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以京桃不同植株种子为材料,研究其出种率和种子重量差异,结果表明:各植株出种率均值为34.7%,变化范围在31.22%~38.46%之间,出种率高低排序依次为5号树3号树2号树1号树4号树。各植株种子重量值变化范围在2 585.0~4 852.5 g之间,平均值为3 650.9 g,最高为最低的1.9倍,种子重量大小排序依次为2号树5号树3号树1号树4号树;经方差分析和F检验,株间种子重量差异极显著(F0.01=2 659**),立地环境与气候条件基本一致,株间遗传性不同是差异产生的主要因素。 相似文献
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攀枝花市麻疯树果实大小和结籽率对果实组成的影响 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
本文研究了麻疯树果实及其组成的资源配置问题,分析了果实大小和结籽率对果实组成的影响.攀枝花市麻疯树果实平均重量为1.7 g,其中种子平均重量1.17 g,壳重量0.53 g,分别占34%和67%.单个果实平均种子数为2.47个,结籽率为82%,单粒种子重量为0.47 g.这些果实及其组成的参数存在明显的样地间差异,可能与土壤厚度有关.从统计学上考虑,麻疯树果实及其组分存在正态或偏态分布,变异程度可用整齐度来表示.麻疯树果实大小对其组分参数具有调控作用.回归表明,果实大小和壳重量之间符合多项式模型:y=0.0013x4+0.054x3-0.2769x2+0.5933x+0.048(R2=0.6671);果实大小和种子重量之间也符合多项式模型:y=0.0786x2-0.3723x+0.7175(R2=0.6225).结果表明,果实较小时较多资源投资在果壳上,而果实较大时较多资源投资在种子上,超过一定大小则对壳的投资较多.还表明,麻疯树果实组分的资源配置存在一个优化模式,约在2.5 g左右壳比例最低而种子比例最高.结籽率高的果实较大.而单粒种子重量较低,单个果实种子重量较大.不考虑其它因素.麻疯树果实大小和结籽率对果实组成的资源配置起到了调节作用. 相似文献
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以吉林省集安市分布的南蛇藤为材料,对其不同植株间的有关种实性状进行观测与分析,结果表明：株间果实、单枚果实包含的种子数和种子大小存在一定差异。株间种子千粒重变化范围在7.4～9.3 g之间,平均重量为8.6 g,差异极显著（P〈0.01）,主要由株间遗传差异所致,而且具有母本遗传性起主要作用的倾向。 相似文献
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以单瓣榆叶梅果实与种子为材料,观测种实有关性状,结果表明:果实形成初始阶段发育较快,花后第3 d幼果为绿豆粒大小,第7 d如黄豆粒大小。果实成熟时有3种果形,即近圆形果实、扁圆形果实和阔纺锤形果实,3种果实平均纵向径、横向经大小分别为1.7 cm与1.6 cm、1.7 cm与1.8 cm、2.1 cm与1.8 cm,阔纺锤形果实最大,3种果形脱出的种子纵向径、宽横向径、窄横向径分别为1.3 cm、1.0 cm、0.9 cm,1.3 cm、1.1 cm、1.0 cm,1.6 cm、1.2 cm、1.1 cm。外种皮均为黄褐色,形状均为阔扁纺锤形。3种果形种子千粒重均值变化范围在46~61 g,阔纺锤形果实种子千粒重为其他两种果实的1.30倍和0.32倍,差异显著。 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2021,(4):28-32
以40～43年生文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)8种果型品系的植株为试材,采用差异比较和方差分析方法,对试材的种实性状进行比较与分析,研究不同果型与种实性状的关系,以期为文冠果良种选育和新品种培育提供参考依据。结果表明:文冠果8种果型分别为桃形果型、小球果型、扁球果型、平顶长方果型、平顶正方果型、三棱果型、倒卵果型及长尖果型。以栽培常见果型(桃形果型)为对照(CK)。8种果型中,平顶正方果型鲜果和干果质量最高,分别为165.35 g和91.13 g。果型与果实质量关系主要表现为:平顶正方果型长尖果型CK倒卵果型平顶长方果型三棱果型扁球果型小球果型。长尖果型种子的质量和种仁质量最高,分别为2.08 g和1.57 g。果型与种子质量关系主要表现为:长尖果型平顶正方果型CK倒卵果型三棱果型平顶长方果型扁球果型小球果型。长尖果型的种果质量比率和千粒质量均高于CK,分别为53.37%和2 084 g。长尖果型在与CK的单位投影面积种子产量的方差比较中表现出差异显著(P0.05)的结果。 相似文献
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[目的]揭示浙江省柿种质资源果实表型性状及柿果地理分布特点,为柿果选育提供参考依据。[方法]通过对浙江省73份柿种质资源的23个果实性状测定,研究果实表型性状及性状间的相关关系,并利用主成分分析(PCA)及PCA得分图对果形进行分类,分析柿果地理分布特点。[结果]柿果表型性状差异较大,变异系数为10.05%～48.45%,果实质量、果实体积、果实纵截面面积、果实横截面面积、果实纵径、果实横径及果形指数均值分别为103.34 g、108.44 cm~3、26.58 cm~2、26.54 cm~2、5.91 cm、5.84 cm和1.03;单粒种子质量、单粒种子体积、种子长度、种子宽度、种子厚度、种子长宽比、种子个数、种子占果实体积比均值分别为0.90 g、0.97 cm~3、21.80 mm、11.43 mm、5.07 mm、1.94、4.30粒和4.24%;髓心质量、髓心体积、髓心高、髓心顶宽、髓心基宽、髓心高顶宽比、髓心高基宽比和髓心占果实体积比均值分别为2.11 g、2.62 cm~3、28.65 mm、6.32 mm、12.16 mm、4.80、2.50和2.67%。果实、种子及髓心大小相关系数为0.36～0.78,果形指数与种子长宽比、髓心高顶宽比及髓心高基宽比相关系数分别为0.86、0.90和0.88,表明果实各部分间的大小具有正相关关系,形状具有相似性。对16个原始性状指标进行主成分分析,前2个主成分(75.64%)可表示柿果表型性状的大小和形状指标。PCA得分图与表型性状各区间的重合率较高,可较好地表示果实表型性状的大小及形状指标,将柿果形状分为大果长形、小果长形、小果扁形和大果扁形四大类。杭嘉湖平原扁形果占66.67%,以大果扁平为主(41.67%),浙西丘陵地区以大果长形为主(41.67%),金衢盆地扁平果形占71.43%,浙南山地以小果长形为主(48%)。[结论]浙江省柿种质资源果实表型性状丰富,柿果各部分之间大小和形状具有相关性,长果形主要分布在山区,而扁果形分布地较为平坦。 相似文献
