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1.
Irrigation water is a limited resource, and therefore irrigation practices must be rationalized for high water-use efficiency. Little is known about the influence of stored water in deep soils on the water needs and the post-sowing irrigation requirements of crops. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combinations of light and heavy pre-sowing irrigations with two post-sowing irrigation regimes on yield, root growth, water use and water-use efficiency of wheat on a deep alluvial sandy loam soil. Post-sowing treatments consisted of (i) five 75-mm irrigations at five growth stages, and (ii) irrigations based on pan evaporation, i.e. at IW/PAN-E ratio of 0.75 (75 mm of irrigation water were provided as soon as the open-pan evaporation minus rainfall since previous irrigation was 100 mm).The latter regime required 175 mm less water than that with irrigation at growth stages. Profile water utilization was inversely related to post-sowing irrigation water. Where pre-sowing irrigation was light, post-sowing irrigations based on pan evaporation yielded significantly less than those based on growth stages. With heavy pre-sowing irrigation, irrigation based on the pan evaporation yielded as much as five irrigations at growth stages. The former decreased the mean water application by 153 mm and increased the water-use efficiency by 26%. Irrigation based on pan evaporation stimulated greater utilization of stored water by increasing the rooting density in deeper layers.It is indicated that for higher water-use efficiency and yield, wheat should be sown after a heavy pre-sowing irrigation, and post-sowing irrigation should be based on 0.75 pan evaporation. 相似文献
2.
Field studies were conducted during a 3-year period to determine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in response to irrigation scheduling and variable fertilization.Irrigation scheduling was done on the basis of cumulative pan evaporation. Irrigations were given at 25, 50 and 75% available water in the top 60 cm soil profile. The amount of irrigation water applied at each irrigation was equivalent to 75% of the cumulative open pan evaporation. The crop was fertilized at the rate of 0, 60, and 120 kg/ha nitrogen.The yield of wheat was significantly affected by irrigation water and nitrogen treatments. Maximum yield was obtained with irrigation at 50% available soil water and 120 kg/ha nitrogen addition (5092 kg/ha). Consumptive use of water was maximum when irrigation was applied at 75% available soil water. The irrigation at 50% available soil water, however, resulted in greatest yield per cm water use by the crop. 相似文献
3.
The sensitivity of growth and yield of dwarf wheat to water stress at three growth stages 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Summary Response of dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) to three different levels of water stress at three growth stages — seeding to maximum tillering, maximum tillering to flowering and flowering to maturity, was studied under field conditions for two seasons. At each of these three stages, plants were subject to three ratios of irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) –0.45, 0.60 and 0.75. During the remaining stages the plants were irrigated with an IW/CPE ratio of 0.9. Thus mild, moderate and severe stress treatments were compared with a no-stress control. At all stages moderate and severe water stress decreased plant height, leaf area, ear number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and water-use efficiency. In stage 3 the effect of water stress on straw yield was not marked. Wheat was most sensitive to water stress during stage 1 when the reduction in grain yield was caused by a reduction in numbers of ears and grains per ear. In stage 2, grain yield reduction was due to fewer grains perear and a lower 1000-grain weight. On rewatering, mild stressed plants showed recovery of plant height, tiller number and in consequence, yield. Results indicate that under the conditions of this study the wheat crop should be irrigated at a IW/CPE ratio of 0.75 when water resources are limited. With an unlimited water supply the ratio may be increased to 1.2 in stage 2 to maximise the yield. 相似文献
4.
A field experiment was conducted to compute the water use and productivity of turmeric as a function of straw mulching and irrigation scheduling at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2013 and 2014. The experiment was laid out in split plot design, keeping mulch levels (no mulch and straw mulch 6 t/ha) and irrigation methods (drip and check basin) in main plots and irrigation schedules at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) in subplots. Turmeric yield was 125.2 % higher with mulching than no mulch with 50 % saving in irrigation water. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher turmeric yield and benefit/cost (B/C) than check basin. Irrigation scheduling at 1.2 IW/CPE recorded significantly higher turmeric yield than other schedules. Drip irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE resulted in statistically at par yield with check basin irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE, thus saving 40 % irrigation water with significantly higher B/C. However, turmeric yield was at par between drip irrigation at 1.2 and 1.0 IW/CPE schedule, while a significant reduction in yield was recorded in check basin at 1.0 IW/CPE compared to 1.2 IW/CPE. Turmeric should be irrigated with drip at 1.0 and with check basin at 1.2 IW/CPE to realize potential yield. 相似文献
5.
