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不同播插方式对杂交水稻制种母本群体特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂交水稻》2019,(4):18-24
为探索杂交水稻制种母本适宜的轻简播插方式,采用开沟起垄精量穴直播、人工撒直播和机械移栽,研究了其对3个制种组合母本秧苗素质、苗数动态、群体穗粒构成、抽穗动态、异交结实率、产量及抗倒伏特性的影响。结果表明,起垄精量穴直播的秧苗素质地上部分如苗高、苗基宽和苗鲜重等优于机械移栽秧苗,而地下部如白根数、根鲜重和根系活力等,以机械移栽秧苗优于起垄精量穴直播,起垄精量穴直播优于人工撒直播。起垄精量穴直播处理的分蘖盛期较机械移栽和人工撒直播处理延长3～5 d,且群体分蘖数最多;播始历期较机械移栽短5 d,较人工撒直播长0～1 d;群体抽穗历期与机械移栽无差异,比人工撒直播长1～2 d;主茎叶片数较机械移栽多0.25～0.97叶。起垄精量穴直播能显著提高单位面积有效穗数和单位面积颖花数,具有较高的产量潜力,抗倒伏能力优于机械移栽和人工撒直播。说明同步开沟起垄精量穴直播适用于杂交水稻机械化制种。 相似文献
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为加速机械化在杂交水稻生产制种中的应用,引进了杂交水稻制种母本专用插秧机。以传统母本人工移栽为对照,分别进行了机插秧株行距为16cm×17．5cm和20cm×17．5cm的栽插试验。结果表明,在生育期方面,机插秧母本的播始历期较手工移栽长3d;在产量方面,株距为20cm条件下的理论产量比株距为16cm的产量高0．34t／hm2,并且机插秧母本两种栽插规格下的田块产量均比手工移栽母本田块的产量高。这不仅说明了株行距在机插秧母本中占有重要作用,又表明此次机插秧试验取得了初步的成功。 相似文献
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杂交稻制种母本撒直播的花遇规律及成因研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
近年发现，杂交稻春、夏季制种母本撒直播比移栽的异交结实率高５％左右。经试验观察，父、母本日开花相遇机率提高３．５％，时开花相遇机率提高６．５％。前者由两亲本成穗结构相似所致，后者与母本撒直播的群体密度大、有效穗多、调节田间小气候使母本开花提早有关。 相似文献
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杂交水稻制种母本机械化插秧试验初报 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以杂交稻组合Ⅱ优673的亲本Ⅱ-32A和福恢673为材料,以久保田6行步行式插秧机为插秧机械,设置每公顷用种量15.0,22.5和30.0 kg 3个处理,以人工移栽母本每公顷用种量22.5 kg为对照,研究杂交稻制种母本机械化插秧的效果和产量表现。结果表明,久保田行走式插秧机可以实现有序插秧,能满足杂交稻制种母本机械化插秧的要求;机插母本分蘖速率加快,单丛最高苗数和有效穗数增加,但成穗率降低;机插对母本生育期影响较小,但抽穗比手插集中;每公顷用种量22.5和30.0 kg机插处理每平方米穗粒数与手插对照相当,但结实率增加,产量增加;母本机插在育秧和插秧2个方面合计比手插节约成本863.75~1 027.85元/hm2。母本机插可实现杂交稻制种高效、高产、稳产的目标。 相似文献
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为探讨湘陵628S制种高产的群体结构,通过设置母本不同栽插株数处理,研究了母本栽插株数对群体分蘖动态、抽穗开花动态以及产量结构的影响.结果表明,每穴栽插2、3、4株处理的最高苗数、抽穗期、开花期均较每穴栽插1株者提前1～2d,并且其群体抽穗历期缩短,开花更为集中,有利于制种产量提高;随着每穴栽插株数的增加,母本穗长、总粒数、实粒数均逐渐减少,单位面积有效穗数则逐渐增加,但每穴栽插2株、3株的处理单位面积颖花数多于每穴栽插1株和4株的处理,使前者产量高于后者.因此,在采用湘陵628S进行杂交制种时,母本栽插株数以每穴栽2株或3株最有利制种群体的集中授粉和高产. 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。 相似文献