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柱型苹果叶片的解剖学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用常规的石蜡切片法,对苹果品种舞姿(柱型)、短枝富士、普通富士以及舞姿×短枝富士的实生后代的叶片结构进行解剖比较研究。结果表明,柱型苹果在叶片总厚度和栅栏组织厚度上明显有别于其他2种类型,表现为:柱型>短枝型>普通型;柱型苹果的海绵组织厚度与其他2种类型无显著差异。普通型苹果的叶片栅栏组织细胞一般排列成2层,其栅栏组织与海绵组织的厚度比值小于1;而柱型和短枝型的栅栏组织细胞通常排列成3层或4层,其栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值大于1,而且,随着矮化程度的加强,栅栏组织细胞层数和栅/海比有增加趋势。 相似文献
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樱桃不同节位叶片光合特性与解剖特征比较研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
以3个甜樱桃栽培品种佐藤锦、斯坦勒和那翁为试材,研究了新梢不同节位叶片光合速率(Pn)变化及叶绿素(Chl.)和比叶重(SLW)对其的影响。分析了不同品种叶片解剖结构与Pn的关系。结果表明:樱桃枝条不同叶位叶片的Pn呈单峰曲线变化,枝条中上部的叶片Pn较大,且有较高的稳定性,叶片发育和生理成熟度以及环境因素的影响是Pn出现单峰变化的重要因素;Chl.含量随着叶片的发育而增加,叶片成熟后,叶片Chl.含量与Pn之间不存在相关关系;不同叶位叶片SLW与Pn表现显著正相关;樱桃不同品种间叶片气孔密度、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比值与Pn存在极显著正相关。 相似文献
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猕猴桃叶片耐旱性指标研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择中华猕猴桃与美味猕猴桃共７个品种，对耐旱性的形态与生理指标进行了分析测定。结果表明：与耐旱性较弱的品种相比，耐旱性较强的品种有较大的叶片厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度；栅栏组织／海绵组织比较高，气孔密度较大，束缚水／自由水比例较高，表明品种耐旱性较强；干旱条件下，耐旱性较强的品种叶片游离脯氨酸累积率较高。 相似文献
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Potato single nodes were cultured in vessels containing MS medium supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose. Vessels were closed with a clear polypropylene lid with or without 10 mm microporous polypropylene membrane. Sucrose concentration significantly increased plantlet height, shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll a content. Plantlets grown in ventilated vessels were significantly shorter, had lower shoot fresh weight and higher shoot dry weight than those in non-ventilated vessels. The highest leaf chlorophyll a content (21.83 mg/g fresh weight) was found in plantlets grown in ventilated vessels using MS medium with 20 g/l of sucrose, whereas those grown on medium with 10 g/l of sucrose had the highest chlorophyll b content (24.00 mg/g fresh weight). Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher when plantlets were grown in ventilated vessels containing medium with 10 or 30 g/l sucrose than in non-ventilated vessels. There was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content among plantlets grown in ventilated vessels with different concentrations of sucrose. Stomatal density was significantly lower when plants were grown under ventilated conditions. Leaf replica examination showed that stomata under non-ventilated condition were spherical with wide openings whereas, those in ventilated vessels were elliptical with narrow openings. Plantlets grown in non-ventilated vessels had thinner leaves and failed to build up a distinct defined upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma layer and spongy cells. On the other hand, leaves under ventilated conditions showed comparatively well organized layers with small intercellular space. The vascular system of leaves under the ventilated conditions demonstrated very well developed xylem unlike leaves under non-ventilated conditions. Thus, ventilated vessels with the 20 g/l of sucrose under ambient CO2 in the growth room could successfully promote photomixotrophic culture and produce healthy plantlets. 相似文献
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矮牵牛耐盐的形态结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对矮牵牛的茎、叶形态结构进行了研究,以探索矮牵牛耐盐的结构本质,为耐盐植物选育及盐碱滩涂资源的利用提供参考.结果表明:矮牵牛茎腺毛密度可达到19个/mm,为叶腺毛密度的4倍多,腺毛长度在200～300μm之间,顶端细胞具有分泌细胞的特点.表皮细胞排列紧密,角质层厚度达4～9 μm.茎中皮层和髓比例较大,维管束排列紧密,导管密集.叶栅栏组织有2～3层柱状细胞,为海绵组织厚度的1.3倍.叶片有较大的气孔下室,气孔密度小,在44～69个/mm2之间.这些形态结构有利于矮牵牛适应盐渍干旱环境,是矮牵牛耐盐的基础. 相似文献
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亮叶忍冬与蔓生紫薇叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过石蜡切片法对亮叶忍冬,蔓生紫薇叶片的解剖结构进行了观察,并对叶片厚度、主脉厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、第1层栅栏组织细胞密集度、栅栏组织厚/海绵组织厚、栅栏组织/叶肉组织、上下表皮厚度等抗旱性结构指标上进行检验比较,方差分析。结果表明:亮叶忍冬,蔓生紫薇在水分胁迫下,叶片的解剖结构与对照在叶片厚度、主脉的厚度等抗旱性指标上均极显著变薄,而栅栏组织与叶肉组织比、栅栏组织与海绵组织比、第1层栅栏组织密集度上,2种处理及与对照均没有显著差异;亮叶忍冬、蔓生紫薇2种植物间叶片的解剖结构在各抗旱指标上表现出极显著的差异,其抗旱性为亮叶忍冬蔓生紫薇。 相似文献
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Y. Burger A. Schwartz H. S. Paris 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):635-640
