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1.
Changes in the chemical constituents of potato tubers grown under different concentrations of 3 synthetic organic nematicides (carbofuran, aldicarb and phorate) and a natural plant product (sawdust) were investigated. There were no significant differences in the specific gravity, dry matter and starch content of tubers from different treatments. A significant increase in the content of non-reducing and total sugars was observed in all the treatments. Nematicidal treatments had significant effects on reducing sugars, true protein, free amino acids, orthodihydroxy phenols, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid. Application of nematicides reduced the content of total phenolic compounds which is a desirable change from a processing viewpoint. Potatoes grown under different nematicidal treatments can be processed into chips and French fries as they contain permissible levels of reducing sugars required for these forms of processing.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of applying granular formulations of phorate, terbufos and carbofuran to grass at the time of sowing at a range of dose rates ‘in furrow’ (i.e. drilled with the seed down the coulter tube into the drill row) or broadcast was assessed at two sites in each of two years. The effects of carbosulfan and thiofanox were assessed at one site in one year. All of the chemicals except thiofanox enhanced yield in one or more experiments by a sufficient amount to be economically viable. Much of the yield benefit seemed to derive from the control of frit fly larvae. Earthworms are an important component of the grassland fauna and checks were made of the effects of the chemical on their numbers. Their populations were affected initially in some experiments by phorate, terbufos and carbofuran, but their numbers recovered subsequently. There was a trend for treatments made ‘in-furrow’ to make more economic use of the pesticides compared with broadcasting them.  相似文献   

3.
The study evaluates the effects of seed priming (5 g or ml kg−1 seed) and soil application (2 kg or l ha−1) of eight organophosphate pesticides on rice root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne graminicola. Seed priming (SP) or soil application (SA) of phorate, carbofuran and chlorpyriphos (1000 J2 of M. graminicola kg−1 soil) suppressed galling in the rice nursery by 92 and 99%, 80 and 88% and 76 and 80%, respectively, over control. Relatively similar decreases in the galling were recorded when this nursery was grown for four months in the sterilized soils in earthen pots. Rice cv. PS-5 grown in naturally infested soil in earthen pots (1000 J2 kg−1 soil) became stunted, showing chlorotic foliage, and terminal galls developed on the roots. The treatment of SP + SA 15 + 30 days after planting (DAP) with phorate, carbosulfan, and chlorpyriphos significantly suppressed the root-knot development and improved the plant growth of rice over the controls (P ≤ 0.05). The overall effect of the SP + SA 15 DAP treatments was marginally weaker than the SP + SA 15 + 30 DAP treatments but statistically on par. Under field conditions, the greatest decrease in the galling occurred due to SP + SA 15 + 30 DAP of phorate (69−71%) and SP + SA 15 DAP (65−67%) followed by carbosulfan and chlorpyriphos. The yield of rice plants was also highest with phorate (32−36% and 29−34%) over the control during the two years of the study. The soil population of M. graminicola decreased by 58–84% over four months due to the phorate treatments. The study demonstrates that seed priming with phorate effectively controls nematode infections in the nursery and that soil application at 15 DAP (2 kg ai ha−1) prevents root-knot development in an infested field under irrigated conditions. Use of SP + SA 15 DAP may enable to avoid one soil application of phorate in the field.  相似文献   

