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森林凋落物生产及分解研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林凋落物的归还量及分解对森林生态系统影响极大。森林凋落物归还量受自然因素和人为因素共同影响,自然因素主要包括环境因子和林分因子。影响森林凋落物分解的因素主要分为内在因素和外在因素,内在因素指凋落物的理化性质,如凋落物的C/N比、木质素/N比和C/P比等重要的分解指标,而外部因素中的温度和湿度是影响凋落物分解主要的气候因子,土壤动物及微生物物也是影响凋落物分解的关键因子,人类活动及人为导致的CO2浓度升高、N沉降等全球气候变化也直接或间接的影响凋落物的分解速率。 相似文献
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森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
凋落物的分解是生态系统养分循环的重要过程.森林凋落物和土壤中的酶在森林凋落物分解过程中起着重要的作用.本文对森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性的测定方法及影响因素进行了综述,结论为:提取技术的不断提高使得对森林凋落物分解过程中的酶进行定量测定及精确测定其活性成为可能;森林凋落物分解过程中的酶活性受生物因素、非生物因素及凋落物自身化学组成的影响;微生物群落是影响酶活性的主要生物因素,土壤有机质、温度和湿度等是影响酶活性的重要非生物因素;对凋落物分解与酶系统相互作用机制的研究将成为凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究的一个发展趋势. 相似文献
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为研究森林生态系统小尺度空间差异对栎林凋落量、碳循环及探讨养归还过程的影响,以仙人洞和草河口栎林凋落物空间分布现象、凋落物量、含水量等为对象,对辽东天然次生栎林凋落量原始数据进行主成分分析,结果表明:1)凋落物含水量的主要因子不一致,影响草河口栎林凋落物含水量的主要因子是树种数.2)主成分的累积方差贡献率说明树高最能代... 相似文献
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以湖南省湘西地区马尾松人工林为研究对象,对其2014—2017年森林生物量、森林枯落物凋落量与现存量等进行调查,并对森林枯落物凋落量与森林生物量二者之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明：森林枯落物凋落量与森林乔木地上原有生物量及增加量之间存在着显著相关关系,通过森林乔木地上原有生物量WU0及增加量WU△、林分密度N等林分因子来估算森林枯落物凋落量KW具有很好的效果,其线性回归模型为KW=0.003N+0.026WU0+0.159WU△+0.101,相关系数R=0.923。同时,可根据森林枯落物凋落量和现存量计算森林枯落物的分解速率,进而建立森林枯落物的动态变化预测模型及消长系数模型,对森林枯落物的动态变化过程及消长规律进行分析与预测。通过林分因子来估算森林枯落物凋落量和现存量,对于及时掌握森林枯落物的状态,进而对与之相关的物质循环、能量流动和生态服务功能进行分析与评价具有重要... 相似文献
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为进一步了解森林凋落物的阴燃特性,为科学地防控森林火灾提供理论依据,用自行设计的燃烧试验床对云南油杉Keteleeria evelyniana、藏柏Cupressus torulosa、黑荆Acacia mearnsii这3种年凋落物积累量大的树木的凋落物进行了阴燃试验,对阴燃过程中的温度变化数据进行了实时采集.通过分析凋落物的物理性质、可燃物床特性及阴燃过程中的温度变化数据,研究了3种凋落物阴燃的引燃特性、持火力和蔓延特性.结果表明:3种凋落物的阴燃特性差别较大,但都具有难以引燃、蔓延速度较慢、高温维持时间较长的特点,朽木具有保存火种作用.根据凋落物的阴燃特性提出了相应的森林消防措施. 相似文献
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森林生态系统中凋落物的分解、积累与归还的模型计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在森林生态系统生物量增长遵循Mitscherlich 模型的结果这一假定下,推导的模型对森林生态系统凋落物的年凋落量、年分解量及累积量进行了推算,并得到了很好的验证。该模型给出了林地凋落物贮量—年凋落量—年分解率三者是森林凋落物动态、养分循环的三要素的生物学意义,它们组成一个紧密联系的动态系统,若已知其中的任何二者,都可以推算出第三者。同时提出了用林地死根总量以及根系的分解速率来推算森林生态系统根系的年死量,为计算森林生态系统根系的生产力提供可靠方法。 相似文献
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森林凋落物分解研究进展 总被引：70，自引：4，他引：70
系统评述森林凋落物的分解过程、凋落物分解及养分释放的影响因素、分解研究的方法等.森林凋落物的分解既有物理过程,又有生物化学过程,一般由淋溶、自然粉碎、代谢作用等共同完成.凋落物分解过程先后出现分解速率较快和较慢2个阶段,元素迁移一般呈现淋溶-富集-释放的模式.凋落物分解主要受气候、凋落物性质、微生物和土壤动物的影响,气候是最基本的影响因素,常用实际蒸散(actual evapotranspiration简称AET)作为指标.凋落物分解速率呈明显的气候地带性,与温度、湿度等紧密相关.从全球尺度来讲,凋落物质量对分解速率的影响处于次要地位,但在同一气候带内因AET变化较小,则起了主导作用.N、P和木质素浓度、C/N、C/P、木质素与养分比值是常见的凋落物质量指标,其中C/N和木质素/N最能反映凋落物分解速率.凋落物化学性质对其分解的影响作用又与分解阶段有关.凋落叶中N、P、K初始浓度高使得初期分解较快,而后期分解放慢.土壤理化性质及微生物区系也将不同程度地影响凋落物分解.尼龙网袋法(litter bag method)操作简单,是野外测定森林凋落物分解速率最常用的方法.除此之外,缩微试验也得到了广泛应用.目前普遍采用的衡量凋落物分解速率大小的指标主要有CO2释放速率、凋落物分解系数(k值)及质量损失率.在此基础上提出了指数衰减、线性回归等模型来模拟凋落物分解过程.尽管对凋落物分解在森林生态系统C、N、P循环、土壤肥力维持等方面已进行了较深入的研究,但未来研究应侧重以下方向:长期的定位观测;采用相对统一的研究方法,获得可比性强的数据进行综合;深化凋落物分解机理研究;探讨全球气候变化对森林凋落物分解的影响;评价营林措施(如林分皆伐、造林、施石灰和肥料等)对凋落物分解与养分释放的调节作用. 相似文献
