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1.
以 1个尾叶桉×细叶桉全同胞家系的 2个亲本和 2 12个子代为材料 ,利用 RAPD分子标记技术进行了 RAPD标记在桉树中的分离方式研究。结果表明 :7个随机引物共扩增出 4 0个标记 ,标记在 F1代的分离方式可以分为两类 :符合孟德尔方式和偏离孟德尔方式。符合孟德尔方式的标记包括 :亲本均有而在子代中不分离的 9个 (在这类位点上代表的杂交组合为 AA× AA、AA× Aa或 Aa× AA) ,亲本间呈多态性而在子代中不分离的 7个 (aa× AA或 AA× aa) ,亲本间均有而在子代中 3∶ 1分离的 2个 (Aa× Aa) ,亲本间呈多态性且在子代中 1∶ 1分离的 9个 (Aa× aa或 aa×Aa)。偏分离的标记包括 :亲本间呈多态性而在子代中偏离 1∶ 1分离的 12个 ,两亲本均有而在子代中偏离 3∶ 1分离的 1个。亲本间呈多态性且在子代中 1∶ 1分离的位点在拟测交策略中可以用于遗传连锁图谱构建 ,这为利用 RAPD标记构建桉树遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。 相似文献
2.
以12个鹅掌楸种间杂交组合子代及其亲本自由授粉子代为材料,在分析各子代苗期生长性状及杂种优势表现的基础上,利用SSR分子标记检测鹅掌楸交配亲本的遗传距离以及杂交组合子代的杂合度,进而分析鹅掌楸苗期生长性状杂种优势与亲本遗传距离及子代杂合度之间的相关性。结果表明:鹅掌楸亲本遗传距离及子代杂合度与苗期生长杂种优势之间的相关性均未达显著水平,表明二者可能并非鹅掌楸杂种优势形成的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
《林业科学》2016,(12)
【目的】研究木荷种子园遗传多样性和交配系统,揭示种子园交配机制对后代遗传多样性的影响以及亲、子代遗传多样性变化规律,为木荷种子园遗传管理提供科学依据。【方法】以浙江省兰溪苗圃木荷种子园自由授粉子代为研究对象,运用13对SSR引物,对种子园内44个亲本及11个无性系的328个子代进行分析。【结果】在亲本群体中检测到等位基因数(N_a)5~9个不等,平均为6.286,有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.097;在子代群体中检测到5~11个等位基因(N_a),平均为7.786,较亲本群体高出1.500个等位基因,子代群体的有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.751,较亲本群体高出0.654个有效等位基因。子代群体包含亲本群体所有的等位基因,此外,还检测到1~5个子代特有等位基因。亲本群体遗传多样性水平适中(H_e=0.632),子代群体遗传多样性(H_e=0.600)比亲本略有降低,观测杂合度(Ho)略高于亲本,说明子代群体中实际观察到的杂合单株占全部单株的比例均较亲本有所增加,但差异不大。子代群体Nei’s基因多样度(h)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.611和1.152,均与亲本群体基本保持一致。子代群体的F值为-0.143,存在杂合子过剩。多位点交配系统分析(MLTR)结果表明:种子园异交率较高,多位点异交率(t_m)为1.000,单位点异交率(t_s)为0.939,亲本的近交现象不显著(t_m-t_s=0.061),只有较少的双亲近交事件发生;但有效花粉供体数目较少(N_(ep)=2.3),单位点和多位点父本相关性的差值r_p(s)-r_p(m)=0.0120,表明只有小部分花粉供体是近亲关系。参试11个家系间异交率不存在明显差异(t_m为0.992~1.073),少数存在近交现象(31号:t_m-t_s=0.107;9号:t_m-t_s=0.117)。11个家系的父本相关性(r_p)和有效花粉供体数目变化较大,分别为0.210~0.762和1.3~4.8,说明各家系的父本相关性程度不一致,其中31号最高,最低的是48号。【结论】木荷种子园异交率高,近交现象不明显;无性系之间基因交流相对充分,遗传多样性丰富,子代能保持亲本所具有的较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
4.
