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黄带犀猎蝽Sycanus croceovittatus可捕食多种害虫, 是农林业害虫生物防治的重要天敌昆虫?为评价黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor?果蝇Drosophila sp.?斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura和棉蚜Aphis gossypii 4种猎物作为规模化饲养黄带犀猎蝽的食物来源的效果, 在室内温度(25±1)℃, 相对湿度(60±5)%, 光周期L∥D=14 h∥10 h条件下, 测定了分别取食上述4种猎物的黄带犀猎蝽生长发育和繁殖的相关生物学参数?结果表明, 黄带犀猎蝽以这4种猎物为食均可完成1个世代, 且可以继续繁殖, 但猎物种类对其相关生物学参数有显著影响?取食斜纹夜蛾的黄带犀猎蝽成虫获得率(69.9±7.6)%, 若虫总历期(70.3±0.6) d, 产卵前期(21.5±0.5) d, 卵期(20.0±0.1) d, 单雌产卵量(213.4±22.7)粒, 卵孵化率(76.5±3.6)%?其若虫死亡率较低, 成虫获得率较高, 若虫发育历期最短, 各发育阶段的黄带犀猎蝽体重最重?与黄粉虫组相比, 其成虫产卵前期显著缩短, 卵孵化率显著提高, 但成虫寿命较短?说明斜纹夜蛾幼虫可作为室内扩繁黄带犀猎蝽的猎物? 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2021,(6)
通过室内试验,设置了低温0℃处理蠋蝽(Arma chinensis)成虫12 h后于25℃饲养、3龄若虫至成虫分别于18、25℃及35℃条件下饲养等试验,以研究温度对蠋蝽生物学特性的影响。结果表明:(1)成虫短暂低温(0℃,12 h)处理后,其子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期为27.6 d,略高于持续低温18℃处理后子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期(22.0 d),但35℃的高温处理则显著缩短了子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期(11.0 d)。(2)成虫经短暂低温后处理后,蠋蝽成虫的寿命显著延长,雌性寿命略短于雄性(雌性66.9 d,雄性69.7 d);高温(35℃)处理则显著缩短了子代成虫寿命,雄性寿命显著长于雌性(雌性22.7 d,雄性32.7 d)。(3)蠋蝽成虫经短暂低温(0℃,12 h)处理后,蠋蝽成虫的性比为雌性∶雄性=0.48∶0.52。(4)蠋蝽成虫在18℃(43粒)与35℃(32粒)温度饲养条件下的产卵量显著低于短暂低温(0℃,12 h)后成虫(约264粒)及25℃(约218粒)饲养条件下的成虫产卵量,但在几种温度处理条件下,卵的长或宽之间无显著差异。18℃低温及35℃高温处理均会显著降低卵孵化率,35℃高温条件下,蠋蝽卵的孵化率为0。 相似文献
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利用四季豆饲养盲蝽的方法 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
四季豆是多种盲蝽的寄主植物,该研究旨在发展一个利用四季豆豆荚规模化饲养多种盲蝽的技术.研究结果表明:绿盲蝽与中黑盲蝽的若虫最佳饲养密度约为100头/盒(2L),成虫为60～80头/盒.绿盲蝽成虫喜好在切头豆荚的两端伤口处产卵,而中黑盲蝽喜欢在完整豆荚的两端产卵.养虫盒内添加一些弯曲的纸条有助于提高若虫存活率和成虫产卵量.产卵后的豆荚需晾干后放置在25～28℃、相对湿度60%～70%、光照16:8(L:D)的环境下,以减少豆荚腐烂和提高卵的孵化率.利用这一方法饲养盲蝽的若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和卵孵化率分别达60%、40粒和80%. 相似文献
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黑肩绿盲蝽是稻飞虱的重要捕食性天敌,低温贮藏是成功开展黑肩绿盲蝽大规模生产释放的关键环节之一。本研究在低温16℃、13℃、10℃和7℃下分别提供清水、20%蜂蜜、20%蔗糖进行贮藏,以26℃下清水饲养作为对照,以明确黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的适宜低温贮藏条件。结果表明,在无补充营养状态下,低温贮藏黑肩绿盲蝽的寿命均显著长于对照。相同低温条件下,有补充营养的黑肩绿盲蝽成虫寿命、存活率和LT50均显著大于无补充营养条件。雌成虫在13℃和20%蜂蜜条件下、雄成虫在16℃和20%蜂蜜条件下存活率达80%以上的贮藏时间分别为14和12 d。以上结果表明,13℃或16℃、20%蜂蜜可作为黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的良好贮藏条件,可有效延长黑肩绿盲蝽贮藏期。 相似文献
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柽柳粗角萤叶甲交配和产卵行为的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对柽柳的重要食叶昆虫———柽柳粗角萤叶甲的交配和产卵行为及其相互关系、产卵方式与被寄生的相关性等生殖行为进行了研究。该叶甲行多次交配和多次产卵,一次完整的交配过程包括交配前、交配中和交配后3阶段,对各阶段内不同的行为特征进行了描述。雌虫交配后28h开始产卵;室内条件下卵为聚产,每卵块平均7粒,但野外则多为散产(占57.7%);产卵历期11.4d,每雌产卵141粒。成虫羽化后14d累计卵量为总卵量的50%,28d达80%以上。柽柳粗角萤叶甲雌虫交配1次仅产卵7.5±2.8粒,产卵持续1.9±0.8d;而多次交配雌虫的产卵量为141.0±88.1粒,产卵历期11.4±5.9d。柽柳粗角萤叶甲的交配活动在上午和下午各有一高峰,产卵活动在中午和晚上各有一高峰。柄翅卵小蜂对第2代卵的寄生率(23.6%)高于第3代(5.96%),柽柳粗角萤叶甲二代卵块大小与被寄生率呈明显负相关。 相似文献
