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Henning Nordmeyer 《Precision Agriculture》2006,7(3):219-231
Site-specific weed control in winter cereals was performed on the same fields every year over a 5-year period (1999–2003). The most common weeds (Apera spica-venti, Galium aparine, Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis) were counted by species, at grid points which were georeferenced and the data were analysed spatially. For weed control, weeds were grouped into three classes: grass, broad-leaved weeds (without Galium aparine), and Galium aparine. Based on weed distribution maps generated by the spatial analyses, herbicide application maps were created and site-specific herbicide application was carried out for grouped and or single weed species. This resulted in a significant reduction in herbicide use. Averaging the results for all fields and years, the total field area treated with herbicides was 39% for grass weeds, 44% for broad-leaved weeds (without Galium aparine) and 49% for Galium aparine. Therefore, site-specific weed control has the potential to reduce herbicide use compared to broadcast application, thus giving environmental and economic benefits. 相似文献
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Gerhards R. Sökefeld M. Timmermann C. Kühbauch W. Williams M. M. 《Precision Agriculture》2002,3(1):25-35
A four-year study of site-specific weed control is presented in this paper. Weed seedling distribution was sampled and mapped prior to and after post-emergence herbicide application in four fields planted with maize, sugar beets, winter wheat and winter barley, rotating on one site. Herbicides and other weed control strategies were applied site-specifically according to the spatial variation of weed populations. Different decision algorithms were used for chemical weed control methods in each crop. A weed treatment map was created to direct location and dosage of herbicide application. The sprayer was coupled with a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The solenoid valves of the sprayer were opened automatically when the tractor entered a weed patch characterized in the weed treatment map. For site specific herbicide application, a patch sprayer was developed that allowed variable rate application and the selective control of each section of the spray boom. 相似文献
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Development of a target oriented weed control system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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通过对麦田杂草生长状况以及影响麦田除草剂使用因素的剖析,针对性地提出了解决对策和途径,包括除草剂类型的选择,最佳防治期的选择,根据常见麦田的杂草选择何种化学除草药剂,除草药剂量的使用,提高除草剂喷施质量的要求等,并结合近几年我国小麦田的优势杂草种类,主要应用的除草剂分析了目前国内麦田杂草的抗药性现状及防治对策。 相似文献
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In order to evaluate economic and ecological benefits, site-specific weed control was realised in a 4-year experiment on five fields with a GPS-guided sprayer. An average of 54% of the herbicides could be saved. Savings were strongly dependent on crop and year. For grass weed herbicides, the savings were 90% in winter cereals, 78% in maize, and 36% in sugar beet. For herbicides against broadleaf weeds, 60% were saved in winter cereals, 11% in maize, and 41% in sugar beet. The monetary savings resulting from the reduction in herbicide use varied between the crops, depending on the amount of herbicides saved and the price of the herbicides. In maize, savings of 42euro/ha were realised, in winter wheat of 32euro/ha, in winter barley of 27euro/ha and in sugar beet of 20euro/ha. Large sections of the fields needed herbicide treatment significantly less frequently. In those areas where weed density remained below the weed control threshold, flora and fauna were allowed to establish largely without disturbance. 相似文献
