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1.
为分析中、韩、俄沿海刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)种质遗传结构,本研究采用SSR指纹图谱技术对中国青岛、烟台,韩国浦项、群山、木浦,俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克的不同刺参群体进行遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建。结果显示,13个微卫星座位的平均观测杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.47和0.80。13个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)为0.465(AJ06)~0.909(AJ09),除AJ06为中度多态性(0.250.50)。单个位点的等位基因数(A)为10(AJ06)~34(AJ07),平均等位基因数为19.4个。各位点的有效等位基因共83.8个,各位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.7(AJ06)~11.8(AJ09),平均有效等位基因数为6.5。各群体遗传多样性分析结果显示,8个群体的PIC指数为0.6392(韩国木浦)~0.7122(中国青岛),说明相应群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。构建的DNA指纹图谱可将所采集的8个群体区分开。遗传结构分析结果显示,8个刺参群体分配到3个自由交配群中,与UPGMA聚类分析结果相一致。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,中国青岛、烟台群体与韩国木浦黑参群体聚为一支,俄罗斯刺参群体、韩国浦项黄参群体、韩国群山黑参群体和韩国浦项黑参群体聚为一支,而韩国浦项红参群体作为外群,单独聚为一支。刺参分群及聚类分析表明,不同群体的遗传结构及遗传分化情况不仅与地理位置相关,还与刺参体色有一定的相关性。本研究结果可为刺参种质资源保护及不同地理种群刺参的鉴别提供技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,243(1-4):103-111
Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were used to investigate one common population and two selected hatchery populations of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. All of the 10 microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 76 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3.67 to 8.67. The average of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.610 to 1.000, and from 0.536 to 0.821, respectively. A total of 14 unique alleles were found in common population, and 3 unique alleles each were found in susceptible and resistant populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.14 for Po35 to 5.60 for Po91. The number of genotypes ranged from 5.33 for Po56 to 12.33 for Po1. Compared with the common population, the two selected hatchery populations, susceptible and resistant, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus, a smaller number of low-frequency alleles, and a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes, all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity. Intentional or accidental release of selected Japanese flounders into natural sea areas might result in disturbance of local gene pools and loss of genetic variability. So, it is needed to monitor genetic variability of selected hatchery populations for the conservation of natural Japanese flounder resources. 相似文献
3.
采用FIASCO(Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences Containing Repeats)方法构建了仿刺参基因组富集CA微卫星序列的基因组短片段文库,筛选得到118条微卫星DNA序列。根据重复单元的排列特点,完美型共83个,占70.4%;非完美型共30个;占25.4%;复合型标记5个,占4.2%。选取其中20条微卫星序列设计引物进行多态性检测,并利用这20对引物对采自中国、韩国(西海岸及东海岸)、俄罗斯和日本沿海的野生仿刺参以及美国沿海的具疣拟刺参进行遗传多样性水平和遗传结构分析。结果表明,所设计的20对引物的扩增产物均具有多态性,其中16个位点为高度多态(PIC>0.5)。遗传多样性分析结果显示,20个微卫星座位的平均观察杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.39和0.69,共检测到231个等位基因(102个有效等位基因),在每个座位上获得3～20个等位基因,平均等位基因数为11.6个,20个位点在6个群体中不同程度偏离遗传平衡(P<0.05),所有群体在整体上均表现为杂合子缺失(Fis>0);5个仿刺参群体间的遗传相似系数在0.71以上,相似性较高,而仿刺参群体与具疣拟刺参的相似性则较低。聚类分析结果表明,中国群体与韩国西海岸群体聚类成一支,而俄罗斯群体、韩国东海岸群体和日本群体聚类成另外一支,聚类的先后与它们在地理分布上的海域位置有一定的相关性。 相似文献
4.
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is a commercially important species in Korea. However, overfishing in the 1990s caused a strong decline in catch, and in
response, artificially cultured juveniles have been released annually to enhance the stocks. Cod fishing has recently increased
in Korea, and the variation within the cod population necessitates the study of their genetic characteristics. In this study,
we utilized two newly developed and eight previously reported microsatellite markers to examine the genetic characteristics
of Pacific cod populations. We compared the genetic diversity and genetic structure of three cod populations from the Korean
coasts with three populations from the North Pacific Ocean. Genetic differences were identified in the eastern sea cod population
from Korea. These genetic differences included a large number of alleles per locus, a large number of unique alleles, higher
frequencies of the most common alleles, and lower gene diversity compared to the other Korean populations. Additionally, the
eastern sea cod population was genetically significantly differentiated from the southern and western sea populations in Korea,
in which no significant genetic differentiation was detected (F
ST = 0.033 and 0.031, respectively, P < 0.005). 相似文献
5.
