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1.
西藏高原环境下印度芥菜型油菜农艺性状的典型相关分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了调查西藏高原环境下,印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现,本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料,采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法,对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定;影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状,其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状;印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
为了调查西藏高原环境下, 印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现, 本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料, 采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法, 对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明: 印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定; 影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状, 其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状; 印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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4.
西藏野生芥菜型油菜生态性状相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究在对27份西藏野生芥菜型油菜大田种植、常规考种的基础上,结合气候数据,采用相关分析方法,对野生芥菜型油菜种质生态性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：西藏野生芥菜型油菜单株产量和每株角果数主要受植株可遗传的生态性状的影响,与生态环境因子之间的关系不密切,而粒重的高低则主要受生态环境因子,特别是年均降水量的影响,但与植株可遗传的生态性状之间的关系不密切;对野生芥菜型油菜产量性状影响最大的是分枝性状,分枝性状的好坏主要受制于主茎性状,而主茎性状的生长发育较产量性状、分枝性状与气候性状的关系更为密切;单株产量主要是由1级分枝长度、2级分枝数与2级分枝发生高度引起的。典型相关分析和简单相关分析相比,更能在众多的相关变量间抓住主要矛盾,有效揭示两组性状间相关的本质,这对研究油菜的杂交优势利用和遗传育种有一定参考价值,同时也为研究其他农作物两组性状间的关系,揭示其内在本质提供了一条新的、更加有效的研究途径。 相似文献
5.
播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜重要农艺性状与产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2010~2011年度以甘蓝型半冬性核不育杂交油菜为材料,采用三元二次回归正交组合设计研究了直播油菜最高产时的栽培组合,并对8个重要农艺性状与小区产量之间进行相关及通径分析。结果表明,直播油菜的株高、单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、根茎粗和叶痕数与直播油菜的产量呈极显著或显著正相关关系,各农艺性状与直播油菜产量的相关系数大小依次为单株有效角果数(0.9554)株高(0.9340)根茎粗(0.9107)每角果粒数(0.9106)叶痕数(0.8445)分支位高度(0.694.1)分支数(0.5595)千粒重(0.2292)。各相关性状对油菜产量的直接影响为单株有效角果数(0.8811)根茎粗(-0.4645)叶痕数(0.3350)株高(0.2908)分支数(-0.2000)每角果粒数(0.0857)分支位高度(0.0732)千粒重(0.0454)。直播油菜的叶痕数和根茎粗是影响产量的重要农艺性状,叶痕数对产量起直接作用,而根茎粗主要是通过间接作用起到增产效果。在南方双季稻区,播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜产量均有显著影响,在本试验条件下,以播期为10月27日,种植密度不少于45万株/hm~2,施肥量为1851.9kg/hm~2的组合为最佳种植方案。 相似文献
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为挖掘甘蓝型油菜主花序长度和主花序角果数性状显著关联单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,并鉴别相关候选基因,本研究以300份甘蓝型油菜自交系为试验材料,对甘蓝油菜主花序长度和主花序角果数性状进行一年两地表型考察,并结合该群体前期开发的201 817个SNP标记,采用一般线性模型(GLM)和混合线性模型(MLM)进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS),此外,对性状显著关联SNP位点两侧100 kb区域内相关候选基因搜寻并进行功能预测。结果表明,300份甘蓝型油菜主花序2性状在两地均表现出表型变异。GLM关联分析发现,两地共检测到22个主花序长度和41个主花序角果数显著关联SNP位点;MLM分析发现,两地共检测到9个主花序长度和31个主花序角果数显著关联SNP位点,MLM结果与部分GLM分析结果一致。相关候选基因功能预测结果表明,有28个候选基因参与油菜花序分生组织和花器官发育、生长素合成与极性运输、信号转导等生物学过程,表明以上候选基因可能参与调控油菜主花序生长及主花序角果形成。本研究为揭示油菜主花序性状的遗传变异,培育耐密植高产油菜品种提供了理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
7.
氮、磷、钾对湿害胁迫下甘蓝型油菜产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对甘蓝型油菜品种中双10号和中油杂5号苗期进行水淹处理模拟湿害胁迫,运用“3414”肥料效应田间试验方案,研究湿害胁迫下施肥量对油菜产量的影响。结果看出,施氮磷钾肥对湿害胁迫下的油菜产量性状有重要影响。灰色关联分析表明,施氮量与每角粒数、单株角果数和一次分枝数、二次分枝数和主花序长呈显著正相关;施磷量与单株角果数和每角粒数呈显著正相关;施钾量与每角粒数、千粒重和主花序长有呈显著正相关的趋势。湿害胁迫下,保证中等水平的磷肥和钾肥,增施氮肥可显著提高油菜的单产、投产比和经济效益。通过建立肥效与产量间的效应函数方程,在湿害危害严重的油菜种植地区,适宜肥料用量为:N 267 kg/hm2、P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 120 kg/hm2。 相似文献
8.