The growth and herbage and oil production of East Indian lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) in response to different levels of irrigation water (IW) [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 times cumulative pan
evaporation (CPE)] were evaluated on deep sandy soils at the research farm of the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants, Lucknow, from 1991 to 1993. In general, an increment in the level of irrigation increased the plant height up to 0.7
IW:CPE ratio. The response of irrigation levels on tiller production of lemongrass differed with the season of harvest. Maximum
tillers/clump during the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th harvests were in response to irrigation levels 0.9, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.7 IW:CPE
ratio, respectively. Oil content had an inverse relationship with the levels of irrigation, specially during the 1st, 2nd,
5th and 6th harvests. Significantly higher herb and essential oil yields were recorded at 0.7 IW:CPE ratio, irrespective of
season of harvest. The maximum total herb (22.79 t/ha in first year and 33.11 t/ha in second year) and oil (146.2 l/ha in
the first year and 205.3 l/ha in the second year) yields were recorded at 0.7 IW:CPE ratio. The quality of oil with respect
to the major chemical constituents (Citral-a, Citral-b and geraniol) was not changed. At the optimum level of irrigation (0.7
IW:CPE ratio) the water used by lemongrass was 118.2 cm for first year and 123.8 cm for the second year. Water-use efficiency
was found to be higher (1.66 l oil/ha-cm) in the second year than the first year (1.23 l oil/ha-cm). For optimum yield potential
of lemongrass on deep sandy soils of sub-tropical climate, the crop received 17 irrigations in the first year and 14 irrigations
in the second year of harvests. Irrigations were made during the dry winter and summer months.
Received: 15 April 1999 相似文献
6.
Summary Development of a ploughpan has been reported in Bangladesh for almost all ploughed soils which are puddled for transplanted rice cultivation. Field information on the water requirement of dryland crops such as wheat and the effects of loosening the dense layer on crop yield and water use efficiency are very limited. Field experiments were, therefore, conducted in the grey floodplain soil of Sonatala series (Aeric Haplaquept) to study the irrigation and tillage effects on the yield and water relations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sonalika). The split plot design experiment comprised four irrigation treatments in the mainplots viz. W0 = no irrigation, W1 = irrigation of 5 cm at 4 weeks after planting, W2-W1 + irrigation(s) of 5 cm each at irrigation water to cummulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio of 0.75 and W3- W1 + irrigation(s) of 5 cm eacht at IW/CPE ratio of 0.50. The sub-plot tillage depth treatments were: A-7.5 cm (traditional), B-15 cm, C-22.5 cm, D-22.5 cm practised in alternate wheat seasons. Measurements were made of grain and straw yield, soil water depletion and water expense efficiency.Irrigation had no effect on grain or straw yield. Tillage to 15 cm increased wheat yield by about 15% over traditional depth to ploughing. In general, deep tillage coupled with one irrigation at four weeks after planting produced the largest wheat yield.Soil water depletion (SWD) in the 0–90 cm profile was greatest in the treatment receiving two irrigations, one at 4 weeks and again at IW/CPE ratio of 0.50. The average SWD in this treatment was 113 in 1982–83 and 82 mm in 1983–84. Plots receiving traditional tillage (7.5 cm) had the greatest SWD. Total water expense were the greatest in treatments receiving three irrigations. The maximum water expense efficiency (WEE) of wheat was observed in the non-irrigated plots in 1982–83 and 1983–84, respectively. Deep tillage treatments, in general, had significantly greater WEE than those under traditional ploughing. Intensive irrigation and efficient soil and water management are important factors in enhancing crop productivity. The former not only permits judicious water use but also better utilization of other production factors thereby leading to increased crop yield which, in turn, helps stabilize the farming economy. The best way to meet increasing demand for water is to adopt efficient water management practices to increase water use efficiency.Irrigation should aim at restoring the soil water in the root zone to a level at which the crop can fully meet its evapo-transpiration (ET) requirement. The amount of water to be applied at each irrigation and how often a soil should be irrigated depend, however, on several factors such as the degree of soil water deficit before irrigation, soil types, crops, and climatic conditions (Chaudhury and Gupta 1980).Knowledge of movement of water through the soil is imperative to efficient water management and utilization. The presence of a dense pan impedes water