4.
The earthworm Eukerria saltensis can cause severe crop establishment problems in aerially sown rice grown on heavy clay soils in southern Australia. Damage occurs indirectly through destabilization of the topsoil, increased water turbidity, and mobilization of soil nutrients into the water column which leads to increased algal growth. We investigated the possibilities for chemical control of E. saltensis using laboratory bioassays and a series of field trials involving either the use of enclosures in flooded crops or soil incorporation of pesticides into rice fields during fallow periods or shortly before flooding. The four most toxic compounds in 7 day soil/water laboratory bioassays were carbofuran, acetamiprid, bendiocarb and lambda-cyhalothrin which provided corrected mortalities of 86–100% at 2 mg a.i. L−1. Other compounds that showed some level of efficacy (corrected mortality >20% at one or more rates) were imidacloprid, esfenvalerate, thiacloprid, niclosamide and alpha-cypermethrin. Twenty-six of the 38 pesticides evaluated failed to produce mean corrected mortalities >6% at application rates of up to 2 mg a.i. L−1. Eight trials were conducted in flooded rice crops using small stainless steel enclosures and carbofuran, thiodicarb, niclosamide and bendiocarb at rates of 1 and 2 kg a.i. ha−1. Trials were assessed 8–14 days after chemical application. None of these treatments produced a statistically significant decrease in Eukerria biomass, although consistent downward trends in response to higher treatment rates were evident in 2 trials (one with carbofuran and one with bendiocarb). Three trials with liquid pesticides watered into fallow rice fields were conducted with carbofuran (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 kg a.i. ha−1) and thiodicarb (0.94 and 1.87 kg a.i. ha−1) however only the 5.0 kg a.i. ha−1 carbofuran treatment provided significant (P < 0.05) levels of control. Preflood soil applications of liquid carbofuran, thiodicarb and niclosamide (2 kg a.i. ha−1), granular carbofuran and granular ethoprophos (0.5–2 kg a.i. ha−1) also did not provide statistically significant levels of control, although the 2 kg a.i. ha−1 liquid and granular carbofuran treatments did provide moderate levels of suppression (49–84%). Although further field trials with compounds such as acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin may prove valuable, our results suggest chemical control of E. saltensis may be difficult to achieve with environmentally acceptable pesticides applied at economically viable rates. Cultural approaches such as appropriate crop rotations and landforming to ensure uniformly shallow water should continue to form the basis of Eukerria management programs.  相似文献   

5.
The systemic insecticides, Dasanit®, carbofuran (Furadan®), phorate (Thimet®), aldicarb (Temik®) and disulfoton (Di-Syston®) were applied in the planting furrow at 2–3 lb actual/acre for potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)) control in Irish potato foliage. None of these compounds gave entirely satisfactory results. Dasanit was the best with slightly over 80% decrease in the number of mines and was followed closely by carbofuran; all treatments needed to be supplemented by foliage sprays for satisfactory tuberworm protection. Azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) gave consistently outstanding results as a foliage spray at 0.5 lb/acre with over 99% tuberworm reduction. Other foliar-applied insecticides giving at least 98% tuberworm control included: Monitor®, monocrotophos (Azodrin®), phosphamidon, Orthene®, Torak®, methomyl (Lannate®) and Dursban® (all at 0.5 lb/acre) and Phosvel® (1 lb/acre).  相似文献   

6.
Following the banning of DDT and dieldrin, and pending the withdrawal of other organochlorine insecticides in many countries, there is a need to find alternative treatments against termites for the establishment of Eucalyptus forestry plantations. Controlled-release granules (CRG) of carbosulfan, carbofuran and phorate were nearly as effective as chlordane emulsifiable concentrate (0·6 g a.i./tree) in reducing attack on Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden by Macrotermes natalensis Haviland. The optimum application rate of CRG formulations was 1·0 g a.i./tree mixed with the surrounding soil at planting out. Changes in granule size and release rate had no discernable effect on the efficacy of the granules, nor was there any advantage in incorporating part of the dose in the seedling planting medium. Chlorpyrifos CRG was significantly less effective in protecting the trees. There was evidence that under dry soil conditions phorate CRG was ineffective. Of 11 other non-controlled-release insecticides tested, alphamethrin suspension concentrate at 0·1 g a.i./tree was the only non-organochlorine material as effective as the CRG formulations.  相似文献   

7.
The formation of helical inclusion compounds of amylose with different typical flavour compounds was optimised. Maximal guest molecule contents between 5.7 and 10.4 wt% in the complex were obtained. This corresponds to segments of 8–16 anhydroglucose units in the amylose helix per included guest molecule. Contents of this order of magnitude approach the maximum content of guest molecules possible in the core of the amylose helix. A method for determining the association constants for complexing using headspace gas chromatography was applied. Constants ranging from K=29–1080 l/mol were obtained. The association constant with the same guest molecule is strongly dependent on the origin and the chain length of the amylose.Flavours with low boiling points such as hexanal (b.p. 128 °C) form complexes which are completely stable under freeze-drying conditions and show long-term stability. Flavour release was only observed at high temperatures (80 °C). On addition of water, guest molecules are quickly released but with water activities of aw=0.3—as found in normal dry food—the complexes are stable at room temperature.Complexes with two or more guest molecules show a remarkable influence on complexing ability induced by the co-inclusion compounds. The overall content of guest molecules is lower compared to that obtained with individual flavour compounds.  相似文献   