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黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis（Reuter）是稻飞虱的重要捕食性天敌。研发黑肩绿盲蝽人工饲养技术对开展稻飞虱绿色可持续防控及其生物学基础研究具有重要作用。本研究采用水稻幼苗作为产卵寄主、以自然寄主褐飞虱作为猎物,从饲养器具、饲养流程及方法等方面建立了一套简便实用的黑肩绿盲蝽规模化饲养技术。利用该技术可连续饲养并提供龄期整齐的黑肩绿盲蝽成虫;经过6个月饲养,发现10 m2房间可日产黑肩绿盲蝽成虫1000～1600头。该饲养技术适合黑肩绿盲蝽的长期规模化饲养,同时也为其他捕食性天敌昆虫规模化饲养提供参考。 相似文献
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温度对四川省甘孜州西藏飞蝗分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温度是西藏飞蝗分布的主要限制性因子,作者通过试验测定了四川省甘孜州西藏飞蝗各种虫态的过冷却点、发育起点温度及有效积温。该虫初产卵的过冷却点为-24.4℃,孵化前为-20.7℃,是耐寒性最强的虫态,1～5龄蝻、雌、雄成虫过冷却点分别为-9.28、-8.51、-7.18、-6.64、-8.07、-7.86、-7.96℃。卵、1～5龄蝻、全世代的发育起点温度分别为14.17、15.84、16.64、16.80、16.35、15.00、14.61℃,有效积温分别为179.14、67.53、61.07、62.09、71.16、91.20、787.78日度,卵到蝗蝻的有效积温为540.2日度。统计气象资料表明,夏季高温不是西藏飞蝗限制因素,甘孜州石渠、色达、理塘的冬季低温影响西藏飞蝗的安全越冬,在甘孜州其他县可以越冬,并可发生1代。作者在乡城县观测圃饲养西藏飞蝗能成功越冬,年发生1代,其发育进度与有效积温分析一致。 相似文献
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Avi Eitam 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(5):405-412
Parasierola swirskiana Argaman (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a parasitoid of the mothBatrachedra amydraula Meyrick, a pest of unripe fruits of the date palm,Phoenix dactylifera L. The parasitoid is most commonly found in the field on second-generation host ,larvae. Its biological characteristics were
studied in the laboratory. Adult longevity averaged 34.9 and 20.5 days for females and males, respectively. Clutch size ranged
between 1 and 13 eggs per host, and was positively correlated with host weight. Females laid an average of 60.4 eggs on 11.6
hosts, with a maximum of 152 eggs on 29 hosts in 53 days. Parasitoids were observed standing motionless upon 52% of the paralyzed
hosts, and active brood defense was occasionally observed. Immature development is described. Total development time from
egg to adult averaged 13.6 days at 26 ± 2°C and 30-50% r.h. The potential for utilizingP. swirskiana for biological control ofB. amydraula is discussed. 相似文献
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Using new egg parasitoids (Trichogramma spp.) to improve integrated management against Tuta absoluta
H. Do Thi Khanh A. Chailleux M. Tiradon N. Desneux E. Colombel E. Tabone 《EPPO Bulletin》2012,42(2):249-254