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除草剂对棉田杂草群落结构的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
１９９６－１９９９年连续４年用棉田常用三类除草剂盖草能，乙草胺，草甘膦按常规方法防除棉田杂草，观察一除草剂连续使用后棉田杂种群结构的变化，结果表明，连续使用单一除草剂对棉要草种群结构影响显著，盖草能作用后，禾本科杂草的发生量逐年下降，至第四年已不再发生，而阔叶草的发生量在禾本科杂草被防除的当年即迅速上升，且大大超过对照（不用药）杂草发生总量，乙草胺处理能显著控制杂草的发生量，但残存杂草尤其是阔叶杂草逐年增多，到第三，第四年，田间生物量也接近对照，草甘膦连使用后，虽当年除草效果良好，但次年田间杂草发生基数并未得到控制，禾本科草，阔叶草逐年略有上升，且结构有所变化，阔叶杂草上升量略快于禾本科杂草。 相似文献
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苗圃杂草种类繁多,不同种类的杂草和苗木在苗圃中共生,杂草的防治直接影响着苗圃植株的成长.合理选用除草剂是苗圃除草的关键,因此,分析除草剂的生物学特性,为除草剂的施用提供客观指导,具有现实的理论意义和实践价值. 相似文献
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以细叶结缕草草坪中4种常见杂草为对象,通过盆栽试验研究3种草坪除草剂草坪隆5号、金百秀、秀白宫与尿素混用对供试草种鬼针(Bidens pilosa)、三叶草(Trifolium hybridum)、马蹄金(Dichondra repens)、狗尾草(Setaria)萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与尿素混用显著增强了3种草坪除草剂抑制杂草萌发、根芽生长的生物活性,且随着尿素浓度的增加而增效加强。在各处理中,3种除草剂的除草活性为:除草剂+1.0%尿素>除草剂+0.5%尿素>单施除草剂(最大田间使用量)>单施除草剂(1/2最大田间使用量)。同时,尿素对除草剂的增效在除草剂和杂草之间存在差异。 相似文献
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In sugar beet, maize and soybean, weeds are usually controlled by herbicides uniformly applied across the whole field. Due to restrictions in herbicide use and negative side effects, mechanical weeding plays a major role in integrated weed management (IWM). In 2015 and 2016, eight field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of an OEM Claas 3-D stereo camera® in combination with an Einböck Row-Guard® hoe for controlling weeds. Ducks-foot blades in the inter-row were combined with four different mechanical intra-row weeding elements in sugar beet, maize and soybean and a band sprayer in sugar beet. Average weed densities in the untreated control plots were from 12 to 153 plants m?2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Thlapsi arvense being the most abundant weed species. Camera steered hoeing resulted in 78% weed control efficacy compared to 65% using machine hoeing with manual guidance. Mechanical intra-row elements controlled up to 79% of the weeds in the crop rows. Those elements did not cause significant crop damage except for the treatment with a rotary harrow in maize in 2016. Weed control efficacy was highest in the herbicide treatments with almost 100% followed by herbicide band-applications combined with inter-row hoeing. Mechanical weed control treatments increased white sugar yield by 39%, maize biomass yield by 43% and soybean grain yield by 58% compared to the untreated control in both years. However, yield increase was again higher with chemical weed control. In conclusion, camera guided weed hoeing has improved efficacy and selectivity of mechanical weed control in sugar beet, maize and soybean. 相似文献
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试验采用随机区组设计的方法,研究了适合于红小豆田的化学除草技术。研究结果表明,收乐通作为茎叶处理剂,对红小豆田禾本科杂草防效达100%,且对红小豆安全,另外,高效盖草能、拿捕净、威霸、精稳杀得对红小豆也安全并且防效都在90%以上,是红小豆田安全有效的除草剂。本试验中尚未发现茎叶处理剂中对红小豆安全且对阔叶杂草防效较高的除草剂。在除草剂的土壤处理中,禾耐斯(1 500 mL)+赛克(750 g)+水(750 g)是一种理想配方,对红小豆安全,且对阔叶杂草的防效也好(>80%);对红小豆安全且对禾本科杂草防效较好(>77%)的处理为90%禾耐斯。 相似文献