8.
The current spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) management strategy relies on routine application of insecticides during the fruit ripening and harvesting period. The amount and frequency of insecticide spray needed to maintain continuous protection of fruits may depend on a variety of factors including the level of rainfall. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of simulated rainfall (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mm) and adjuvant – Nu Film (with and without) on the residual efficacy of commonly used insecticides against D. suzukii in blueberries during the fruiting season of 2014 and 2015. Spray applications were made using an air-assisted backpack (2014) or airblast (2015) sprayer. Insecticide spray residues were allowed to dry for ∼2 h before simulated rainfalls were applied using central pivot irrigation system. Semi-field bioassays were conducted to assess mortality at 1, 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT). Results showed that simulated rainfall caused a significant reduction in D. suzukii mortality in all chemical treatments, particularly at 1 and 3 DAT in the 2014 study, and at 1 DAT in the 2015 study. In general, higher rainfall resulted in lower mortality in 2014, however such a clear trend was not observed in 2015. Addition of adjuvant, Nu Film 17, significantly increased mortality at 3 DAT in the zeta-cypermethrin treatment with 25 mm of simulated rainfall (2014). In 2015, the addition of Nu Film P significantly increased mortality at 1 DAT in the spinetoram and spinosad treatments with 12.5 mm, and in the malathion treatment with 25 mm of simulated rainfall. These results suggest that although frequent rainfall incidents increase the need for more frequent spray of insecticides, addition of adjuvants helps to prolong the residual efficacy of some insecticides.  相似文献   

9.
Tubers of Sebago, Pungo, and Wauseon cultivar potatoes were analyzed for total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content following treatment with systemic insecticide-nematicides in two experiments. The treatments were at plant applications of aldicarb, carbofuran, and phenamiphos, each applied at 3.4 kg ai/ha in-the-row; oxamyl, and ethoprop at 4.5 kg ai/ha in-the-row; and fensulfothion applied at 2.2 kg ai/ha in-the-row; and three 1.1 kg ai/ha overall foliar applications of oxamyl both alone and in combination with an at plant application of carbofuran at 4.5 kg ai/ha in-therow. None of the nematicide treatments significantly affected TGA content of potato tubers at harvest. Similarly, there were no significant differences in tuber TGA levels between the cultivars Pungo and Sebago in one experiment. In the other experiment Pungo and Wauseon tubers had significantly lower levels of TGA than Sebago. There were no cultivar X nematicide treatment interactions observed in either experiment.  相似文献   

10.
Experiments were conducted in 1969 and 1970 to determine the influence of chemical treatments of seed pieces and soil on the development ofVerticillium wilt as measured by tuber yield increases and reduction in severity of tuber defects. The influence of storage onVerticillium-induced tuber defects was evaluated. Seed treatment chemicals tested included zinc ion maneb, maneb, maneb-chloroneb, Polyram, benomyl, and thiabendazole. Soil treatment chemicals included O-Diethyl (O-methyl-sulfinyl) phenyl phosphoro-thioate, disulfoton, phorate, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethyl 4 (methyl- thio)-m-tolyl isopropyl phosphor amidate, benomyl, and thiabendazole. Inoculated seed pieces and artificially infested plot areas were used the first year while the second year natural inoculum from a previous crop was the source of infection. Kennebec and Katahdin cultivars were tested in 1969 and Kennebec alone in 1970. Verticillium-induced yield reductions and tuber defects were more severe in all respects with Kennebec than with Katahdin. With Katahdin the only significant evidence of infection was stem end discoloration. Seed treatments, with the exception of benomyl or thiabendazole, which were erratically phytotoxic, resulted in consistent yield increases and reduction in pink eye severity. In 1969 seed treatment reduced stem end browning in Kennebec. Soil treatment with disulfoton, carbofuran, and aldicarb, both alone and in combination with seed treatments resulted in consistent yield increases with Kennebec. The seed piece and soil treatment combinations tested in 1970 appeared to have an additive effect on yield increase from combination treatments equivalent to the gain from soil treatment alone plus seed treatment alone. The nematicide soil treatment materials did not influence yield. Tuber stem-end browning and pink eye defects in Kennebec did not increase in severity over a five month storage period.  相似文献   