This study is the first step of the TutaPI program (2011–13) to decrease the costs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies against Tuta absoluta in France by investigating new beneficial insects. Currently, the association of predator/egg parasitoid (Macrolophus pygmaeus and Trichogramma achaeae, respectively) in IPM strategies are quite effective, but expensive. Sixty‐four new potential strains from 19 Trichogramma species originating from different regions of the world (from the collection of Trichogramma at INRA Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA), France) were studied in this work. A screening study was performed on T. absoluta eggs on isolated tomato leaves (for 24 h at 25 ± 1°C, RH 75 ± 5% and 16 h light : 8 h dark). The proportion of parasitized T. absoluta eggs varied greatly (between 0 and 73%) depending on the different strains used. Levels of parasitism by females, equal to or higher than that of T. achaeae, were observed in 14 of the strains tested among eight species (four from France, four from elsewhere in Europe). The proportion of females that parasitized T. absoluta eggs was significantly different between strains (from 0 to 100%). Experimental results allowed about half of the 64 initial strains to be eliminated before the next steps: tests on a larger scale (mesocosm, and then in the greenhouse and field). 相似文献
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在室内条件下,研究了丁香干燥花蕾粉末对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的影响。结果表明:丁香对赤拟谷盗卵孵化有明显的抑制作用,对赤拟谷盗幼虫有致死作用并且全部致死时间随着赤拟谷盗幼虫龄期的增大而延长,龄期越小的幼虫其全部致死时间越短。 相似文献
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The present paper deals with developmental duration, emergence, longevity and fecundity ofAleurotuberculatus takabashi David & Subramaniam at different temperatures and humidity levels. The developmental time from egg to adult was 81.8, 56.9,
39.6, 29.9, 20.6 days at 15±1, 20±1, 25±1, 30±1, 35±1°C under constant relative humidity (RH) of 70±5%, respectively. At 25±1°C,
the total developmental time was slightly affected by humidity, ranging from 46.4 days at 40±5% RH to 39.2 days at 90±5% RH.
The developmental threshold and the thermal constant for the stage from egg to adult were 10.1°C and 542.8 day-degrees. It
was estimated that the whitefly has about 10 generations a year in Fuzhou region in southeastern China. Lowest mortality rates
of 12.4% for the egg, 6.8% for the nymph and 3.1% for the puparium were obtained at 15±1°C, while they were highest with 92.1%
for the egg, 48.2% for the nymph and 36.3% for the puparium at 35±1°C. The mortality rates were slightly affected by humidity,
ranging from 17.6% at 40±5% RH to 27.9% at 90±5% RH for the egg, 11.2% at 40±5% RH to 19.6% at 90±5% RH for the nymph, and
6.4% at 40±5% RH to 11.6% at 90±5% RH for the puparium. The emergence rate of adults decreased as temperature increased, ranging
from 89.1% at 15±1°C to 21.5% at 35±1°C, so did the longevity of adults, ranging from 9.6 days at 15±1°C to 2.9 days at 35±1°C.