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凋落物是森林生态系统中养分归还的主要形式,其分解决定着土壤有机物质的存储与周转。随着全球变暖日趋明显,气候变暖对森林凋落物的影响引起了人们的极大关注,取得了较多研究成果,但部分研究结果仍存在争议,研究亟待加强。文中分别从凋落物产量、结构和组成、分解速率等方面综述全球变暖对森林凋落物影响的研究进展,比较了全球变暖不同模拟研究方法的优缺点,提出统一研究方法、加强长期动态观测、强化森林凋落物对环境变化的适应机制研究等建议,以期为全面精准评估全球变暖对森林凋落物的影响提供科学参考。 相似文献
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Litterfall and litter chemistry change over time in an old-growth temperate forest, northeastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Ji Young An Si Ho Han Woo Bin Youn Sang Ick Lee Afroja Rahman Huong Thi Thuy Dao Jeong Min Seo Aung Aung Hyung-Soon Choi Hwa Ja Hyun Byung Bae Park 《林业研究》2020,31(3):945-952
Litterfall, which is influenced by physical and biological factors, is a major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate monthly litterfall production in three forests in Jeju Island differentiated by forest composition and precipitation: Cheongsu(Quercus glauca as the dominant species;low precipitation), Seonheulb(Q. glauca as the dominant species;high precipitation), and Seonheulm(Q. glauca and Pinus thunbergii as the dominant species;high precipitation). Litterfall was collected monthly from April to December 2015 and divided into leaf litter, twig, bark, seeds, and unidentified materials.Seasonal patterns of litterfall production varied across stands according to their species composition. However,the amount of leaf litterfall and total litterfall were comparable among stands, ranging from 362 to 375 g m-2 for leaf litter and 524 g m-2 to 580 g m-2 for total litterfall.Oak leaf litter in May was the highest in all stands, while needle litter was the highest in December in Seonheulm.High twig litterfall in July may be attributable to high rainfall with strong winds and storms during the rainy season. Although forest type and climate factor had no influence on litterfall amounts in this study, the pattern of litterfall production was species dependent, suggesting diverse effects on carbon and nutrient cycling in these forests. 相似文献
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本文旨在对内蒙古西部乌兰布和沙区周边绿洲农区防护林体系的气候生态效益进行评价,并分析三北防护林工程建设之前,三北防护林工程一期工程和二期工程3个时期的变化趋势,建立防护林体系变化与气候变化的关系模型。研究结果表明：（1）防护林体系的变化对气候因子风速,大风日数,扬沙日数,沙尘暴日数有一定的影响,体现了防护林体系的生态屏蔽作用;（2）防护林体系的变化对年平均温度,湿度,降水量,持续干旱日数和霜期等因子影响不明显,这是因为这些因子的变化主要受大气环流控制所致。 相似文献
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Patterns of litterfall and nutrient return at different altitudes in evergreen hardwood forests of Central Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Background
This study was designed to evaluate the internal nutrient cycling of litterfall in different elevation subtropical forests of Central Taiwan.Methods
The litterfall of evergreen hardwoods at three elevations, specifically Mt. Peitungyen (2,078?m), Hui-Sun experimental forest (HSEF) (1,066?m), and Lienhauchi (782?m) in central Taiwan, was collected monthly using traps and sorted into leaves, twigs, reproductive litter, and miscellaneous material. In addition, the litter on the forest floor was collected trimonthly. All the samples were weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations and fluxes from March 2009 to February 2010.Results