11.
Field experiments were conducted at Tifton, Georgia from 2008 to 2014 to determine the effects of new peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars and in-furrow applications of phorate insecticide on severity of tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus. Several cultivars, including Florida-07, Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia Greener, and Tifguard, had final incidence of TSW that were less than that of Georgia Green. In-furrow applications of phorate insecticide reduced incidence of TSW in Georgia Green in three experiments in which that cultivar was included. In-furrow application of phorate insecticide reduced incidence of TSW in most cases where incidence in nontreated plots was 10% or higher. Cultivars Georganic, and Georgia-10T, had final incidence of TSW that was lower than that of Georgia-06G, or Florida-07 within nontreated plots across 2011–2012. Georgia-10T and Georgia-12Y had final incidence that was lower than that of Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia-09B and Georgia Greener across insecticide treatments in 2013. In-furrow application of phorate increased yields across cultivars in 2008–2009, and increased yield of Georgia-09B in 2010. In most other cases, phorate had no significant effect on yield. With higher levels of field resistance in most of these cultivars, especially those such as Georgia-12Y, benefits from use of phorate insecticide for TSW suppression were small, and typically did not result in yield increase. Based on these results, several of these cultivars should allow greater flexibility for insecticide choice for thrips management without increasing the risk of losses to TSW.  相似文献   

12.
In the present study the selenium and chromium content of different plant foods such as fruits, greens, flowers, vegetables, dried fruits, spices, condiments, cereals and pulses were analysed. The selenium values for cereals indehiscent vegetables, root vegetables, stem vegetables, pulses, fleshy vegetables, greens, fleshy fruits, condiment seeds, spices and dried fruits ranged between 24.2–32.16, 2.4–18.9, 2.8–21.5, 3.0–32, 48.7–92.5, 1.25–9.5, 3.0–8.2, 2.0–9.4, 6.2–66.2, 6.2–17.5 and 3.5–16.8 g/100 g respectively. The chromium values for the same ranged between 48.2–52.6, 31.0–45, 21.2–25.7, 23.7–62.8, 15.0–43.5, 20.4–65, 14.2–42.1, 14.25–46.7, 58.4–150 and 96–168 g/100 g respectively. Thus dried fruits have the highest chromium content and pulses the highest selenium content.  相似文献   

13.
探讨疏花疏果对罗汉果品质和效益的影响。试验分为每株50、70、90、110和130个果5个处理,分别测量各处理授粉后30 d的果实膨大情况、果实成熟期茎蔓直径大小、叶面积和叶绿素含量,以及成熟后各处理的大中果率、品质和收益情况。结果表明：（1）在罗汉果成熟期,各处理相互间茎蔓直径、叶面积和叶绿素含量差异均不显著;（2）130个果处理在授粉30 d果实大小和成熟期大中果率显著小于其它处理;（3）成熟期品质以50个果处理最好,收益以130个果处理相对较高。本研究认为从品质和收益两方面综合考虑,罗汉果每株结110个果相对品质好,收益高。  相似文献   

