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杉木光皮桦混交林效益的调查研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对桂西北杉木光皮桦混交林和杉木纯林的对比研究表明,３５年生杉桦混交林的立木蓄积量为４４１．０８７ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２,比杉木纯林高３．６％。混交林枯枝地层现存量及其Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ五种元素的积累量分别为１３．１８ｔ／ｈｍ＾２和２９９．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,分别比杉木纯林高９．７％和６９．９％。８混交林地（０～１００ｃｍ）土壤容重为０．８１～１．２２ｇ／ｃｍ＾３,比杉木纯林低１．０％～８．０％,而土壤孔隙度,通气度和持水量分别比杉木纯林高２．０％～３．９％。土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别比杉木纯高５．５％～４９．８％。 相似文献
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从林木生长及其与生态环境之间相互关系入手,对杉木光皮桦混交林与杉木、光皮桦纯林进行调查研究。结果表明:二者混交改善了林内的小气候条件和土壤的理化性状,对林木生长的促进作用明显,有利于地力的维持和形成稳定的人工林群落。营造杉木光皮桦混交林是杉木纯林皆伐迹地更新,防治地力衰退的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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杉木混交林营造试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过将杉木分别与檫树等10个树种混交试验,结论明显。檫树、木荷、香樟、光皮桦、马褂木、拟赤杨及马昆松适合与杉木混交;深山含笑混交后生长不良,桤木和银鹊树则全部死亡。从林分生长量看,杉木木荷混交林大于杉木纯林;杉木檫树、杉木香樟及杉木光皮桦混交林大于或相当于杉木纯林;杉木马褂木及杉木拟赤杨混交林生长量略小于杉木纯林。试验证明,混交林对改良土壤、恢复地力及改善林分生态环境有良好的效果,并有明显的抗性效益和社会效益。混交方式以梅花状和网格状为好,混交比例以1:5～1:6为宜。 相似文献
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对杉木光皮桦混交林、纯林生长效果进行了调查,杉木光皮桦混林木经过10年的经营管理,现林木生长效果良好。结果显示：其林木生长不同,杉木光皮桦混交林的林分生长量比杉木、光皮桦纯林的林分生长量生长较好,混交林的平均树高,比纯林的平均树高分别大14．32％、6．5％,平均胸径分别粗19．42％、11．85％,单株材积平均分别大57．14％、29．47％,蓄积量平均分别多55．34％、27．61％。土壤肥力均有提高,N、P、K分别增大2．73％、1_80％,8．OO％、3．85％,5．07％、3．57％。 相似文献
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杉木拟赤杨混交林土壤肥力研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
杉木是我国南方重要的速生用材树种，但长期的连栽会引起地力衰退。通过对杉木拟赤杨混交林土壤的物理性质和化学性质等进行研究，认为混交林土壤结构状况，水分物理性质均比杉木纯林得到较大程度的改善，同时０－２０ｃｍ土层有机质，全Ｎ，全Ｐ比杉木纯林增加１２．４３％，１４．２９％和７．３２％；水解Ｎ，速产Ｐ，速效Ｋ分别增加１５．４９％，７．８９％和６．７８％，混交林土壤肥力状况明显优于杉木纯林。 相似文献
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不同造林密度和混交树种对光皮桦幼林生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对光皮桦不同造林密度、不同混交树种的试验研究,结果表明:光皮桦不同造林密度林分的生长有较大差异,其胸径、冠幅由大到小依次为:1 100株.hm-2、800株.hm-2、1 600株.hm-2、2 500株.hm-2,树高以1 100株.hm-2的林分最大,其余比较相近。光皮桦与不同树种混交生长有较大差异,各生长指标以杉木×光皮桦混交林最好,其余依次为:福建柏×光皮桦、木荷×光皮桦、马尾松×光皮桦;光皮桦纯林生长指标与福建柏光皮桦混交林比较接近。杉木×光皮桦和福建柏×光皮桦是较好的混交组合。 相似文献
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杉木乳源木莲混交对地力影响的初步研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
对１０年生乳源木莲与杉木的混交林及杉木纯林的林地枯枝落叶量及分解速率、土壤理化性质等进行调查分析。结果表明：混交林结构林地物理性质优于杉木纯林，土壤水稳性团聚体组成多，土壤疏松多孔；土壤有机质、全Ｎ、全Ｐ分别比杉木纯林提高１２．２％、１１．８％和４．５％，土壤速效养分（Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ）亦分别提高２９．６％、１０．５％、１０．１％，该混交对地力改良有积极作用。 相似文献
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杉木萌条光皮桦混交造林技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在杉木低产林改造时,采用了炼山和清杂整地方式。并进行了杉木萌条更新、营造光皮桦纯林及杉木萌条光皮桦混交林对比试验。其结果表明:杉木萌条光皮桦混交林的地径年平均生长量比光皮桦纯林高14%、比杉木萌条纯林高26%、树高年平均生长量分别比纯林高12%和28%。清杂整地优于炼山。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献