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1.
Climate warming and livestock grazing are known to have great influences on alpine ecosystems like those of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP) in China. However, it is lacking of studies on the effects of warming and grazing on plant and soil properties in these alpine ecosystems. In this study, we reported the related research from manipulative experiment in 2010–2012 in the QTP. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of warming and clipping on plant and soil properties in the alpine meadow ecosystem. Infrared radiators were used to simulate climate warming starting in July 2010, while clipping was performed once in October 2011 to simulate the local livestock grazing. The experiment was designed as a randomized block consisting of five replications and four treatments: control(CK), warming(W), clipping(C) and warming+clipping combination(WC). The plant and soil properties were investigated in the growing season of the alpine meadow in 2012. The results showed that W and WC treatments significantly decreased relative humidity at 20-cm height above ground as well as significantly increases air temperature at the same height, surface temperature, and soil temperature at the depth of 0–30 cm. However, the C treatment did not significantly decrease soil moisture and soil temperature at the depth of 0–60 cm. Relative to CK, vegetation height and species number increased significantly in W and WC treatment, respectively, while vegetation aboveground biomass decreased significantly in C treatment in the early growing season. However, vegetation cover, species diversity, belowground biomass and soil properties at the depth of 0–30 cm did not differ significantly in W, C and WC treatments. Soil moisture increased at the depth of 40–100 cm in W and WC treatments, while belowground biomass, soil activated carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen increased in the 30–50 cm soil layer in W, C and WC treatments. Although the initial responses of plant and soil properties to experimental warming and clipping were slow and weak, the drought induced by the downward shift of soil moisture in the upper soil layers may induce plant belowground biomass to transfer to the deeper soil layers. This movement would modify the distributions of soil activated carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen. However, long-term data collection is needed to further explain this interesting phenomenon. 相似文献
2.
气候变暖对高寒地区植物生长与物候影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究高寒地区植被在气候变化下的反应与适应等过程成为众多科学家所关注的问题。植物生长与物候是对气候变化敏感且易观测的指标,为更好得了解高寒地区植被生态系统对全球气候变化的响应机制,文中基于已有的研究并结合自己的实验分析了气候变暖对高寒地区植物生长与物候的影响。分析指出:1)温度升高对高寒植被有正效应,而温度持续升高,则对植被产生负效应,但增温效应都未达到显著水平,说明短期增温对该植被影响不显著;2)较高海拔地区(4500m)的植物高度有增加趋势,而较低海拔地区(3400m)的植物可能出现矮化;3)在高寒生态系统,温度升高能够加快植物物候进程,延长生长季,但物候的改变也会给其带来生存风险。 相似文献
3.
Alpine meadow ecosystem is fragile and highly sensitive to climate change.An understanding of the allocation of above-and below-ground plant biomass and correlations with environmental factors in alpine meadow ecosystem can result in better protection and effective utilization of alpine meadow vegetation.We chose an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China as the study area and designed experimental warming plots using a randomized block experimental design.We used single-tube infrared radiators as warming devices,established the warming treatments,and measured plant above- (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) during the growing seasons (May to September) in 2012 and 2013.We determined the allocation of biomass and the relationship between biomass and soil environment under the warming treatment.Biomass indices including above-ground biomass,below-ground biomass and the ratio of root to shoot (R/S) ,and soil factors including soil moisture and soil temperature at different depths were measured.The results showed that (1) BGB of the alpine meadow had the most significant allometric correlation with its AGB (y=298.7x~ (0.44) ,P0.001) ,but the relationship decreased under warming treatment and the determination coefficient of the functional equation was 0.102 which was less than that of 0.188 of the unwarming treatment (control) ; (2) BGB increased,especially in the deeper soil layers under warming treatment (P0.05) .At 0–10 cm soil depth,the percentages of BGB under warming treatment were smaller than those of the control treatment with the decreases being 8.52% and 8.23% in 2012 and 2013,respectively.However,the BGB increased 2.13% and 2.06% in 2012 and 2013,respectively,at 10–50 cm soil depths; (3) BGB had significant positive correlations with soil moisture at 100 cm depth and with soil temperature at 20–100 cm depths (P0.05) ,but the mean correlation coefficient of soil temperature was 0.354,greater than the 0.245 of soil moisture.R/S ratio had a significant negative correlation with soil temperature at 20 cm depth (P0.05) .The warmer soil temperatures in shallow layers increased the biomass allocation to above-ground plant parts,which leading to the increase in AGB;whereas the enhanced thawing of frozen soil in deep layers causing by warming treatment produced more moisture that affected plant biomass allocation. 相似文献
4.