为验证微卫星标记技术在思茅松亲权鉴定中的可行性,选取了1对思茅松亲本以及其31个子代作为实验组,5个半同胞子代和5个与亲本无亲缘关系的子代作为对照组,采用微卫星亲权鉴定的方法,通过亲缘关系Cervus 3.0分析软件对选择的16个微卫星位点进行分析。结果显示：期望杂合度为0.024～0.500,平均值为0.391;观测杂合度为0.023～1.000,平均值为0.472。微卫星位点的累积非亲权排除概率为0.987,子代基因型符合孟德尔遗传定律。模拟鉴定及实际鉴定结果表明：在80%≤置信度≤95%的情况下,亲权鉴定率为97%;在置信度>95%的情况下,亲权鉴定率为97%。研究结果证明微卫星标记在思茅松亲权鉴定中的可行性,该方法为思茅松育种过程中亲本的识别以及家系的分析提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
Relationship between Growth Traits Heterosis and Genetic Distance among Parents of Pinus elliottii × P.caribaea Based on SSR Molecular Markers 
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下载免费PDF全文 LI Yi-liang ZHAO Fen-cheng WU Hui-shan ZHANG Ying-zhong LI Fu-ming ZHONG Sui-ying LI Xian-zheng CAI Jian 《林业科学研究》2012,25(2)
利用SSR标记对17个湿加松亲本无性系进行遗传多样性分析,进而分析亲本遗传距离与子代杂种优势的相关性.结果表明:14个微卫星标记在湿加松亲本群体中均呈现高度多态,共检测到57个等位基因,多态位点百分率为87.72％,平均杂合度为0.144 4～0.884 1,以SSR标记遗传距离聚类,将参试亲本材料划分为2大类群,可以用于湿加松亲本遗传多样性的评价.树高、胸径、材积的杂种优势与亲本遗传距离相关性达显著或极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.542 0、0.641 2、0.639 3,决定系数分别为0.293 8、0.411 0、0.408 7.分子标记遗传距离与树高、胸径、材积的杂种优势相关程度较高,利用SSR标记预测湿加松杂种优势是可行的,为湿加松良种选育及亲本选配提供参考. 相似文献
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7.
以30个杉木杂交亲本的RAPD分析为基础，对亲本间分子遗传变异与子代树高、胸径和材积及其变异系数和亲本间各性状的特殊配合力的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明，亲本间遗传距离只与胸径特殊配合力和材积特殊配合力在0．10显著性水平上呈负相关，而与其它因子相关不显著。分别对亲本聚类分析的组内和不同组间的亲本间遗传距离与各因子进行相关分析，组内亲本间遗传距离与各因子的相关基本不显著；在中等平均遗传距离上，组间亲本间遗传距离与子代树高、胸径和／或材积性状达0．05显著水平的相关，但与各性状的变异系数和亲本间特殊配合力相关不显著。共检测到23个标记位点显著影响材积性状（α≤0．10）。根据亲本携带的材积显著性位点对各家系进行赋值，家系的显著性位点值与胸径和材积两性状及其变异系数达0．01显著水平的相关，但与树高性状和其它各因子相关不显著。结论认为，杉木亲本的分子遗传变异与子代生长的相关关系较为复杂；亲本的分子遗传变异对亲本选配有一定的参考价值；材积显著性位点对分子标记辅助的亲本选配和子代表现预测有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
8.
对5种油松天然群体同功酶的研究表明：1）5种群体在GOT，ADH，SDH，MDH的分析中均有不同的谱带表现；在ME分析中所有的单株中均有1条清晰的谱带，属于1个染色区，受1个位点控制，该位点只有1个等位基因，属单态位点。2）5种群体在7个位点的等位基因频率和平均期望杂合度在不同酶位点间存在着较大的异质性。3）群体间的遗传分化主要来自群体内个体间，平均占总群体的95．02％。 相似文献
9.