北方不同生态区白菜型冬油菜农艺性状变化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了进一步研究白菜型冬油菜在北方不同生态地区的生长发育特性,明确冬油菜北移的适应区域,扩大冬油菜的种植区划,本研究通过分析18个冬油菜品种在17个不同生态区5 a的农艺性状变化,用适定性参数法、变异系数法分析其稳定性,用隶属函数法综合评价不同品种的农艺性状。结果表明,白菜型冬油菜在北方地区种植,能够安全越冬的地区农艺性状均很优良,且优于胡麻和春油菜等同类型的其他油料作物;品种间、年份间变化不明显,稳定性高。影响冬油菜农艺性状的主要因子是温度,其次是海拔、纬度、越冬率等。北方地区冬季寒冷,极端低温低、低温来临时间早、持续时间长,昼夜温差大,这些气候特点决定了冬油菜农艺性状在不同的生态地区间差异十分明显。与冬油菜原种植北界甘肃省天水市(北纬34°6′)相比,在北纬36°以北的高纬度地区(气温较低)白菜型冬油菜的株高、分枝部位明显降低,分枝数减少;且因花期冻害存在分段结实的现象,突出的表现为主花序长,而主花序角果数少且分布不均匀。但这些地区籽粒灌浆期相对低温,灌浆期较长,且昼夜温差较大,降低了呼吸消耗,因此角粒数和千粒重明显增加。在新疆维吾尔自治区的乌鲁木齐市(北纬43°77′)、塔城市(北纬46°74′)、拜城县(北纬41°82′)等极端寒冷的地区,由于冬春季积雪覆盖,减弱了冬季冻害和春季干旱,反而农艺性状优良,是发展冬油菜的潜在产区。因此,白菜型冬油菜在北方地区种植是可行的,能够安全越冬的地区冬油菜均能正常生长,农艺性状优良,且由于角粒数和千粒重存在潜在优势而使冬油菜具有发展潜力。 相似文献
9.
《土壤与作物》2017,(3)
为研究共生期对再生稻套播油菜性状及产量影响,设置油稻共生期0(T1)、3 d(T2)、5 d(T3)、7 d(T4)和10 d(T5)共5个处理,结果表明:(1)油菜产量和共生期呈一元二次抛物线关系(y=-8.98x~2+93.817x+1 864.6,R~2=0.848),其中共生期为5 d时产量最高,达2 179.8 kg·hm~(-2);(2)油菜全苗期密度随着其与再生稻套播共生期的延长而不断增加,而蕾薹期、盛花期均表现为先增加后减少,苗体稳定后密度大小为T3T2T1T4T5;(3)共生期与一次有效分枝、分枝有效角果数、全株有效角果数、单株生物量和单株产量呈极显著正相关(p0.01),与每角粒数和植株密度呈极显著负相关(p0.01),与主花序有效角果数和千粒重相关不显著(p0.05)。说明不同再生稻套播油菜共生期通过影响油菜植株密度、单株产量等相关指标进而影响油菜产量,因此适宜的共生期有利于油菜产量的构建。 相似文献
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以杂交油菜品种庆油1号为供试品种,2016年在重庆市大足区建立稻田免耕直播与育苗移栽示范片,比较分析其田间表现和实收产量。田间农艺性状结果表明:与育苗移栽油菜相比,稻田免耕直播油菜的生育进程要推迟,生育期缩短13 d;株高、根茎直径、一次有效分枝数、有效主花序长度、单株角果数和主花序有效角果数分别降低3.7%、32.3%、50.5%、17.5%、66.6%和13.2%;分枝高度和主花序角果数占单株总角果数比重分别提高73.2%和161.0%;群体抗倒性增强,角果层更集中,成熟一致性提高,菌核病病株率降低。田间抽样实收测产结果表明:庆油1号稻田免耕直播的667 m2产量为190.5 kg,育苗移栽产量212.8 kg,免耕直播比育苗移栽产量低10.5%;免耕直播和育苗移栽的机收产量分别为180.3 kg和195.4 kg,机收损失率分别为5.3%和8.3%。综合分析,稻田免耕直播油菜生育进程推迟,生育期缩短,个体生长量小,但群体优势增强,个体和群体表现都有利于机械收获,产量也达到了较高水平,值得推广应用。 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
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The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
14.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae. 相似文献
15.