14.
The influence of five nematicides viz., DBCP, D-D, fensulfothion, carbofuran and aldicarb was investigated on the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Nematicidal treatment had considerable effect on the dry matter, acidity, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and lycopene content. In general, beta-carotene content decreased whereas acidity and ascorbic acid content increased. D-D and DBCP decreased the dry matter while all other treatments increased it. Lycopene content decreased with all nematicides except aldicarb.
Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von 5 verschiedenen Nematiziden, DBCP, D-D, Fensulfothion, Carbofuran and Aldicarb, wurde im Hinblick auf die chemische Zusammenzetzung von Tomatenfrüchten untersucht. Behandlung mit Nematiziden hatte eine beträchtliche Wirkung auf Trockensubstanz, Gesamtsäure, Ascorbinsäure, -Carotin und Lycopin. Im allgemeinen nahm der -Carotin-gehalt ab, während Säure- und Ascorbinsäuregehalt zunahmen. D-D und DBCP bewirkten eine Abnahme der Trockensubstanz, während alle anderen Behandlungen sie förderten. Der Lycopingehalt nahm bei allen Nematizid-Behandlungen ab, mit Ausnahme bei Aldicarb-Behandlung.
  相似文献   

15.
Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of systemic pesticides on the potato tuber total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content at harvest. In a field study, a pretuberization application of three systemic insecticides (disulfoton, aldicarb, carbofuran) and three systemic fungicides (thiabendazole, benomyl, thiophanate methyl) on three potato cultivars (Cobbler, Katahdin and B5141-6) showed carbofuran to be the only treatment significantly different (P= .05) from the control. The tuber TGA content of the carbofuran treatment was lower than that of the control. In a greenhouse study, carbofuran applied during tuberization to three potato varieties (Norland, Kennebec, Abnaki) produced a highly significant increase (P= .01) in the tuber TGA content. A significant varietal difference (P=.01) in response to the carbofuran treatment was also evidenced.  相似文献   

16.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an annual summer herb, and a member of the Labiatae family. Three selections, named Tzotzol, Iztac 1, and Tliltic, were planted at different elevations in three Inter-Andean valleys of Ecuador (Patate—2042 m, Guayllabamba—2200 m and Salinas—1621 m) to assess performance and seed quality. Length of growing period was influenced by location, with Tzotzol and Iztac 1 increasing with elevation. Iztac 1 had the highest seed yield at all three locations, with the difference between Iztac1 and Tzotzol being significant (P < 0.05). Similar protein contents were found among selections, within a site, except for Patate where Tliltic had a higher content. Seed at the Salinas site contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher α-linolenic and lower linoleic and oleic fatty acid contents than seed produced at the other two sites. In general seed yield, protein content, and fatty acid composition of the three selections were similar, and in some cases higher, than those reported for other ecosystems in which chia has been grown.  相似文献   

17.
菠萝(Anaaas comosus L.)是一种重要的热带水果.为了探讨2种外源的植物生长调节剂CPPU和GA对巴厘品种产量和品质的影响.对花后20d和35d的果实,分别喷施5、10、20、50 mg,L的N-(2-氯-4-呲啶基)-N'-苯基脲[N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea,CPPU]和赤霉素(GA_3),并以喷施清水作对照.结果表明,20mg/L的CPPU和50 mg/L的GA_3显著促进菠萝果实重量的增加,与对照相比单果重分别增加9.1%和14.9%;促进可溶性总糖的积累,但50mg/L GA_3处理更为显著,使可溶性总糖增加量达36.9%;并促进总酸含量的增加,使果实的pH值略有降低;而另一方面,可溶性同形物和Vc含量没有显著性差异.表明选用50mCL的GA_3处理菠萝果实,能显著提高果实的单果重量.但对果实品质基本没有影响.  相似文献   