利用SSR标记对17个湿加松亲本无性系进行遗传多样性分析,进而分析亲本遗传距离与子代杂种优势的相关性。结果表明:14个微卫星标记在湿加松亲本群体中均呈现高度多态,共检测到57个等位基因,多态位点百分率为87.72%,平均杂合度为0.144 4 0.884 1,以SSR标记遗传距离聚类,将参试亲本材料划分为2大类群,可以用于湿加松亲本遗传多样性的评价。树高、胸径、材积的杂种优势与亲本遗传距离相关性达显著或极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.542 0、0.641 2、0.639 3,决定系数分别为0.293 8、0.411 0、0.408 7。分子标记遗传距离与树高、胸径、材积的杂种优势相关程度较高,利用SSR标记预测湿加松杂种优势是可行的,为湿加松良种选育及亲本选配提供参考。 相似文献
10.
油茶优良杂交组合选育研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在油茶优树无性系的基础上开展杂交选择育种.通过杂交子代和亲本无性系的对比试验,在参试的41个全同胞子代中选育出XLH13等5个优良杂交组合;平均每公顷产油450.76～600.65kg,比对照增产30.0%～100.8%.对各优良杂交组合的主要经济性状研究发现：优良杂交组合在不同的经济性状上分别相对其亲本无性系来说,表现出不同程度上的杂种优势;油茶优良杂交组合子代间存在分化现象,通过集团选择后再在优良杂交组合中选育优良单株应能获得更高的增益;入选群体与参试的同类群体间,在树体冠幅上差异不大,但产果量却比参试平均值高22%以上;入选群体的平均单株产果量和平均冠幅大小排序：系间杂交子代〉半同胞家系子代〉亲本无性系. 相似文献
11.
运用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术,对黄心夜合[Michelia martinii（Levl.）Levl.]自然分布区的6个自然种群遗传多样性进行了研究。从100个随机引物中筛选出能产生清晰、稳定的多态性标记引物18个,共检测出110个位点,其中多态性位点为96个,占87.27%;在物种水平上,有效等位基因数目（Ne）,Nei’s基因多样性系数（He）和Shannon表型多样性指数（I）分别为1.735 2,0.416 3和0.597 1;总的遗传变异量（Ht）为0.339 8,其中居群内遗传变异量（Hs）为0.258 7,各居群间的遗传分化系数（Gst）达到0.323 1.应用UPGMA法对遗传距离进行聚类分析并构建树系图,结果表明：黄心夜合自然种群具有较高的遗传多样性,其种群间的遗传差异与其地理分布有关。 相似文献
12.
用RAPD标记进行鹅掌楸杂种识别和亲本选配 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18
杂种马褂木是以鹅掌楸属 (Ｌｉｒｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ)现存两个种中国马褂木 (Ｌ .ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ(Ｈｅｍｓｌ.)Ｓａｒｇ .)和北美鹅掌楸 (Ｌ .ｔｕｌｉｐｉｆｅｒａＬ .)为亲本所创造的种间杂种 ,由叶培忠教授于 1 963年首次育成。 30多年的栽培试验表明 ,该杂种不仅在生长和 相似文献
13.