The annual litterfall productions were 6.58, 8.24, and 9.17?Mg?ha?1?year?1 at Mt. Peitungyen, HSEF, and Lienhauchi, respectively. At more than 60?%, leaves were the main component of the total litterfall. There was smallest decomposition constant (0.487) at Mt. Peitungyen. The nutrient fluxes increased as elevation decreased. The litterfall correlated positively with rainfall at Lienhauchi, with temperature at HSEF, and with temperature and rainfall at Mt. Peitungyen.Conclusion
The annual litterfall decreased with an increase in elevation. The turnover rate was faster at HSEF than at Mt. Peitungyen. Thus, the forest managers should pay more attention to understand and monitor plant community responses to global warming and nutrient loss. 相似文献15.
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Panagiotis Michopoulos Kostas Kaoukis George Karetsos Theodoros Grigoratos Constantini Samara 《林业研究》2020,31(1):291-301
The fluxes of masses and the nutrients Ca,Mg,K,N,P and S were determined in the litterfall of two adjacent forest ecosystems of Hungarian oak(Quercus frainetto L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in a mountainous area of northeastern Greece in 2010–2015.The foliar litterfall for both species reached about 70%of the total litterfall,and was significantly higher from the other two fractions(woody and rest litterfall).The fluxes of masses and nutrients were compared between ecosystems for each fraction separately.Only one significant statistical difference was found,that of K in the woody litterfall.In addition,the stocks of masses and nutrients were calculated in the forest floors and mineral soils of the two ecosystems.Likewise,the stocks of nutrients in the forest floors and mineral soils were compared between ecosystems.In the L horizon of the forest floors,statistical differences,as a result of species effect,were found for the stocks of Ca and N.In the FH horizons,the masses and all the nutrient stocks differed significantly,as the beech plot had much higher quantities of organic matter and nutrients.These higher quantities were probably due to low soil temperatures(microclimate)and high acidity in the beech plot(species effect)that slowed down decomposition.In the mineral soils,the propagation of random error derived from random errors of the individual soil layers was an important factor in the statistical comparisons.Because of the soil acidity in the beech plot,the stocks of exchangeable base cations were significantly higher in the oak plot,whereas the other nutrient stocks did not differ. 相似文献
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Julio Campo Juan F. Gallardo Guillermina Hernández 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):121-129