The change of freeze-thaw pattern of the Tibetan Plateau under climate warming is bound to have a profound impact on the soil process of alpine grassland ecosystem;however,the research on the impact of the freeze-thaw action on nitrogen processes of the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau has not yet attracted much attention.In this study,the impact of the freezing strength on the soil nitrogen components of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau was studied through laboratory freeze-thaw simulation experiments.The 0–10 cm topsoil was collected from the alpine marsh meadow and alpine meadow in the permafrost region of Beilu River.In the experiment,the soil samples were cultivated at –10°C,–7°C,–5°C,–3°C and –1°C,respectively for three days and then thawed at 2°C for one day.The results showed that after the freeze-thaw process,the soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly decreased while the dissolved organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen significantly increased.When the freezing temperature was below –7°C,there was no significant difference between the content of nitrogen components,which implied a change of each nitrogen component might have a response threshold toward the freezing temperature.As the freeze-thaw process can lead to the risk of nitrogen loss in the alpine grassland ecosystem,more attention should be paid to the response of the soil nitrogen cycle of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau to the freeze-thaw process. 相似文献
5.
以青藏高原腹地典型高寒草甸植被类型为研究对象，采用红外灯加热的方法模拟全球增温，并利用水分探头，于2012年植物生长季（5—9月）获取0~100 cm不同土层深度土壤水分含量数据，并分析其对增温的响应。结果表明：① 短期增温对高寒草甸土壤水分含量有提高作用，但增幅并不显著（P>0.05），平均提高2.85%。② 土壤水分含量随土层深度的增加呈现先减少后增加的趋势，在10~20 cm土层深度处降为最低值13.8%，在60~100 cm土层深度附近达到了20.57%的最高值；对照组5个月10~20 cm土层深度的土壤水分含量显著低于其他土层，而增温组0~20 cm土层深度的土壤含水量显著低于其他土层深度，表明增温对表层（0~10 cm）的土壤含水量影响较大，对深层土壤含水量的影响则较小，而且短期增温不会对土壤水分的垂直分布趋势产生影响。③
土壤水分含量随时间的变化，在5—8月呈上升趋势，表明在青藏高原北麓河地区植物生长季，8月是其土壤水分含量最充足的月份，到了9月土壤中含水量开始降低，但5个土层深度降幅均不明显；增温组土壤水分含量随时间的变化趋势与对照组基本一致。 相似文献
6.
围封条件下紫花针茅群落主要结构特征和地上生物量变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在新疆巴音布鲁克高寒草原,根据样方调查资料,通过测定围封22年后紫花针茅群落的特征值,并与围栏外作对照,就围栏封育对退化高寒草原植被特征的影响进行了分析。结果表明:对退化高寒草原实施长期的围栏封育,群落物种数目比围栏外增加23.77%;围栏内禾本科优良牧草比围栏外大量增加,杂类草较围栏外明显降低;群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均比围栏外减小;地上生物量较围栏外明显增加,其中禾本科牧草较围栏外增加66.46%。因此,从高寒草原生产利用角度看,构建围栏对于退化高寒草原的恢复和畜牧业的发展是有益的。 相似文献
7.