18.
A report about some fruit- and vegetable juices is presented and the increasing consumption of citrus juices is discussed. In addition to citrus juices, those based upon black currants and tropical fruit are assuming increasing importance.The increase in consumption of vegetable juices, however, does not appear so straightforward. In Switzerland, such juices, prepared from reputedly unsprayed fruit and vegetables are generally popular and have secured steady outlets.The high physiological value of these nutritious fruit- and vegetable juices is due to the ease of digestion and a high content of basic minerals. They can be considered as ideal non-perishables offering valuable nutrients troughout the year from otherwise perishable fruit and vegetables.Regrettably one finds every so often adulteration in orange juices — as publications from Germany confirm — either in the form of dilutions with sugar syrups, artificial colouration or even as largely synthetic preparations. I know of the efforts of Public Analysts in Germany and Switzerland to identify such adulterations and to confiscate adulterated juices.One should note particularly that most fruit juices are now shipped across continents as concentrates to be reconstituted just prior to bottling.The consumer should, in my opinion, be educated to regard reconstituted fruit juices as equal if not superior in quality to the unconcentrated ones provided of course that concentration is done competently and only purest water is used in reconstitution.Fruit- and vegetable juices must be regarded as valuable food assuring best possible nutrition.
Résumé Nous parlerons de quelques jus de fruits et de légumes, et nous noterons la consommation croissante en Europe de jus d'agrumes. A côté des jus d'agrumes, les jus de cassis et de quelques autres fruits tropicaux gagnent en importance.Les jus de légumes semblent se rendre moins facilement. Toutefois, certains jus obtenus à partir de fruits et de légumes non traités aux pesticides ont trouvé en Suisse une clientèle assez vaste et leur écoulement sur le marché est régulier.La grande valeur alimentaire des jus de fruits et de légumes repose d'un côté sur leur facile absorption, et d'autre part sur leur teneur élevée en éléments minéraux essentiels. On peut les considérer comme des conserves permanentes idéales, que nous permettent de bénéficier pendant toute l'année des précieux constituants de ces fruits, qui ne se conservent que peu de temps.Malheureusement, dans le cas des jus d'oranges, apparaissent des fraudes — ainsi que le montrent les travaux allemands — tantôt les produits son dilués avec de l'eau sucrée, colorés avec des colorants étrangers — ou bien encore préparés d'une manière fort artificielle. — Il est connu que les services de répression des fraudes d'Allemagne et de Suisse s'efforcent de reconnaître des fraudes, et de confisquer la marchandise fraudée.Il faut noter particulièrement que la plupart des jus de fruits son aujourd'hui expédiés à travers des continents sous forme de concentrés, et ces concentrés sont dilués du moment de la mise en bouteille, de façon à retrouver les concentrations initiales.Le consommateur doit à mon avis être informé que cette dilution des jus de fruits concentrés aboutit à des produits tout à fait comparables aux produits initiaux non concentrés, quand ils ne leur sont pas supérieurs — toutefois seulement si la concentration a été pratiquée correctement, et si la dilution a été faite avec de l'eau très pure.Les jus de fruits et de légumes sont de précieux aliments, qui permettent une alimentation d'aussi bonne qualité que possible.

Vortrag, gehalten auf der gemeinsamen Tagung der Internationalen Vereinigung zur Erforschung der Qualität von Nahrungspflanzen (CIQ) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschung (Pflanzliche Nahrungsmittel) e.V. (DGQ) in Berlin am 6. Oktober 1972.  相似文献   

19.
《Crop Protection》1987,6(4):222-225
Several pesticides were evaluated singly and in combination or mixtures for their effectiveness against insects, nematodes, diseases and weeds in cowpea at Ibadan and Amakama in Nigeria. Of the granular insecticides/nematicides, carbofuran at 3·0 kg a.i./ha applied at planting reduced the population of thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) below control level up to 42 days after planting, but did not appear to translocate to the pods. Ethoprofos, isazophos and phorate were ineffective against thrips. Carbofuran also showed excellent control of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The herbicides metolachlor and fluorodifen generally kept the plots weed-free up to 35 days after planting but had no effect on the nematodes. The fungicide benomyl applied as a seed treatment was not effective against web blight (Corticium solani) and brown blotch (Colletotrichum truncatum) but, when applied as a wettable powder in combination with monocrotophos as a foliar spray, offered effective control of the diseases and the combination gave the best grain yield across locations. The possible use of carbofuran with a cowpea variety that is resistant to larvae of the pod-boring moth (Maruca testulalis) is discussed.  相似文献   

20.
Further chemical investigation of the fruits of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, afforded three new phenylethyl glycosides, marinoids J–L (1–3), and a new cinnamoyl glycoside, marinoid M (4). The structures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the data with those of related secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activity of the isolates was evaluated using the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA), and compounds 1–4 showed antioxidant activities, with EC50 values ranging from 23.0 ± 0.71 μM to 247.8 ± 2.47 μM.  相似文献   

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