movement into the sub-soil. As a result, the top soil becomes saturated by irrigation and sensitive dryland crops can fail as this plough layer impedes the penetration of roots into deeper soil layers and decreases water extraction. Crops growing in these soils often undergo severe water stress within 5–8 days after rainfall or irrigation (Lowry et al. 1970). Due to decrease rates of water flow, the lower soil layer may remain unsaturated and as a result, the recharge and soil water storage in the profile are considerably decreased (Sur et al. 1981).In Bangladesh, ploughpans develop to varying degree in almost all ploughed soils (Brammer 1980). They are particularly marked in soils which are puddled for transplanted rice cultivation where the pan is usually only 8–10 cm below the soil surface and 3–5 cm thick. Its presence is generally regarded as advantageous for cultivation of transplanted rice in that it prevents excessive deep percolation losses of water. But in the same soil this cultivation for a subsequent dryland crop would adversely affect yield. A slight modification of the plough layer could enable good yields of both rice and a dryland crop to be obtained in the same soil in different seasons (Brammer 1980). The sub soils have a good bearing capacity, both when wet and dry and the pan can easily be reformed, if desired, for cultivating transplanted rice after a dryland crop like wheat.Professor of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 相似文献
7.
Potato water use and yield under furrow irrigation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of plant-furrow treatments and levels of irrigation on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) water use, yield, and water-use efficiency. The experiments were carried out under deficit irrigation conditions in a sandy loam soil of eastern India in the winter seasons of 1991/92, 1992/93, and 1993/94. Two plant-furrow treatments and two levels of irrigation were considered. The two plant-furrow treatments were F1 - furrows with single row of planting in each ridge with 45 cm distance between adjacent ridges, and F2 - furrows with double rows of planting spaced 30 cm apart in each ridge with 60 cm distance between adjacent ridges. The two levels of irrigation (LOI) were I1 - 0.9 IW/CPE and I2 - 1.2 IW/CPE, where IW is irrigation water of 5 cm and CPE is cumulative pan evaporation. Treatment F2 produced highest tuber yield in all years with average value of 10,610 kg ha -1 and 12,780 kg ha -1 at LOI of I1 and I2, respectively. On average, six irrigations with a total of 25 cm, and seven irrigations with a total of 30 cm were required for both treatments F1 and F2 at LOI of I1 and I2, respectively. Treatment F2 resulted in a significantly higher number of branches and tubers per plant, foliage coverage and water-use efficiency for both irrigation levels than treatment F1. Average daily crop evapotranspiration was found to range from 1.1 to 3.4 mm and from 1.2 to 3.9 mm for treatment F1 and from 1.1 to 3.6 mm and from 1.2 to 4.0 mm for treatment F2 at LOI of I1 and I2, respectively. 相似文献
8.
《Agricultural Water Management》1997,34(2):149-160
For sustainable sunflower production in semi-arid sub-tropical regions, it is essential to increase its water use efficiency. Field studies were conducted for three years on deep alluvial loamy sand (Typic Ustipsamment) and sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) soils at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, to evaluate the interactive effects of three irrigation regimes (irrigation water to net open pan evaporation ratios, I1, I2, I3) on sunflower yield in relation to tillage (conventional tillage, CT, and deep-tillage, DT) and mulching (no mulch, M0, and residue mulch, M1).Both deep tillage and mulch significantly increased crop yield irrespective of soil type and year. Increase in mean achene yield across soils during three years with DT over CT varied between 10 and 16% and that with mulch over no mulch by 8 to 17%.Deep tillage and/or mulching helped the crop in efficient utilization of water by increasing leaf area index (LAI) and the depth and density of rooting. Irrigation and tillage interacted for their effects on yield on loamy sand, as the crop responded to higher level of irrigation with CT than with DT. On loamy sand, mean achene yield increased with increase in water supply up to IW/PE = 1.5 in a dry year and upto IW/PE = 1.2 in relatively wetter years. On sandy loam, mean yield response to irrigations was observed upto IW/PE = 1.0 in all the three years.Regression analysis of relative yield against water supply during the three years on both the soils, showed that for 80% relative yield the crop required 105 cm water in CTM0, 90 cm in CTM or DTM0 and only 80 cm in DTM. The study suggests that deep tillage or straw mulch may be used to achieve higher water use efficiency in sunflower on coarse textured soils in semi-arid, sub-tropical regions. 相似文献
9.