Effects of mixing radiata pine needles and understory litters on decomposition and nutrients release 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Girisha K. Ganjegunte Leo M. Condron Peter W. Clinton Murray R. Davis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(5):310-319
A microcosm experiment was conducted to understand the impacts of mixing radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) needle litter and understory (gorse—Ulex europaeus L., broom—Cytisus scoparius L., bracken—Pteridium aquilinum L., and lotus—Lotus pedunculatus L.) litter materials on decomposition and nutrient release dynamics. Mixing of pine needle litter with understory litter material had significant impacts on both the rate of decomposition and nutrient release patterns of pine litter as well as that of the understory species. Incubation in microcosms over 10 months resulted in significantly lower mass loss of radiata pine needle litter mixed with broom and lotus litters (35.8±8.4 and 41.3±0.8%, respectively) than pure pine needle litter (63.5±2.3%). Mixing with pine needle litter significantly increased the mass loss of broom (53.1±6.1%) compared to that of pure broom (30.2±1.0%). Significant transfers of nutrients, especially of magnesium and potassium, were observed in litter mixture treatments. Concentration of K in litter materials was found to be the most limiting factor for the decomposing microorganisms in the present study. The findings of this study suggest that management of understory litter composition via weed control could be used to manipulate carbon turnover and nutrient release in the forest floor. Also, initial selection of understory species will be important and could be managed. 相似文献
16.
Massimo Romani Efisio Piano Luciano Pecetti 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(4):341-349
Despite a raising interest on turfs in Italy, all theavailable varieties of this kind in the Country are of foreign origin, and areoften poorly adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. This prompted tobegin a collection activity of indigenous turfgrass species, with the ultimategoal of identifying promising materials for future breeding based on localgenetic resources. The collection was carried out in three areas of Italy, viz.the northern Po Plain, the coastal region of Liguria, and the island of Sardiniathat are characterised, respectively, by subcontinental, warm temperate, andtypical Mediterranean climate. Altogether, 141 sites were visited, yielding 226accessions belonging to eight species of potential interest for turfs:Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis,Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea,Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera,Agrostis tenuis, and Cynodon dactylon,this last being a warm-season grass. Poa pratensis andCynodon dactylon were mostly collected in northern Italyand Sardinia, respectively, whereas Festuca arundinacea andLolium perenne were rather ubiquitous. The collection sitesranged from 0 to 1040 m asl, but sites over 750 m wereonly visited in the inner part of Sardinia. All the accessions, collected aswhole plants, were transplanted at Lodi, northern Italy, where they are beingevaluated. Their preliminary evaluation for traits of importance for turf use,such as sward colour and overall quality, highlighted the great variation andthe occurrence of interesting accessions in all species. Other characters wererecorded, bearing specific importance in individual species, and in all casespromising accessions were identified. The germplasm of Festucarubra, Festuca arundinacea, and Loliumperenne proved highly infected by endophytic (symbiotic) fungi of thegenus Neotyphodium. 相似文献
17.
Garnett Erin Jonsson Lena M. Dighton John Murnen Katherine 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(6):421-426
We investigated the influence of three concentrations of water extracts of three leaf litter species (pitch pine, huckleberry and white oak) and a mixture of all litters on the germination of pitch pine seeds and initial seedling growth in a microcosm experiment. All three plant species are important components of the pine barrens ecosystems in New Jersey, where it has been seen that pine seedling recruitment occurs only after stand replacing fire or in disturbed sites, where surface organic soil horizons and leaf litter have been removed. Leaf litter extracts did not influence seed germination, but significantly reduced seedling growth at high concentrations. There was little difference between the leaf litter species in growth suppression. As charcoal is a natural residue on the forest floor following fire, its influence on growth suppression was examined; it has been shown to immobilize polyphenols. Charcoal removed the inhibitory effect of leaf litter extracts and allowed the fertilizer effect of nutrients leached from the leaves to enhance seedling growth, particularly at the higher concentration of litter extract used. Responses to litter extracts were compared to four pure phenolic compounds, catchecol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and tannic acid. None of these compounds suppressed pine seedling growth, suggesting that these phenolics are not allelopathic to pine seedlings. The results are discussed in the context of fire as a driving factor in these oligotrophic and seasonally dry ecosystems and the interactions between nutrient supply and allelopathic chemistry of different leaf litters. 相似文献
18.
Gérard Branlard Mireille Dardevet Nardjis Amiour Gilberto Igrejas 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(7):669-679
Wheat endosperm storage proteins, namely gliadins and glutenins, are the major components of gluten. They play an important role in dough properties and in bread making quality in various wheat varieties. In the present study, the different alleles encoded at the 6 glutenin loci and at 3 -gliadin loci were identified from a set of 200 hexaploid wheat cultivars grown primarily in France using SDS PAGE. At Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, encoding high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), 3, 8 and 5 alleles were observed respectively. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) displayed similar polymorphism, as 5 and 11 alleles were identified at loci Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 respectively. Four alleles were observed at Glu-D3 loci. Omega-gliadin diversity was also very high, as 7, 13 and 9 alleles were found at Gli-A1, Gli-B1 and Gli-D1, respectively. A total of 147 (or 149) patterns resulted from the genetic combination of the alleles encoding at the six glutenin loci (or Glu-1 and Gli-1 loci). Although Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci were located on different chromosome arms and were theoretically independent, some associations were revealed due to pedigree relatedness between some French wheat cultivars. The usefulness of allelic identification of LMW-GS together with HMW-GS and gliadins for future genetic and technological wheat improvement is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献