The number of eggs per female was significantly affected by temperature (P.01), valuing 29.4 eggs per female at 15±1°C, 36.7
at 20±1°C, 52.4 at 25±1°C, 42.9 at 30±1°C, and 6.1 at 35±1°C. The optimal temperature for reproduction was about 25°C. 相似文献
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Abstract Beneficial arthropods were monitored in monthly plantings over 4 years in a rainfed, triple-maize cropping system in southern Mindanao, Philippines. Generalist predators and two egg parasitoids of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (ACB) did not show significant differences in abundance with respect to calendar month of planting over 39 crops. Two species of Trichogramma (T. evanescens Westwood and T. chilonis Ishii) collectively parasitized 67% of ACB egg masses and 58% eggs over the study becoming more abundant as the crop aged. The closeness of the two parasitism rates suggests that to increase parasitoid efficacy, particularly early in the crop, the best strategy would be augmentation and to increase longevity of wasps by providing carbohydrate sources to extend their searching time. Unparasitized egg masses tended to be smaller showing they were more likely to be overlooked. The ratio between the two parasitoids was 56:44 in favour of the former. Trichogramma evanescens had been introduced 2 years earlier by a government project, whereas T. chilonis probably was introduced by sugarcane estates. Prior to their introduction there were no ACB egg parasitoids in the Philippines and both are firmly established as annual parasitism levels did not continue to rise during the study. Parasitoid activity caused significant reductions in neonate ACB larval numbers beginning 7 weeks after crop emergence in an average crop. Egg parasitism rates were positively and linearly correlated with ACB egg mass density. A quadratic regression model was established between mean egg parasitism rates and egg masses size with peak parasitism rates occurring at 25 eggs per mass. Collectively 32 species of generalist predators averaged 0.9 – 1.5 individuals per plant based on weekly samplings. If ants were excluded, the average dropped to 0.1 – 0.3 per plant. Ants, dominated by Solenopsis geminata (F.), fed on ACB eggs and larvae. Coccinellids as the next most numerous were represented by three species where Micraspis crocea (Mulsant) in particular tracked ACB egg masses and probably the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) as well. Four species of orthropterans also tracked ACB egg masses. The third most abundant guild was 17 spiders with the oxyopid Oxyopes javanus Thorell and the araneid Araneus inustus (C.L. Koch) highly correlated with ACB egg mass densities. Other spiders targeted ACB moths and Atherigona oryzae Malloch adults. The predatory mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter probably targeted the corn leafhopper Cicadulina bimaculata (Evans) and possibly thrips Thrips palmi Karny and Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall). The lacewing Chrysopa sp. was abundant late in the crop when aphids were present on tassels. 相似文献
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The response of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of zucchini × scallop (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ‘Murcia MU-CU-16’ × C. pepo subsp. ovifera ‘Scallop UPV-196’) to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica was determined after completion of a nematode reproduction cycle in experiments carried out in a growth chamber. The nematode differentiated the C. pepo genotypes at the subspecies level due to lower egg mass production on subspecies pepo than ovifera, and thus subspecies pepo was a poorer host than ovifera. In addition, Murcia MU-CU-16 discriminated M. incognita from M. javanica in terms of egg masses (EM), eggs per gram of root and reproduction factor (Rf), whereas Scallop UPV-196 did so in eggs per gram of root and Rf. The RILs differed in gall formation and EM production depending on the nematode × line combination. Comparisons between nematode isolates resulted in four significant combinations for pathogenic potential (galls/initial population (Pi) × 100), seven for parasitic success (egg masses/Pi × 100), and nine for host efficiency (egg masses/galls per root system × 100) which included all the lines tested against both isolates. Lines that restricted nematode development by at least 90% were considered as having intermediate resistance to M. incognita based on the definition of the International Seed Federation. They included lines 28-1, 35A, 107A, 110-3 and 153-2. All the RILs were susceptible hosts for M. javanica. The information presented here will be helpful for nematode management and also for plant breeders working on pathogen resistance on C. pepo. 相似文献