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1.
甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨实验种群的亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内研究了甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯亚致死剂量对二斑叶螨实验种群成螨和卵的影响。结果表明,甲氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,二斑叶螨的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均显著低于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后二斑叶螨的卵期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均低于对照,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9增至0.193 4～0.205 9,对种群有刺激增殖作用。螺螨酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,卵期、若螨期显著延期长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后卵期、幼螨期显著延长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照,螺螨酯两亚致死剂量处理成螨和卵后成螨期和寿命均缩短,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9降低至0.149 9～0.150 8,对种群有抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
于室内条件下研究了亚致死浓度阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨种群发育的影响。采用Potter喷雾法测得阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨成螨的亚致死浓度（LC10和LC30）,并通过生命表方法研究了阿维菌素LC10和LC30浓度处理荔枝叶螨对其生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明:用阿维菌素LC10和LC30浓度处理荔枝叶螨后,与对照相比,其F0代产卵量分别减少79.16%和71.83%,雌成螨寿命亦均明显缩短。F1代幼螨期、产卵前期与对照相比均无显著差异,但卵孵化期、前若螨期、后若螨期均显著延长,其中LC30浓度处理后分别延长41.4%、39.4%和36.1%;F1代产卵量降低、产卵期缩短,其子代雌性比提高;F1代内禀增长率均降低,分别为0.127 3和0.075 8,而对照为0.132 3;世代平均历期缩短,种群倍增时间延长;净生殖率和周限增长率均降低。表明亚致死浓度阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨种群增长有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
3.
阿维菌素是目前常用的杀虫杀螨剂。本研究利用生命表技术,室内评价了阿维菌素亚致死剂量对虚伪新小绥螨成螨生长发育及生殖的影响。通过阿维菌素亚致死剂量(LC30、LC20和LC10)处理虚伪新小绥螨成螨后,平均每雌产卵量分别为29.11、34.25、45.81粒;每雌日均产卵量分别为0.73、0.99、1.50粒,平均每雌产卵量LC20和LC30与对照(53.89粒)有显著差别,每雌日均产卵量3个处理与对照(2.43粒)均有显著差别,而对后代的雌雄性比影响没有显著差异。阿维菌素亚致死剂量对次代的发育历期影响主要表现为产卵前期的延长,产卵期和产卵后期缩短,但对整体平均寿命影响不显著。生殖生命表的结果显示,阿维菌素会降低虚伪新小绥螨的发育速率,其净增殖率(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)下降,而平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)增长。通过对次代存活率和种群生命期望指数的分析,结果表明,LC10和LC30处理的虚伪新小绥螨中有近40%个体的存活时间较对照有显著的延长,且LC10和LC30处理后虚伪新小绥螨的种群期望指数均显著高于对照。综上所述,阿维菌素对虚伪新小绥螨的生殖能力存在一定的负面影响,但对于虚伪新小绥螨的个体发育影响与对照相比影响不大。该结论为利用阿维菌素开发耐药性(抗药性)的虚伪新小绥螨提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
山楂叶螨抗药性及混配增效作用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
采用载玻片浸渍法测定了山西省忻州、晋中、运城地区山楂叶螨种群对9种杀螨剂的抗药性水平.测定结果表明:忻州地区种群对甲氰菊酯和三氯杀螨醇表现中抗,抗性指数FR分别为17.79和31.93倍,对水胺硫磷和毒死蜱表现低抗,FR值分别为7.74和5.35倍;晋中地区种群对水胺硫磷、甲氰菊酯和三氯杀螨醇均表现中抗,FR值为22.42～33.00倍,而运城地区种群对这3种药剂产生了高抗,FR值分别为135.05、41.53和1714.01倍;运城地区种群对毒死蜱表现中抗,FR值为34.49倍;晋中和运城地区种群对双甲脒表现低抗,FR值分别为5.15和6.89倍;3个种群对阿维菌素、苯丁锡、三唑锡和四螨嗪仍相对敏感.混配增效作用测定结果表明,阿维菌素与甲氰菊酯1:20、1:10、1:5组合以及阿维菌素与三氯杀螨醇1:20、1:10组合均具有明显增效作用,共毒系数为189.63～363.30,其中阿维菌素与甲氰菊酯1:20和1:10组合以及阿维菌素与三氯杀螨醇1:20组合是比较理想的混配组合. 相似文献
5.
柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性选育及交互抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内抗性品系选育,研究了柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性发展情况,并就其与柑橘园常用11种杀螨剂的交互抗性进行了分析。结果表明:在柑橘全爪螨19代中用甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素分别不连续汰选16次和11次后,柑橘全爪螨对两者的抗性分别为29.92和3.80倍;甲氰菊酯抗性品系(FeR)对哒螨灵、三氯杀螨醇和三唑锡产生了明显的交互抗性,阿维菌素抗性品系(AbR)对甲维盐产生了明显的交互抗性。试验结果可为柑橘全爪螨抗性治理提供参考。 相似文献
6.
朱砂叶螨对两种杀螨剂的抗性遗传力及风险评估 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
在室内抗性培育的基础上,应用数量遗传学中的域性状分析法研究了朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素两种杀螨剂的抗性现实遗传力,并对两种药剂在不同杀死率下,朱砂叶螨抗性发展的速率进行了预测。结果表明,用甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素分别连续汰选16、18代后,朱砂叶螨对两者的抗性分别为28.61和4.36倍,抗性现实遗传力分别为0.2685和0.1385。在室内选择条件下,杀死率为50％～90％时,要获得10倍抗性,甲氰菊酯需要约13～6代,阿维菌素需要约28～13代。生物源农药阿维菌素的抗性风险明显低于菊酯类药剂甲氰菊酯。试验结果为朱砂叶螨抗性治理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
采自甘肃兰州兴隆山公园的二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch),用雌雄单系培养敏感品系(S),用螺螨酯处理二斑叶螨种群培养抗性品系(SP R),用室内生测法对二斑叶螨S和SP R品系进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性发展初期较慢,中期稳定,后期较快,选育至26代抗性指数(RI)达58.83。SP R对甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯有一定的交互抗性,RI分别为11.54和10.03;对苯丁锡、四螨嗪、苦皮藤生物碱、阿维菌素、氯氟氰菊酯、哒螨•四螨嗪、哒•水胺硫磷、三唑锡、三氯杀螨醇、哒螨灵、氧化乐果无交互抗性(1＜RI<5.00);对浏阳霉素、毒死蜱、噻螨酮、柴油、哒螨灵、唑螨酯可能存在负交互抗性(RI<1)。 相似文献
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10.
山西省苹果园山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂抗药性监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确山西省苹果园山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher)对化学杀虫剂的抗性现状及发展趋势,本文采用玻片浸渍法建立了山楂叶螨相对敏感种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感基线,连续3年(2013-2015年)监测了采自山西省苹果主产区运城苹果园的山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂的抗性水平及变化动态。监测结果表明:田间监测种群对阿维菌素和三唑锡均处于敏感性下降及低水平抗性阶段,对哒螨灵和噻螨酮的抗性由低水平抗性升至中等水平抗性,对炔螨特处于低水平抗性。田间防治山楂叶螨时,哒螨灵与噻螨酮应淘汰不再使用,阿维菌素、三唑锡、炔螨特则应注意减少用药量及轮换用药,以延缓产生更高水平的抗药性。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献