土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度。为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系。结果表明:高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、地上生物量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮含量表现出一致的变化趋势。因而,认为高寒草甸的退化是会引起土壤电导率的变化,土壤电导率作为土壤盐渍化程度的衡量指标,亦可作为评价草甸退化的客观指标之一。 相似文献
8.
围栏与不同放牧强度对东祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在东祁连山高寒草地,对围栏7年和不同放牧强度的草地进行了物种数、地上生物量、地下生物量、土壤理化性质等研究。结果表明,围栏7年的高寒草地鲜草产量为425.8 g·m-2,显著高于夏季中牧159.3 g·m-2和夏季重牧91.0 g·m-2,但与冬季轻牧、夏季轻牧差异不显著。围栏条件下的物种数为26.3种·16 m-2,显著低于其他放牧条件下的物种数,但显著高于夏季重牧条件下的物种数23.0种·16 m-2;轻度或重度放牧都会使物种数减少,夏季中牧下的物种数最高(33.5种·16 m-2)。在0~10 cm的表层土壤中,围栏7年的草地根系生物量显著高于其他放牧强度。随着放牧强度的增加,根系生物量在0~10 cm土壤中呈下降趋势,在30~40 cm土壤中则表现为升高趋势。围栏7年的土壤容重低于其他放牧强度下的土壤容重,但差异不显著;夏季重牧的土壤容重显著高于围栏7年和其他放牧强度的土壤容重。随着放牧强度的增加,0~10 cm土壤碱解氮增加,围栏7年草地最低。围栏封育可有效改善和恢复草地植被,但不能长时间禁牧不进行放牧利用。合理的放牧能够维护高寒草甸草地生态系统功能、促进物种丰富度和土壤营养的均衡。 相似文献
9.
分析高寒草甸植被生育期耗水量及植被生物量积累与气象因子的关系,结果表明植被生育期耗水量呈单峰型变化过程,7月耗水量最大。初期营养生长阶段的5月耗水量、植被生物量均较低,水分影响着植物的初期营养生长但不甚显著;植物旺盛生长的6～7月,耗水量高,而生物量波动明显,温度和水分均影响到生物量的提高,且水分是影响植被生长的关键因素;植物生长末期的8～9月,耗水量及植被阶段累积生物量均较低,水分条件充足,并非是植物生长的限制因素。海北高寒草甸地区植被年地上净初级生产量、地下净初级生产量、净初级生产量与植被耗水量关系不明显。而与相应的温度具有较显著的正相关关系。表明高寒草甸地区植被净初级生产量受温度条件限制的影响比水分条件更为明显。 相似文献
10.
ZHANG Zhenchao 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):806-818
Understanding the effects of degradation on belowground biomass (BGB) is essential for assessment of carbon budget of the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau, China. This ecosystem has been undergoing serious degradation owing to climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study examined the response of the vertical distribution of plant BGB to degradation and explored the underlying mechanisms in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. A field survey was conducted in an alpine meadow with seven sequential degrees of degradation in the Zoige Plateau on the Tibetan Plateau during the peak growing season of 2018. We measured aboveground biomass (AGB), BGB, soil water content (SWC), soil bulk density (SBD), soil compaction (SCOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP), soil available nitrogen (SAN), and soil available phosphorus (STP) in the 0-30 cm soil layers. Our results show that degradation dramatically decreased the BGB in the 0-10 cm soil layer (BGB0-10) but slightly increased the subsoil BGB. The main reason may be that the physical-chemical properties of surface soil were more sensitive to degradation than those of subsoil, as indicated by the remarked positive associations of the trade-off value of BGB0-10 with SWC, SCOM, SOC, STN, SAN, and STP, as well as the negative correlation between the trade-off value of BGB0-10 and SBD in the soil layer of 0-10 cm. In addition, an increase in the proportion of forbs with increasing degradation degree directly affected the BGB vertical distribution. The findings suggest that the decrease in the trade-off value of BGB0-10 in response to degradation might be an adaptive strategy for the degradation-induced drought and infertile soil conditions. This study can provide theoretical support for assessing the effects of degradation on the carbon budget and sustainable development in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau as well as other similar ecosystems in the world. 相似文献
11.