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以黑河种源山丁子为对照,对阿穆尔种源山丁子7个单株果实及幼苗生长情况进行对比分析的结果表明:8个单株果实均为扁球形,桔色或红色,果粒整齐或较整齐,果味酸、涩。8个单株果实种子变异较为丰富,阿穆尔种源7个单株均与对照存在显著差异,最大单果重、最大种子千粒重分别超过对照283.33%、151.11%;阿穆尔种源7个单株间平均单果重、种子千粒重差异显著,最大平均单果重超过最小平均单果重95.65%,最大种子千粒重超过最小种子千粒重75.12%。8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径存在较大的变异,阿穆尔种源苗高变异系数为34.95%～57.07%,地径变异系数为17.39%～33.18%,对照苗高变异系数44.73%、地径变异系数33.49%;8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径差异极显著,苗高生长最快的超过生长最慢的235.8%,地径生长最快的超过生长最慢的111.11%。 相似文献
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Changes in gas exchange with leaf age and fruit growth were determined in lychee trees (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) growing in subtropical Queensland (27 degrees S). Leaves expanded in a sigmoid pattern over 50 days during spring, with net CO2 assimilation (A) increasing from -4.1 +/- 0.9 to 8.3 +/- 0.5 micromol m-2 s-1 as the leaves changed from soft and red, to soft and light green, to hard and dark green. Over the same period, dark respiration (Rd) decreased from 5.0 +/- 0.8 to 2.0 +/- 0.1 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1. Net CO2 assimilation was above zero about 30 days after leaf emergence or when the leaves were half fully expanded. Chlorophyll concentrations increased from 0.7 +/- 0.2 mg g-1 in young red leaves to 10.3 +/- 0.7 mg g-1 in dark green leaves, along with stomatal conductance (gs, from 0.16 +/- 0.09 to 0.47 +/- 0.17 mol H2O m-2 s-1). Fruit growth was sigmoidal, with maximum values of fresh mass (29 g), dry mass (6 g) and fruit surface area (39 cm2) occurring 97 to 115 days after fruit set. Fruit CO2 exchange in the light (Rl) and dark (Rd) decreased from fruit set to fruit maturity, whether expressed on a surface area (10 to 3 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 and 20 to 3 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively) or on a dry mass basis (24 to 2 nmol CO2 g-1 s-1 and 33 to 2 nmol CO2 g-1 s-1, respectively). Photosynthesis never exceeded respiration, however, the difference between Rl and Rd was greatest in young green fruit (4 to 8 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1). About 90% of the carbon required for fruit growth was accounted for in the dry matter of the fruit, with the remainder required for respiration. Fruit photosynthesis contributed about 3% of the total carbon requirement of the fruit over the season. Fruit growth was mainly dependent on CO2 assimilation in recently expanded dark green leaves. 相似文献