Filomena Gomes Rita Costa Maria M. Ribeiro Elisa Figueiredo Jorge M. Canhoto 《林业研究》2013,24(2):227-236
The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is an underutilized, drought tolerant, fire resistant species with a south western distribution in Europe, and with ecological and putative socio-economical impact in Portugal and Mediterranean countries. Our aim was to develop an appropriate set of molecular markers to enable genetic diversity to be assessed and to fingerprint Arbutus unedo genotypes for breeding and conservation purposes in Portugal. Twenty-seven trees from a broad geographic range were screened with 20 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD primers) and 11 microsatellite markers (SSR). The RAPDs generated 124 bands, 57.3% of which were polymorphic, with an expected heterozygosity of 27%. We cross-amplified 11 SSR primers developed for Vaccinium spp., and 5 were found to be polymorphic in A. unedo, with 75% of expected heterozygosity, a number of alleles of 11.6, a null allele frequency of 7.6% and a polymorphic information content of 71%. Although the SSRs were more polymorphic and informative than the RAPDs, both markers displayed high genetic variability with the gathered data. No geographic pattern was observed in the genetic variation distribution based on both marker systems, and the lack of correlation between genetic and geographical matrices was confirmed by Mantel tests. Likely, no correlation was found between pairwise SSR and RAPD band-sharing matrices. These results and their implications on A. unedo breeding and conservation programs are discussed. 相似文献
14.
L. I. Ferreyra J. C. Vilardi D. S. Tosto N. B. Julio B. O. Saidman 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(6):1011-1025
The “algarrobo” [Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz] is a tree species that represents an important natural resource in arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina.
In this paper, we analysed and compared the variability of 46 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) loci with previous estimates
obtained from 12 isozyme markers in nine Argentinean populations of P. chilensis representative of the whole range of this species in Argentina. We evaluated the population structure and the existence of
genetic variants associated with environmental variables. Expected heterozygosity (H
e) estimated from RAPD varied significantly among populations and regions. Hierarchical analysis of genetic variability (AMOVA)
showed that most (88.1%) of the total diversity occurs within populations, the component among populations within regions
(9.3%) was intermediate, while the between-region component was the lowest (2.6%). All three variance components were highly
significant. The MDS plot from pair-wise Φ
ST matrix was consistent with the highly significant among-region differentiation indicated by the AMOVA. All 12 variable isozyme
loci and 26 out of 46 RAPD loci showed significant or highly significant association with at least one geographic/climatic
variable according to the stepwise multiple regression analysis. These results imply that the genetic differentiation among
populations is better explained by environmental or biogeographical grounds than by geographical distances, suggesting gametic
disequilibrium with loci responsible for the adaptation to particular environmental conditions. The information from RAPD
markers would provide a relevant criterion to preserve genetic diversity in programmes for conservation and rationale use
of this species. 相似文献
15.
Marina M. Kozyrenko Elena V. Artyukova Vladimir N. Shmakov Yuri M. Konstantinov 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(5):388-392
The genetic variability of four natural populations of Larix gmelinii from East Siberia was determined and compared by RAPD analysis. Comparison of the RAPD profiles provided an estimation of
variability in 193 RAPD fragments. More than 89% of these fragments were found to be polymorphic. The main genetic variability
parameters of the two populations from Central Yakutia, a region free of fluoride pollution, had considerably higher values
than those from East Transbaikalia, a region potentially affected by fluoride pollution (FLU, near a fluorite quarry growing
on soils with a high natural content of fluorides). AMOVA revealed that 72.94% of the variation was within populations, while
only 7.05% of the variation was between populations within geographical regions. The genetic diversity of the FLU fluoride-tolerant
population was the lowest, but only slightly lower than that of a fluoride non-tolerant population from Chita, 50 km distant
from FLU. Although this study demonstrates the absence of fundamental alterations of genetic structure within the populations
of L. gmelinii growing on soils with a high content of fluorides, it is presumed that the reduction of genetic diversity was the genetic
response of the FLU population to such an environmental stress as a constantly high concentration of fluorides within the
soil. 相似文献
16.