XIANG Zeyu 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):1054-1070
Mounds constructed by plateau zokors, which is widely distributed in alpine meadows significantly modified plant community structure. However, the variations of plant community structure under the disturbance of plateau zokor-made mound are less concerned. Therefore, we investigated the responses of plant community on zokor-made mound of different years (1 a and 3-4 a), and compared with undisturbed sites (no mound) in an alpine meadow in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China. Species richness, coverage and Simpson diversity index were all significantly reduced by the presence of zokor-made mound, but plant heights were significantly increased, particularly in grasses and sedges. Several perennial forage species showed an increased importance value and niche breadth, including Koeleria macrantha, Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis. The effect of zokor-made mound on niche overlap showed that more intense interspecific competition produced a greater utilization of environmental resources. And this interspecific niche overlap was strengthened as succession progressed. The bare mound created by zokor burrowing activities provided a colonizing opportunity for non-dominant forage species, resulting in abundant plant species and plant diversity during the succession period. We concluded that presence of zokor-made mound was conducive to regeneration and vitality of plant community in alpine meadows, thus improving their resilience to anthropogenic stress. 相似文献
12.
WANG Haiming 《干旱区科学》2016,8(6):881-889
Improving our knowledge of the effects of environmental factors(e.g.soil conditions,precipitation and temperature) on belowground biomass in an alpine grassland is essential for understanding the consequences of carbon storage in this biome.The object of this study is to investigate the relative importance of soil nutrients and climate factors on belowground biomass in an alpine meadow in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers,Tibetan Plateau.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorous(TP) contents and belowground biomass were measured at 22 sampling sites across an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.We analyzed the data by using the redundancy analysis to determine the main environmental factors affecting the belowground biomass and the contribution of each factor.The results showed that SOC,TN and TP were the main factors that influenced belowground biomass,and the contribution of SOC,TN and TP on biomass was in the range of 47.87%–72.06% at soil depths of 0–30 cm.Moreover,the combined contribution of annual mean temperature(AMT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP) on belowground biomass ranged from 0.92% to 4.10%.A potential mechanism for the differences in belowground biomass was caused by the variations in soil nitrogen and phosphorous,which were coupled with SOC.A significant correlation was observed between MAP and soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) at the soil depth of 0–10 cm(P0.05).We concluded that precipitation is an important driving force in regulating ecosystem functioning as reflected in variations of soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) and dynamics of belowground biomass in alpine grassland ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
为了探讨禁牧对植物个体功能性状的影响,在新疆呼图壁县、玛纳斯县及昌吉市阿什里乡对短期禁牧下蒿类荒漠草地建群种伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)的个体表型特征、构件生物量及其分配比进行了测定。结果表明:伊犁绢蒿个体功能性状对短期禁牧的响应因禁牧地点的差异而有所不同,呼图壁和玛纳斯样地的大多性状如株高、地上生物量、叶片数、叶生物量均呈显著增加(P 0. 05),而昌吉样地多数功能性状虽为增加,但均不显著。总体分析可知,短期禁牧后伊犁绢蒿的株高、地上生物量、叶片数、茎生物量、叶生物量依次显著增加21. 32%、48. 97%、104. 50%、50. 18%、100. 00%(P 0. 05),根颈直径、一级及三级分枝数出现显著下降,而二级分枝数、生殖生物量、各构件生物量分配比变化不显著。伊犁绢蒿个体表型性状与其构件生物量及分配比间均具有显著的联动效应,且短期禁牧可引起其部分个体功能性状间的相关关系发生显著改变。研究表明,短期禁牧促进伊犁绢蒿个体功能性状的恢复,利于退化蒿类荒漠草地的恢复。 相似文献
14.