不同水肥措施下的冬小麦水氮利用和生物效应研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(9)
【目的】寻找合适的冬小麦水肥方案。【方法】采用田间试验方法,在传统畦灌和水肥一体化微喷灌下分别设置不同施氮肥处理,研究了小麦干物质积累、产量、水氮利用和土壤贮水量。【结果】与传统畦灌比,微喷灌各处理灌水量减少50%,干物质积累量、产量、氮肥生产效率、水分利用效率分别增加28.2%～41.1%、0.2%～27.3%、0.8%～76.6%和23.3%～61.7%。其中传统畦灌下,推荐施氮肥与不施氮肥、农民习惯施氮肥和推荐施氮肥减氮20%处理比较,小麦干物质积累量、产量、氮肥生产效率、水分利用效率分别增加4.0%～11.4%、1.8%～26.9%、32.1%～75.3%、0.8%～28.2%。微喷灌下,与推荐施氮肥比,推荐施氮肥减氮20%的小麦干物质积累量、产量、氮肥生产效率、水分利用效率分别提高6.4%、4.5%、0.8%、2.3%。【结论】综合比较,水肥一体化微喷灌下推荐施氮肥减氮20%表现最优,提高冬小麦水氮利用效率,稳定产量,是节水减肥可推荐的有效途径。 相似文献
10.
以华北地区冬小麦为试验对象,参考直径20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计水面蒸发量E,通过2 a的大田试验(2012—2013),研究了大田地表滴灌条件下水氮耦合制度对作物耗水量、作物生理指标、产量、氮残留及水氮利用效率的影响,结果表明,冬小麦生育期内的耗水量、叶面积指数及产量受灌水定额的影响更为显著(P<0.05);滴灌条件下,当施氮量在120~290 kg/hm2时,水氮耦合效应对冬小麦耗水量的影响不具有统计学意义;在滴灌灌水定额为0.80E,施氮量为140~190 kg/hm2的水氮耦合模式下,冬小麦的产量较高,土壤硝态氮的当季残留较少,且进一步显著增加灌水定额和氮肥投入量将导致产量的明显下降;综合考虑冬小麦水氮利用效率和对地下水的潜在淋失风险,华北典型区滴灌水氮耦合的优化组合范围宜为灌水定额为0.80E,施氮量为140~190 kg/hm2. 相似文献
11.
A field experiment was conducted with a bunched variety of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. JL-24 during the summer seasons (March–June) of 1992 and 1993 in the humid tropical canal command area at the University Experimental Farm, Memari (23°1 N, 88°5 E and 21.34 m a.s.l) in West Bengal of eastern India. The soil at the site is of sandy loam (Typic Fluvaquent) texture and the area has a shallow water table. Weekly and seasonal field water balance components of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) including the capillary contribution into root zone were determined. Peanut yield and water productivity were determined for three ratios of irrigation water and cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) of 0.9, 0.7 and 0.5. Mean crop coefficients were determined for each 7-day period of growth and were related to leaf area index and growing degree-days. Average seasonal values of ETa of peanut were 434, 391 and 356 mm for the three treatments, respectively, for 115 days of growth. The total pod yield and WP were significantly higher in 0.9 IW:CPE treatment in the 1992 season. On an average, 0.9 IW:CPE treatment had 7 and 11% higher yields in 1992 and 1993, respectively, over treatments 0.7 and 0.5 IW:CPE. The maximum average Kc of 1.19 occurred about 9 weeks after sowing relative to grass reference ET (ETo). 相似文献
12.