SummaryLeaf silvering is a physiological disorder of marrows, Cucurbita pepo, exacerbated by drought. Silvered leaves had spaces between the upper epidermis and the mesophyll cells and within the mesophyll. The palisade cells were smaller and spongy mesophyll cells fewer. Completely silvered leaves contained 14% less chlorophyll per unit leaf blade area than green leaves. The rate of photosynthesis decreased as severity of silvering increased. The rate of photosynthesis was about 30% lower in the completely silvered than in the green leaves at saturating and above-saturating light and CO2. The results suggest that in silvered plants the CO2 absorption mechanism has been affected. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to study the association between leaf anatomical characteristics and response to short-term drought stress in Ziziphusmauritiana Lamk. Six Z. mauritiana cultivars (Seb, Gola, Umran, Keitly, Q-29 and B-5/4) under field conditions in Israel's Negev desert were studied. Width of palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and epidermis, xylem number and diameter in mid-vein were investigated with light microscopy. Short-term (3 weeks) drought stress tolerance was evaluated by monitoring plant response (leaf transpiration, diffusive resistance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential and leaf relative water content). Greater epidermis and mesophyll widths and xylem diameters and densities were associated with increased tolerance to short-term water deficit expressed by preliminary wilting symptoms and proportional differences between initial and final physiological parameters. Significantly larger differences were found in Keitly, Umran and B-5/4 than in Seb, Gola and Q-29, indicating that the former cultivars are more sensitive to drought stress. Our results indicate that tolerance in descending order was Seb, Q-29, Gola, B-5/4, Keitly and finally Umran. The existence of an association between anatomical characteristics and short-term drought stress tolerance based on physiological responses is suggested. 相似文献
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K. A. Clayton-Greene J. Reynolds D. C. Ferree 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):679-687
The effect of six orchard management systems on the display of leaves in the canopies of apple trees was compared. Canopies which are strongly formalized through the use of trellises can change the way leaves are orientated. Small differences in leaf angle, leaf orientation, and dispersion (variation in angles and orientations) were found between free standing and trellised trees. These differences were consistent for two cultivars, Granny Smith and Starking Delicious, although stronger for the latter. Leaves from freestanding open canopies have a wider variety of angles and orientation that those from trellised canopies. Changes in leaf orientation did not appear to relate to changes in spectral composition which was similar for all canopies. A tentative claim for evidence of phototropism by leaves in some parts of some canopies is also made. 相似文献
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Fruit quality characters were analysed in the sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat, Van, Tragana and Mpakirtzeika, harvested from low (39–59 m), medium (216 m) or high (490–546 m) elevation sites. The effects of storage for 2 or 4 days at 2 °C and 1 day at 20 °C on the fruit antioxidant contents were also evaluated. Tragana and Mpakirtzeika had greater fruit fresh weight (FW) and total soluble solid content compared to Van and Burlat, the latter being the most red colored. Tragana and Burlat had greater total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity, measured by DPPH extinction, compared to Mpakirtzeika and Van (mean values 204.4 mg vs. 103.7 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g−1 FW, and 176.1 mg vs. 79.3 mg ascorbic acid equivalent 100 g−1 FW, respectively). The geographic elevation had a marked influence on the cherry antioxidant content in all studied cultivars, apart from Van, with high elevation orchards producing cherries with greater contents of antioxidant compounds compared to lower elevation orchards. Changes in the antioxidant contents during storage were depended on the cultivar and some times on the orchard elevation. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with total phenolic content in Tragana, Burlat and Mpakirtzeika, but not in Van; nevertheless this was not the case during storage. 相似文献