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Net efflux of CO(2) from attached avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit was measured periodically from three weeks after anthesis to fruit maturity. Net CO(2) exchange was determined in daylight (light respiration, R(l)) at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) greater than 600 micromol m(-1) s(-1), and in the dark (dark respiration, R(d)). Dark respiration and R(l) were highest during the early cell division stage of fruit growth (about 25 and 22 nmol CO(2) g(dw) (-1) s(-1), respectively) and decreased gradually until fruit maturity to about 1 and 0.5 nmol CO(2) nmol CO(2) g(dw) (-1) s(-1), respectively. Fruit photosynthesis, calculated from the difference between R(d) and R(l), ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 nmol CO(2) g(dw) (-1) s(-1). Net rate of CO(2) assimilation on a fruit dry weight basis was highest during the early stages of fruit growth and reached the lowest rate at fruit maturity. Net rate of CO(2) assimilation of fruit exposed to light was 0.4 to 2.5% of that for fully expanded leaves. Although the relative amount of carbon assimilated by the fruit was small compared with the total amount of carbon assimilated by the leaves, the data indicate that avocado fruit contribute to their own carbon requirement by means of CO(2) assimilated in the light. 相似文献
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贵州西部高海拔地区是多个油茶物种的分布中心,为发展其油茶产业,对其特色油茶物种怒江山茶和西南红山茶的经济性状及其茶油的脂肪酸组成进行测定,结果表明：怒江山茶果型和种粒较小,平均果重5.0 g,籽千粒重640.9 g,籽含油率32.3％,冠幅产果量和产油量分别为455.8 g/m2和62.0 g/m2,综合经济性状良好;西南红山茶平均果重10.87 g,籽千粒重899.7 g,籽含油率27.7％,冠幅产果量和产油量为406.7 g/m2和37.3 g/m2,具有较好的经济性状。2种油茶的种仁含油率和不饱和酸分别为,怒江山茶54.0％和87.32％,西南红山茶49.3％和87.29％。本研究表明两种油茶物种可作为贵州西部高海拔地区发展油茶产业的首选树种,并有着广阔的前景。 相似文献
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Myrica esculenta, Buch-Ham. Ex. D.Don is a common under-canopy associate of chir pine and banj oak forests in the Kumaun and Garhwal Himalayas.
The species commonly known as Kaiphal is a small moderate sized evergreen dioecious tree. The species is well known for its
edible fruit and other by products and has emerged as a potential income generating species in the Kumaun and Garhwal region.
The regeneration of Myrica esculenta is poor in natural habitats mainly due to intense anthropogenic pressure on it. To synchronize artificial regeneration of
such species exact knowledge of maturity time is essential to avoid the collection of immature and non-viable seeds. Fruits
of Myrica esculenta were collected from nine sites varying from lower, mid and high range of species distribution (900–2,100 masl) for assessing
seed maturation indicators. Across all the sites the colour change from green to dark red/blackish red appears as one of the
indicator of maturity. In addition to the colour change seed maturity and maximum germination was found in seeds when the
weight of 100 fruits was between 41 and 60 g, fruit moisture content between 62 and 69% and seed moisture content between
30 and 32%. 相似文献