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[目的]研究除草剂在不同杂草群落结构麦田中的防治效果,探索杂草对不同药剂的敏感性,以期为麦田杂草的化学防控提供支持。[方法] 通过田间小区试验的方法,测定了不同除草剂在冬小麦阔叶杂草田、禾草田、禾阔混生田的防治效果。[结果] 结果表明：双氟磺草胺对阔叶杂草的效果最好,禾草发生较多的田块及禾阔混生田以甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆为好；播娘蒿、荠菜等对大部分防治阔叶杂草的药剂依然较为敏感,其中双氟磺草胺敏感性最高,并对恶性杂草猪殃殃有特效；大部分禾本科杂草对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆敏感,但只有甲基二磺隆对恶性杂草节节麦有良好的防治效果。[结论] 以阔叶杂草为主的小麦田首选双氟磺草胺,以禾本科杂草及禾阔混生的小麦田宜选择甲基二磺隆。 相似文献
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四种除草剂对玉米苗期的杂草防治效果比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以紧凑型玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,对地膜封闭、茎叶两部分的4种组合除草剂进行减量处理,研究其对玉米苗期叶片干重及杂草数量的影响。结果表明:田间杂草防效,随除草剂施用量减少呈现显著下降趋势,播种后第5～7 d施用由乙草胺.莠去津.2,4-D复配而成的乳油可有效控制玉米田杂草危害,三者复配,配比为4:6:1,施用量4.4 L/hm2或每公顷施用0.6 L玉农乐+0.96 L莠去津合剂于杂草3～4片叶期,一次用药可有效防除田间杂草。 相似文献
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为减少除草剂对环境的影响,提高除草剂使用安全性,本文以新剂型40%虎乙悬浮乳剂播后苗前施药,与大豆田常用除草剂进行安全性、除草效果及产量比较。结果表明40%虎乙悬浮乳剂对大豆田安全对单、双子叶杂草有较好的防治效果,对大豆产量无影响。 相似文献
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为了探讨不同土壤处理除草剂随滴灌水施用的效果,2012—2014年在河南省襄城县优质烟田,对筛选出的5种土壤处理除草剂(50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂、90%双本酰草胺可湿性粉、96%精异丙甲草胺乳油、72%异丙甲草胺乳油和48%甲草胺乳油)进行了试验,施用量均为生产厂家规定的最佳用量,杂草防治对照为微喷灌不喷洒除草剂(CK-1)处理,除草剂施用量对照为随滴灌水不施用除草剂(CK-2)处理。结果表明,随滴灌水施用除草剂处理的杂草防治效果,以CK-1为对照达90.97%以上,以CK-2为对照达72.56%以上,并且除草剂处理在提高烟叶产量、上等烟产量、有效叶片数、叶面积系数方面,与两对照间的差异达到了极显著水平;不同除草剂处理之间,除对株高的影响没有达到显著水平外,对其他性状的影响均达到了显著水平。其中,50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂和96%精异丙甲草胺乳油处理的除草和增产效果均较好,以CK-1为对照的除草效果分别达96.10%和95.36%,以CK-2为对照的除草效果分别达88.15%和85.90%;烟叶产量较CK-1分别提高19.98%和17.28%,较CK-2分别提高7.50%和5.08%;上等烟产量较CK-1分别提高95.30%和82.98%,较CK-2分别提高48.06%和38.71%;同时其烤烟株高、有效叶片数和叶面积系数也较其他3种除草剂处理有不同程度的提高。因此,这5种土壤处理除草剂随滴灌水施用是可行的,既可以有效防止杂草生长,又可显著改善烟草经济和农艺性状,建议豫中烟区随滴灌水施用土壤处理除草剂时首选50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂和96%精异丙甲草胺乳油。 相似文献
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While uniform broadcast application (BC) of soil-applied herbicides is the norm, advances in geospatial technologies have enabled the deployment of site-specific herbicide application (SS). Since there are several, largely-untested decision rules for SS herbicide use, the objective of this work was to evaluate crop/weed outcomes and isoxaflutole use for a number of BC and SS strategies. Field experiments were established where isoxaflutole dose response functions were quantified from early-season Zea mays (L.), Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench., and Abutilon theophrasti Medic. response data at multiple plots (64 in 1999; 62 in 2000) throughout a variable field. These data were then used to infer crop and weed outcomes from simulated application strategies. While BC and SS strategies that relied on the product label were similar in terms of total herbicide use, extent of crop tolerance, and A. theophrasti efficacy, the SS strategy resulted in a significant redistribution of herbicide. Using biologically effective doses (ED) resulted in the highest efficacy and herbicide use was highly species-dependent. By using a historical weed map of the field to guide herbicide application, herbicide use could be reduced some 20–48% when following the product label where seedlings were present, or >90% when using the ED for A. theophrasti. In order to maximize the potential agronomic benefits of SS, biological and spatial information of both the weed and soil should be taken into account.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献