comprehensive assessments of ecosystem services in environments under the influences of human activities and climate change are critical for sustainable regional ecosystem management. Therefore, integrated interdisciplinary modelling has become a major focus of ecosystem service assessment. In this study, we established a model that integrates land use/cover change (LUCC), climate change, and water retention services to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of water retention services in the Loess Plateau of China in the historical period (2000-2015) and in the future (2020-2050). An improved Markov-Cellular Automata (Markov-CA) model was used to simulate land use/land cover patterns, and ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to simulate and assess water retention services from 2000 to 2050 under six combined scenarios, including three land use/land cover scenarios (historical scenario (HS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), and urban expansion scenario (UES)) and two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, where RCP is the representative concentration pathway). LUCCs in the historical period (2000-2015) and in the future (2020-2050) are dominated by transformations among agricultural land, urban land and grassland. Urban land under UES increased significantly by 0.63×103 km2/a, which was higher than the increase of urban land under HS and EPS. In the Loess Plateau, water yield decreased by 17.20×106 mm and water retention increased by 0.09×106 mm in the historical period (2000-2015), especially in the Interior drainage zone and its surrounding areas. In the future (2020-2050), the pixel means of water yield is higher under RCP4.5 scenario (96.63 mm) than under RCP8.5 scenario (95.46 mm), and the pixel means of water retention is higher under RCP4.5 scenario (1.95 mm) than under RCP8.5 scenario (1.38 mm). RCP4.5-EPS shows the highest total water retention capacity on the plateau scale among the six combined scenarios, with the value of 1.27×106 mm. Ecological restoration projects in the Loess Plateau have enhanced soil and water retention. However, more attention needs to be paid not only to the simultaneous increase in water retention services and evapotranspiration but also to the type and layout of restored vegetation. Furthermore, urbanization needs to be controlled to prevent uncontrollable LUCCs and climate change. Our findings provide reference data for the regional water and land resources management and the sustainable development of socio-ecological systems in the Loess Plateau under LUCC and climate change scenarios. 相似文献