Haijun Liu Lipeng Yu Yu Luo Xiangping Wang Guanhua Huang 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(4):483-492
The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the main productive regions for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) in China. However, water-saving irrigation technologies (WSITs), such as sprinkler irrigation technology and improved surface irrigation technology, and water management practices, such as irrigation scheduling have been adopted to improve field-level water use efficiency especially in winter wheat growing season, due to the water scarcity and continuous increase of water in industry and domestic life in the NCP. As one of the WSITs, sprinkler irrigation has been increasingly used in the NCP during the past 20 years. In this paper, a three-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of volumetric soil water content (SWC), winter wheat yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) to sprinkler irrigation regimes based on the evaporation from an uncovered, 20-cm diameter pan located 0-5 cm above the crop canopy in order to develop an appropriate sprinkler irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the NCP. Results indicated that the temporal variations in SWC for irrigation treatments in the 0-60-cm soil layer were considerably larger than what occurred at deeper depths, whereas temporal variations in SWC for non-irrigation treatments were large throughout the 0-120-cm soil layer. Crop leaf area index, dry biomass, 1000-grains weight and yield were negatively affected by water stress for those treatments with irrigation depth less than 0.50E, where E is the net evaporation (which includes rainfall) from the 20-cm diameter pan. While irrigation with a depth over 1.0E also had negative effect on 1000-grains weight and yield. The seasonal ET of winter wheat was in a range of 206-499 mm during the three years experiments. Relatively high yield, WUE and IWUE were found for the irrigation depth of 0.63E. Therefore, for winter wheat in the NCP the recommended amount of irrigation to apply for each event is the total 0.63E that occurred after the previous irrigation provided total E is in a range of 30-40 mm. 相似文献
13.
自动补水蒸发皿装置的原理及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更好地利用蒸发皿的蒸发量指导农田灌溉,根据马氏瓶工作原理设计了一种简单、实用,价格低廉而且操控性强的恒水位蒸发皿装置,此装置在20 cm标准蒸发皿的基础上附加了一个自动补水装置.以20 cm标准蒸发皿的蒸发量为标准,对可进行自动补水的恒水位蒸发皿的水面蒸发过程进行了验证.通过大田冬小麦试验建立了水面蒸发过程与冬小麦同阶段耗水过程的关系.结果表明,设计开发的蒸发皿装置,具有较好的稳定性,组间测量值相对平均误差小于5%,超过5 d相对平均误差小于2%;其水面蒸发过程与20 cm标准蒸发皿的蒸发量具有显著的相关关系,相关系数高达0.99;华北地区优质高产冬小麦在拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期的田间耗水量,与自动补水蒸发皿同阶段累计水面蒸发量的比值分别为1.09,1.31和1.16.因此,可以用该装置的水面蒸发量来指导农田灌溉,达到农作物优质、高效、高产的目的. 相似文献
14.
温室番茄节水调质灌水方案评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为寻求日光温室番茄优质高效的灌溉制度,采用设置于温室番茄冠层齐平位置的水面蒸发测定装置,设计3种基于水面蒸发量的灌水间隔水平和4种灌水量水平组合处理,依据小区试验观测结果,分析确定了以番茄产量、水分利用率、单果重、可溶性固形物质量分数及果实硬度等5项指标为主的节水调质灌溉制度评价体系;在采用变异系数法确定出各指标权重的基础上,借鉴TOPSIS综合评价方法,建立了温室番茄节水、优质、高产相统一的综合评价模型,应用该模型确定基于水面蒸发量的温室番茄节水调质灌溉制度,即当累积水面蒸发量Epan达到10mm±2mm时进行灌溉,灌水量为0.9Epan,在产量不降低的情况下,提高了水分利用率,并在一定程度上提高了果实的营养品质和储运品质. 相似文献
15.
该研究拟利用直径为20cm的标准蒸发皿,制定简单易行的喷灌冬小麦灌溉计划。试验于2005－2006年和2006－2007年冬小麦生长季节,在中国科学院通州农田水循环和节水灌溉试验基地进行。以布置在冠层上20 cm直径蒸发皿水面蒸发量（E）为基础,研究了不同水面蒸发量倍数（分别为0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00和1.25倍,以及不灌水对照处理）灌溉水量条件下,喷灌水量对土壤水分、冬小麦生长、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响,分析了利用水面蒸发量制定喷灌灌溉计划的可行性。试验结果显示,喷灌条件下土壤水分主要在0～60 cm土层内变化。当灌溉水量小于0.25E时,冬小麦叶面积指数和生物量较小,而大于1.00E也会抑制冬小麦生长。喷灌条件下冬小麦单个生育期内的耗水量在 312～508 mm内变化,耗水量随着灌水量的增加而增加。喷灌0.50E～0.75E时,冬小麦产量和水分利用效率最高或者接近于最高;灌水量较小（≤0.25E）和较大（≥1.00E）时均会降低产量。建议在北京地区冬小麦返青后,喷灌水量可采用0.50～0.75倍的20 cm蒸发皿水面蒸发量,灌水间隔可采用5～7 d。 相似文献
16.