高寒草甸不同类型草地土壤机械组成及肥力比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了青藏高原高寒草甸不同类型草地土壤机械组成和土壤养分变化特征,并用相关分析探讨了土壤理化特征、土壤机械组成对不同草地类型群落物种组成、生物量变化的响应。结果表明:不同草地类型土壤机械组成分布大致是矮嵩草草甸:粉粒>细砂粒>粘粒>粗砂粒;高山嵩草草甸:细砂粒>粉粒>粘粒>粗砂粒;藏嵩草沼泽化草甸:细砂粒>粉粒>粘粒>粗砂粒;金露梅灌丛:粉粒>粘粒≥细砂粒>粗砂粒。矮嵩草草甸、高山嵩草草甸为粉砂质粘壤土,藏嵩草沼泽化草甸为壤土,金露梅灌丛为壤质粘土。矮嵩草草甸、高山嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛土壤颗粒分布相对比较均匀(除藏嵩草沼泽化草甸外),主要集中在<0.5mm的范围内,土壤粘粒含量普遍大于20%。土壤全量养分和速效养分以及土壤物理特征均影响着高寒草甸不同草地类型土壤质量和土壤结构。土壤结构和养分状况是判断高寒草甸生态系统生态功能维持的关键指标之一。 相似文献
15.
新疆巴音布鲁克高山草地物种丰富度与生产力的关系 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用野外调查的物种丰富度和生物量资料,对位于新疆天山中段巴音布鲁克草地的20个样地进行群落数量分类,揭示每种群落类型的物种丰富度和生产力特征,在此基础上,考察了群落内和群落间物种丰富度与生产力的关系,并探讨其形成机制.结果表明:利用TWINSPAN将20个样地划分为6个群落类型(亚高山草原、亚高山草甸化草原、亚高山草原化草甸、亚高山草甸、高山草甸和高山沼泽草甸).6个草地群落类型地上生物量、物种丰富度差异明显:就地上生物量而言,亚高山草原和亚高山草甸较低,高山沼泽草甸和高山草甸较高,而亚高山草甸化草原和亚高山草原化草甸处于两者之间;就物种丰富度而言,亚高山草甸和高山草甸较高,亚高山草原和高山沼泽草甸较低,而亚高山草甸化草原和亚高山草原化草甸处于两者之间.群落内物种丰富度与生产力的关系表现出多种形式:亚高山草原、亚高山草甸和高山草甸的物种丰富度与生产力呈正相关,亚高山草甸化草原的物种丰富度与生产力呈负相关,而亚高山草原化草甸和高山沼泽草甸的物种丰富度与生产力没有表现出显著的相关关系.群落间物种丰富度与生产力呈现"单峰"关系.群落内生产力范围不够大,可能是群落内未能观察到"单峰"关系的原因;环境异质性是导致群落间出现"单峰"关系的关键因素. 相似文献
16.
以石羊河上游旱泉沟流域紫花苜蓿人工草地为例,采用常规群落学调查,并结合2003～2009年连续7a的定位观测资料,研究了紫花苜蓿草地退化过程和群落动态特征.结果表明:紫花苜蓿人工草地建植以来,群落盖度逐年下降,群落密度逐年增大,地上部分生物量呈抛物线变化趋势;随着紫花苜蓿草地的退化,杂类草侵入群落,物种数由7种增加到1... 相似文献
17.