《林业研究》2016,(3)
Although cultivation and utilization of Pistacia are fully exploited, the evolutionary history of the Pistacia genus and the relationships among the species and accessions is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) in a total of 50 accessions of wild pistachio species, which included five populations Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk,Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia mutica, and Pistacia eurycarpa.High levels of genetic diversity were detected within wild pistachio accessions, as revealed by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging and supported via analysis of molecular variance. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate marker indices, polymorphic information contents(PICs), and genetic similarities(GS)for RAPD markers; assess the genetic diversity of Pistacia species, using GS estimated from RAPD fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement.Out of the 149 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 146(97.98 %) were polymorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.3 to 0.86 %, marker indices ranged from 2.98 to 17.74 %, and PICs ranged from 0.80 to0.99 %. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the pistachio accessions. This finding might render striking information in breeding management strategies for genetic conservation and cultivar development. 相似文献
17.
利用RAPD标记对采自四川西南的龙池、康定、木格措和理塘等地的13种报春花属植物亲缘关系进行了分析.结果表明:28个引物从85份材料中共扩增出250条DNA带,大小约为130～1 800 bp,每个引物可扩增4～15条,平均扩增9条,其中多态性带为209条(83.6%);材料间平均遗传距离为0.660 2;采用UPGMA法可将供试材料聚为4类,除中甸海水仙、雅砻粉报春、卵叶报春和高穗花报春各自聚在一起外,其余种均不能完全区分开.研究结果更支持将偏花报春归为灯台报春组,而粉报春组和脆蒴报春组均与其它报春组间差异较明显.聚类可以区分龙池居群与康定、木格措和理塘居群,但不能区分后三者,可见不同生态地理类型对报春花遗传多样性影响较大. 相似文献
18.
利用RAPD标记进行桉树杂交亲本遗传变异的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用RAPD分子标记技术分析了尾叶桉和细叶桉各10个杂交亲本的遗传变异。结果表明,14个随机引物共扩增产生143条谱带,其中在亲本间呈多态性的谱带88条（占61．5％）,包括在两个种间呈多态性而在种内无多态性的谱带18条（占12．6％）。尾叶桉和细叶桉两个类群间遗传距离的平均值及其变幅分别为0．365和0．218～0．544：尾叶桉种内个体间遗传距离的平均值及其变幅分别为0．267和0．175～0．338,细叶桉种内个体间遗传距离的平均值及其变幅分别为0．258和0．119～0．378。利用亲本间的遗传距离进行聚类分析,20个亲本可以明显地分为尾叶桉组和细叶桉组,各组有其特征谱带,可以将尾叶桉和细叶桉识别开。试验结果为开展分子标记辅助的桉树杂交亲本选配和杂种子代表现预测奠定了基础。 相似文献
19.
Burcu Çengel Yasemin Tayanç Gaye Kandemir Ercan Velioglu Murat Alan Zeki Kaya 《New Forests》2012,43(3):303-317
To test how efficiently plantations and seed orchards captured genetic diversity from natural Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subspecies pallasiana Holmboe) seed stands, seed sources were chosen from 3 different categories (seed stands (SS), seed orchards (SO) and plantations
(P)) comprising 4 different breeding zones of the species in Turkey. Twenty-five trees (mother trees) were selected from each
SS, SO and P seed sources and were screened with 11 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Estimated genetic diversity
parameters were found to be generally high in all Anatolian black pine seed sources and the majority of genetic diversity
is contained within seed sources (94%). No significant difference in genetic diversity parameters (numbers of effective alleles,
% of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity) among seed source categories was found, except for a slight increase in observed
heterozygosities in seed orchards. For all seed source categories, observed heterozygosity values were higher (Ho = 0.49 for SS, 0.55 for SO and 0.49 for P) than expected ones (He = 0.40 for SS, 0.39 for SO and 0.38 for P) indicating the excess of heterozygotes. In general, genetic diversity in seed
stands has been transferred successfully into seed orchards and plantations. However, the use of seeds from seed orchards
can increase the amount of genetic diversity in plantations further. The study also demonstrated that number of plus-tree
clones (25–38) used in the establishment of seed orchards was adequate to capture the high level of diversity from natural
stands. 相似文献