【目的】确定大田黄瓜最适宜的灌溉频率和灌水量。【方法】试验于2018年在华北水利水电大学农业高效用水试验场进行,以20cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量(E20)作为灌水依据,灌溉处理分为2个灌溉间隔(I1:3d;I2:6d)和3种水面蒸发系数(K1:0.5;K2:0.7;K3:0.9),共6个处理,对黄瓜耗水特性、产量构成和水分利用效率进行了分析。【结果】黄瓜整个生育期耗水量在380~570mm之间波动,黄瓜的产量在18.2~46.1t/hm2之间波动。从不同灌水频率组合来看,I2K3处理的产量最高,其中,K3处理的早期产量最高,而I1与I2处理的水分利用效率无明显差异。果实数与灌水量之间、耗水量与产量之间均呈正线性相关关系。【结论】建议对于田间黄瓜栽培,灌溉间隔设置为6d,蒸发皿系数选择0.9为宜。 相似文献
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In Northern India, insufficient soil moisture and excessively high soil temperatures are reported to restrict growth of crops during the hot, dry months of April–June. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three irrigation schedules based on ratios of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 times pan evaporation, and two levels of paddy straw mulch of 0 and 6 tons/ha on yield and quality of sugarcane for a sandy loam. The differential irrigations were restricted to 10–12 weeks before the monsoon season.Both irrigation and straw mulching had favourable effects on plant height and yield. Cane yield increased by an average of 13.8% for the 1.00 over the 0.50 times pan evaporation. Similarly, yield averaged 13.8% higher with mulch than without it. Interestingly, the pan evaporation ratio of 0.50 with mulch gave a higher yield than the ratio 1.00 without mulch. For the same yield, irrigation under mulching averaged 34 cm less than under no mulch. These beneficial effects were attributed to better soil moisture and temperature regimes with mulching. Irrigation and mulching had no effect on the quality of cane juice. These results indicate that straw mulching and early season irrigation to sugarcane based on 1.00 times pan evaporation is a promising practice for increasing sugarcane production in subtropical areas. 相似文献
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[目的]探索赣抚平原灌区不同水文年型适宜的水稻水肥综合调控模式,为灌区水稻水肥管理提供决策依据。[方法]基于江西省灌溉试验中心站2012 2013年晚稻试验资料对ORYZA_V3模型进行了率定与验证,并以率定后的模型模拟分析了不同水文年组及水肥模式下晚稻灌溉定额、产量、氮肥利用率等指标。[结果]降低灌前水分下限能降低腾发量与灌溉定额。耕作层灌前土壤含水率大于饱和含水率的70%~75%时,降低灌前水分下限均能提高晚稻的产量与氮肥利用率。耕作层灌前土壤含水率低于饱和含水率的60%~65%时,晚稻产量、氮肥利用率均有所下降。施氮肥量增加会降低氮肥利用率,施氮肥次数增加能提高氮肥利用率,二者增加均能增加晚稻产量,但会导致晚稻耐旱能力降低。从节水、增产、增效的角度,推荐试验区采用的水肥综合调控模式:氮肥量135 kg/hm2,分3次施用(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2),丰水年采用重旱节水灌溉模式(耕作层灌前土壤含水率下限占饱和含水率的60%~65%),平、枯水年采用中旱节水灌溉模式(耕作层灌前土壤含水率下限占饱和含水率的70%~75%)。[结论]与传统水肥模式相比,所推荐水肥模式在丰、平、枯水年能分别节水41.4%、30.0%、21.9%,增产7.5%、5.4%、3.4%,提高氮肥利用率57.3%、51.2%、44.9%,节省氮肥25%。 相似文献