We compared the N and P contents of the main labile components of nutrient cycles in three different forest ecosystems [a tropical evergreen forest (TEF); a tropical dry forest (TDF); and a Mediterranean temperate forest (MTF)] with low P supply. A mass-balance approach was used to estimate mean residence times for organic matter, N and P in the forest floor, and to examine the flexibility of N and P intra-system cycling in the three forest ecosystems. For this purpose, we combined published values of N and P in foliage, litterfall, forest floor litter and mineral soils in these three forest ecosystems. The results of our analysis were consistent with the widely held belief that the N content of leaves (both green and senescent) and litter increases with increasing temperatures. In contrast, the data did not support the hypothesis that leaf P content decreases with increasing temperatures and precipitation: leaf and litterfall P contents were higher in both tropical forests than they were in the temperate forest. The TEF had the highest P content of the three forests studied. The mass-balance analysis indicated that although P mineralization in the TDF can run ahead of litter decomposition stoichiometry when P is in short supply, flexibility is much reduced or absent in the TEF and the MTF. Our analysis provides additional evidence of the importance of climatic factors in forest ecosystem processes and highlights the role of flexibility in ecosystem nutrient cycling, especially for P in ecosystems with a limited P supply. 相似文献
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对萧氏松茎象不同危害程度湿地松林地的枯落物及土壤物理性质比较研究结果表明:枯落物及腐殖质层厚度对萧氏松茎象危害程度的影响最大,其次是枯枝落叶干质量和土壤含水量,枯枝落叶含水率和吸水率影响最小,即枯落物及腐殖质层越厚,枯枝落叶越多,土壤湿度越大的林区,萧氏松茎象发生越重。单因素分析表明:枯落物及腐殖质层厚度、枯枝落叶干质量和土壤质量湿度与有虫株率的相关关系均达到显著水平。萧氏松茎象有虫株率火炬松和马尾松林发生林地明显低于湿地松发生林地。与不发生林地相比,发生林地的土壤更湿润,土壤的保水能力更好,孔隙度更高,石砾含量相对较低。 相似文献
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Fine litterfall and nutrient dynamics during forest regrowth in the humid subtropics of north-eastern India 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A. Arunachalam Kusum Arunachalam H. N. Pandey R. S. Tripathi 《Forest Ecology and Management》1998,110(1-3):209-219
Fine litterfall and nutrient return patterns were studied in three subtropical humid forest stands (7-, 13- and 16-year old), regrowing after selective tree cutting in north-eastern India. The seasonality of fine litterfall was unimodal, with a peak during spring and a trough during rainy season in the forest regrowths of three different ages. The rate of fine litterfall increased with increasing basal area of the woody vegetation during forest regrowth. Leaf litter accounted for 83% of the total litterfall. N concentration was maximum during autumn and minimum during rainy season; nutrient concentrations were highest in the leaf litter. Seasonal variation in P concentration was small. Maximum and minimum input of N and P to the forest floor through fine litter coincided with the respective periods of litter production. 相似文献
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通过对杉木、观光木混交林及杉木纯林群落凋落物的能量年归还量及能流的季节变化进行研究 ,结果表明 ,混交林凋落物的能流量达 12 .6 4 8× 10 6J·m-2 ,比纯林的高 4 .2 % ;在各目的树种凋落物组成中 ,落叶能流量均占大部分 ;混交林和纯林群落太阳能进入凋落物的转化效率分别为 0 5 6 %和0 5 4 % .混交林和纯林中杉木凋落物能流一年中分别在 3,8和 12月出现 3个高峰 ,其中落叶、落枝、落花和落果能流的月变化与之相似 ,这与杉木的小枝整体凋落方式有关 ;混交林中观光木凋落物能流在1,5和 8月出现高峰 ,其中落叶和落枝能流月变化与之相似 ,但落花能流仅出现在 3～ 5月 ,而落果仅发生在 1月和 3月 .各群落凋落物能流月变化模式与其中杉木凋落物能流变化模式基本一致 .混交林和纯林凋落物能流的季节变化为春季 >冬季 >夏季 >秋季 ,但混交林凋落物能流量季节间变动小于纯林的 . 相似文献