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1.
为进一步提高小麦的花药培养效率，以6个普通小麦杂交组合的F1群体为材料，研究了小麦花药离体培养中不同蔗糖浓度和不同激素组合以及基因型对小麦花药培养特性的影响。结果表明，蔗糖浓度对小麦花药愈伤组织的诱导有显著影响，最适蔗糖浓度为100g／L；不同激素组合对小麦花药愈伤组织的再分化频率也有影响，3个基因型均以W14附加1.5mg／LKT＋0．5mg／L IAA激素组合的绿苗分化率最高（分别为59．09％、48％和57．14％），显著高于W14附加1.5mg／LKT及1.5mg／LKT＋0．1mg／L NAA的绿苗分化率。研究还表明，不同基因型小麦花药组织的脱分化特性和再分化特性不同；同一基因型小麦花药愈伤组织的诱导和再分化之间存在显著的正相关。 相似文献
2.
采用36种玉米基因型材料,研究了基因型、培养基、接种前冷藏以及田间早期对雄穗注射一定浓度的2,4-D和在接种前用一定浓度的2,4-D浸泡雄穗对出愈率的影响。结果表明:在玉米培养基 N6(微量元素) 2,4-D2mg/L KT2mg/L 水解酪蛋白(CH)500mg/L 活性炭0.2% 糖12% 琼脂6.5g的诱导培养基中,36个基因型玉米中只有7个基因型能诱导出愈伤组织。其中博丰5号在接种前用4℃冷藏7d出愈率可增加3.71%;SB304在13～14叶期用2,4-D注射雄穗能有效提高其出愈率;金象4号雄穗在接种前用2,4-D浸泡,随着2,4-D浓度的增加或浸泡时间的加长,其出愈率都在增加。 相似文献
3.
《热带作物学报》2017,(10)
为优化白菜游离小孢子培养高频胚诱导技术体系,以20个不同基因型白菜栽培品种为供试材料,对影响白菜游离小孢子胚诱导和植株再生因素进行研究。结果表明:有14个基因型产生了小孢子胚,不同基因型之间胚诱导率差异显著,表明基因型是影响小孢子胚发生的主要因素;通过对白菜游离小孢子培养高频胚诱导技术体系的优化,胚诱导率明显提高,最优组合为盛花期取蕾;花瓣长与花药长比为0.5~0.75;4℃低温预处理1 d;150 g/L蔗糖的NLN培养基33℃高温热激2 d,重新离心更换130 g/L蔗糖的NLN培养;激素最优组合为6-BA0.1 mg/L、NAA 0.5 mg/L;在培养基中添加活性炭有利于胚的形成,最佳浓度为0.5 g/L。 相似文献
4.
花生花药培养的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究对14个基因型花生的花药进行了培养。结果表明,花药愈伤组织诱导率受基因型、花蕾长度、蔗糖浓度和基本培养基等因素的影响。小孢子单核期为适宜的诱导时期,培养基以6％～13％蔗糖浓度的B5培养基较好;基因型不同,愈伤组织诱导的最适基本培养基不同,在接种的14个基因型中,11个基因型(占78．57％)在B5培养基上产生较高的愈伤组织诱导率,变幅为62．75％～97．8％。在附加4．0mg／L 6-BA、0．5mg／L TDZ和0．4mg／L AA的改良MS养基上,基因型19获得了11．63％的体胚分化率。 相似文献
5.
基因型和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体,接种于不同配比激素组合的培养基,研究AgNO3及基因型对油菜子叶外植体再生频率的影响.通过对芽苗分化率的方差分析表明,基因型、AgNO3及基因型与AgNO3互作对植株再生的影响均达到极显著水平,其影响程度为基因型＞AgNO3＞基因型×AgNO3.诱导芽苗分化的最佳培养基为MS+4mg/L BA+0.3mg/L NAA+5～10mg/L AgNO3. 相似文献
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以冬瓜子叶节为试材，探讨培养条件、不同基因型及诱导、伸长和生根培养基不同激素类型与配比情况，初步建立了冬瓜组培再生体系。结果表明：种子剥皮消毒后，在纸桥培养基暗培养发芽率较高，且节约成本；以暗培养5 d、见光培养1 d刚转为淡绿色的闭合子叶，其不定芽诱导率最高，约75％；以13个不同基因型冬瓜子叶节为外植体，接种至不同激素浓度组合的培养基上，筛选出分化率较高的品种B214，其不定芽再生率可达到79.2％，诱导分化培养基为MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA，伸长培养基为MS+1.0 相似文献
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以发芽率、平均发芽时间为指标，研究不同清水浸泡时间、热水处理、烘焙处理、破壳处理、激素处理和低温层积等因素对赪桐种子萌发的影响。结果表明：采用破壳处理方法能极显著地提高种子发芽率，其发芽率达到92%；在不同烘焙处理中，6 h处理为最佳，其发芽率达74%；在不同的浸泡处理中，以自然水浸泡72 h处理为最佳，其发芽率达60%；在不同播种深度处理中，以3 cm播种处理为最佳，其发芽率达60%；激素处理能明显提高种子的发芽率，浓度为30 mg/L的萘乙酸、25 mg/L赤霉素、30 mg/L的6-BA溶液的浸泡处 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献