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By using the leaves with attached intercalary meristems from greenhouse grown stock plants, five cultivars of Cryptanthus were cultured on modified MS media with 4.5 μM NAA and IBA and 3 μM BA to induce adventitious shoot formation from callus tissue. Contamination was 17–21% for explants taken from stock plants which were sprayed weekly with Agribrom and 27–75% for those taken from stock plants which were not treated. More than 99% true to type plantlets were obtained from non-chimeric plants. Green and albino plantlets were obtained from chimeric plants. The chimeric C. ‘Coster's Favorite’ DeCoster also produced a few chimeric plantlets with intermarginal pink stripes in addition to the green and albino plantlets. Most of the non-chimeric plants took a shorter time to produce plantlets of transplantable size (8–12 mm) than the chimeric ones. Except for albino plantlets, survival rate of plantlets exceeded 95%. A minimum average of 500 rooted plantlets can be obtained in a year from a single well-callused leaf explant. The protocol in this report should speed up the mass production and introduction of desirable new cultivars and hybrids of non-chimeric Cryptanthus. 相似文献
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K. Chartzoulakis I. Therios B. Noitsakis 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):605-611
Diurnal changes of incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs) and water use efficiency (WUE), together with a number of environmental factors, were measured on individual leaves at well exposed and shaded positions within the canopy for four cultivars of kiwifruit (Actinidia sinensis, P.). Pn and E rates were'much lower in the shaded leaves for all cultivars due to extremely low PPFD values reaching these leaves. Cs followed a trend similar to that for Pn. Exposed leaves showed a significantly higher WUE in the morning, while no difference was observed between exposed and shaded leaves around midday. Specific leaf weight (SLW) was lower in shaded leaves, which had a greater chlorophyll content than exposed leaves. 相似文献
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蓝莓叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为用叶片解剖结构指标评价蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)的抗旱性提供科学依据,并为蓝莓抗旱性品种的选育提供便捷有效的方法,测定分析了蓝莓8个品种的7项与抗旱性相关的叶片解剖结构指标,分别为叶片主脉直径、叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度和气孔密度。方差分析结果显示,8个品种在每项叶片解剖结构指标上总体差异均为极显著。对各品种进行了两两之间的单因素多重比较,筛选出叶片厚度、上表皮厚度和上表皮角质层厚度3项主要指标,并用隶属函数值法对8个品种的抗旱性大小排序为:园蓝>阳光蓝>梯芙蓝>灿烂>密斯黛>南月>布里吉塔>蓝鸟。 相似文献
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以抗病品种G087和感病品种G025为试材,研究了大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素对大蒜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量及叶片解剖结构的影响。结果表明：在大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素处理后120 h内,抗病品种和感病品种叶片SOD活性呈现一致的变化趋势,均在96 h达到峰值,但抗病品种SOD活性始终高于感病品种。随着大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素处理时间的延长,感病品种叶片POD和PAL活性均呈先持续升高后稍下降的趋势,均有1个峰值|而抗病品种叶片POD和PAL活性均出现2个峰值,POD活性的2个峰值分别出现在48 h和96 h,PAL活性的2个峰值分别出现48 h和120 h|抗病品种酶活性的最大峰值高于感病品种。在大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素处理后的大部分时间内,抗病品种叶片MDA含量低于感病品种。抗病品种叶肉组织结构比感病品种紧密|经大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素处理后,两个品种叶片栅栏组织及海绵组织的密度都比处理前增加,抗病品种叶肉组织结构比感病品种更加紧密。 相似文献
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用PP333处理巨峰葡萄扦插苗,结果表明:土壤施用量为0.5g a.i./m~2时32天后极显著地延缓地上部生长,施用量为1.0g a.i/m~2时,只需15天。根际施用能促进根系发育,增强根的活性和提高根冠比。盛花期或花后3周叶面喷布3000ppm或6000ppm的PP333均能抑制当年或第二年的新梢生长,并增加单枝花序数、果枝比率和产量,但1987年产量降低,用500、1000和2500ppm的PP333在盛花期进行叶面喷布,除2500ppm处理外均不能有效地抑制新梢生长,所有的处理均能够使产量增多,叶片增厚,果穗增重,单位叶面积的叶绿素含量和比叶重(SLW)增加。解剖学观察表明:叶片虽然变厚,但栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度比并未变化,叶面喷布增加了果穗的紧密度,小果粒比例略有增高;果实着色晚,着色差;这可能是由于果实可溶性固形物下降造成的。 相似文献
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