Community structure and carbon and nitrogen storage of sagebrush desert under grazing exclusion in Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Overgrazing is regarded as one of the key factors of vegetation and soil degradation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.Grazing exclusion(GE)is one of the most common pathways used to restore degraded grasslands and to improve their ecosystem services.Nevertheless,there are still significant controversies concerning GE’s effects on grassland diversity as well as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)storage.It remains poorly understood in the arid desert regions,whilst being essential for the sustainable use of grassland resources.To assess the effects of GE on community characteristics and C and N storage of desert plant community in the arid desert regions,we investigated the community structure and plant biomass,as well as C and N storage of plants and soil(0-100 cm depth)in short-term GE(three years)plots and adjacent long-term freely grazing(FG)plots in the areas of sagebrush desert in Northwest China,which are important both for spring-autumn seasonal pasture and for ecological conservation.Our findings indicated that GE was beneficial to the average height,coverage and aboveground biomass(including stems,leaves and inflorescences,and litter)of desert plant community,to the species richness and importance values of subshrubs and perennial herbs,and to the biomass C and N storage of aboveground parts(P<0.05).However,GE was not beneficial to the importance values of annual herbs,root/shoot ratio and total N concentration in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers(P<0.05).Additionally,the plant density,belowground biomass,and soil organic C concentration and C storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer could not be significantly changed by short-term GE(three years).The results suggest that,although GE was not beneficial for C sequestration in the sagebrush desert ecosystem,it is an effective strategy for improving productivity,diversity,and C and N storage of plants.As a result,GE can be used to rehabilitate degraded grasslands in the arid desert regions of Northwest China. 相似文献
18.
祁连山北坡天然草地根冠比与气候因子的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用祁连山北坡5类天然草地地上/地下生物量和同期的气象资料,分析5类草地的根冠比（R/S）与气候因子的关系。结果表明：5类草地生物量为山地草甸＞山地草原＞山地草甸草原＞高寒草原＞山地荒漠草原,除高寒草原、山地草甸草原和山地草原的生物量之间无显著差异外,其余各类之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;高寒草原、山地草甸、山地草甸草原、山地草原和山地荒漠草原的R/S分别为9.3,8.7,5.1,7.0和7.1;5类草地R/S的季节变化均呈反抛物线型,但变化不尽相同;高寒草原的月R/S随上月土壤含水量的增加而显著降低,山地草甸草原和山地草原的月R/S随上月潜在蒸散量的增加也呈显著降低趋势,而山地草甸和山地荒漠草原的月R/S与前期的水热因子无显著相关关系。 相似文献
19.
不同干扰对高寒草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
通过对新疆巴音布鲁克高寒草原天然草地进行灌溉、围栏(2年、7年、13年)和自由放牧处理,探讨不同干扰类型对草地植物多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明:灌溉使草地植物群落的高度、盖度和地上、地下生物量达到较高的水平,物种多样性也有一定程度的增加;而在自由放牧制度下,由于干扰过于剧烈,草地已呈退化趋势,物种多样性和生物量均较低;在围栏草地中,随着围封年限的增加,群落高度、盖度、地上、地下生物量逐渐增加,物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在5种干扰类型中,物种丰富度、Shannon-W iener指数(H′)的排列顺序为:放牧草地<围栏2年草地<灌溉草地<围栏13年草地<围栏7年草地;P ielou均匀度指数的排列顺序为:围栏2年<放牧<灌溉<围栏13年<围栏7年;地上生物量的变化趋势为:放牧草地<围栏2年草地<围栏7年草地<围栏13年草地<灌溉草地;地下生物量的变化趋势为:放牧草地<围栏2年草地<灌溉草地<围栏7年草地<围栏13年草地。 相似文献
20.
天山南坡高寒草地物种多样性及地上生物量研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在新疆天山巴音布鲁克草原对高寒草甸、高寒草原和高寒草甸化草原的物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明:盖度+高度指标测度群落物种多样性指数要优于盖度和株数指标,更适于测度高寒草地的物种多样性指数。丰富度指数、Margalef指数与Shannon-wiener指数相关性显著,在小的空间研究尺度内,草地植物群落物种多样性指数受丰富度指数的影响较大。地上生物量与丰富度指数、Margalef指数和Shannon-wiener指数呈负相关关系。 相似文献