仿刺参的微卫星标记 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
为了评价种质资源及基础生物学研究的需要，本文开发了仿刺参的微卫星标记。NCBI数据库中共有20个含有仿刺参微卫星的序列，从中选取8个设计引物，发现6个微卫星位点有多态性。不同的引物获得的等位基因数为3～9个不等，6个位点共获得了31个等位基因，每个位点平均获得5．2个等位基因。6个位点的平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0．3611，平均期望杂合度（He）为0．6402。位点AJMS004提供的多态性信息含量值较低，为0．4862；其他5个位点均在0．5以上。另外，还尝试了红海参（Parastichopus californicus）微卫星标记在仿刺参的通用性。实验结果表明，在较高的退火温度下，5对引物均能扩增仿刺参的基因组DNA并具多态性。5个位点共获得了22个等位基因，每个位点平均获得4．4个等位基因。5个位点的平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0．1733，平均期望杂合度（He）为0．4201。其中位点Psc2的多态性信息含量值最高，为0．8500。 相似文献
6.
为了加强良种选育工作,切实做好亲本遗传管理,防止近交衰退的发生,利用20个微卫星分子标记对白梭吻鲈(Sander lucioperca)新疆野生群体及山东和苏州2个养殖群体的遗传结构进行检测。结果表明,20个微卫星标记中18个有扩增产物,14个呈现多态性;每个位点的等位基因数为2~6个,平均等位基因数为3.6个,3个群体的平均等位基因数为2.57~3.36,平均观测杂合度为0.5085~0.5621,平均多态性信息含量为0.3931~0.4764,表明3个白梭吻鲈群体的遗传多样性处于中等偏低水平,遗传多样性大小为:新疆群体苏州群体山东群体。群体的Fst为0.1798,表明群体间有一定的遗传分化。在白梭吻鲈人工繁殖与养殖过程中,必须加强亲本遗传结构监测并维持一定数量的亲本规模,以利于其产业的持续发展。 相似文献
7.
Genetic variation of wild and cultured populations of the Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate 1888) using microsatellites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The microsatellite DNA technique was used to detect the genetic variations between wild and cultured populations of Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate 1888. All the six microsatellite loci screened in this study showed high polymorphism for their PIC (0.6701–0.8989), which was much more than the standard value of 0.5. A total of 73 alleles were observed over six loci from 93 shrimps. The mean number of allele locus ranged from 9.83 (cultured) to 11.83 (wild). The number of effective alleles varied from 6.86 (cultured) to 8.58 (wild). The average of observed heterozygosity (Ho) of populations varied from 0.6935 (cultured) to 0.7370 (wild), and that of expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.8169 (wild) and 0.8209 (cultured). Tests of Hardy–Weinberg showed that these loci deviated significantly or highly significantly in one or both populations. Compared with the wild population, the cultured population showed little reduction in genetic variation. The total number of alleles (71, 59) was not significantly (P=0.296) different between wild and cultured populations. The paired‐samples t test of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity implied that there was no significant difference (P=0.572 and 0.891 respectively) between wild and cultured populations. However, some rare allele loss might have occurred in the cultured population. A total of 14 unique alleles were found in the wild population, but only two unique alleles were observed in the cultured population. Therefore, there is a need to monitor genetic variability of cultured population, and to improve the hatchery program for the conservation of wild Kuruma prawn resources. 相似文献
8.
根据前人FIASCO方法构建的三疣梭子蟹微卫星富集文库,对含微卫星的DNA序列设计了71对引物并对其进行了多态性筛选,筛选出21对多态的微卫星引物,对三疣梭子蟹1个野生群体的30个个体进行遗传多样性检测,同时对引物进行评价。21个位点共获得了188个等位基因,平均每个位点扩增得到8.9个等位基因。不同引物获得的等位基因数差异较大,从3～13个不等,其中Pot8、Pot37、Pot48、Pot53、Pot54、Pot66六个位点分别获得了11、12、12、11、13、11个等位基因,而Pot46仅获得了3个等位基因。等位基因的大小分布在131～312bp,基本符合引物设计时理论产物长度。21个微卫星位点的期望杂合度的范围为0.659～0.889,PIC值均高于0.5,表明它们都有很高的杂合度,均可用于三疣梭子蟹种群遗传结构分析,为三疣梭子蟹品种选育、种系评估提供更多的微卫星DNA信息。 相似文献
9.
用微卫星DNA技术对中国对虾人工选育群体遗传多样性的研究 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
利用微卫星技术对中国对虾人工选育群体第1代和第6代群体的遗传多样性进行了分析。对10个微卫星位点进行了扩增,共产生74个等位基因,每个位点产生的等位基因数从3到13不等。在两个群体中,所观察到的等位基因数都比有效等位基因数多。多态信息含量PIC值0．5567～0．8877,说明这10个微卫星位点在中国对虾中具有较高的信息含量。两个群体的平均杂合度分别为0．6400(CP1)、0．6300(CP6),并通过计算基因型的P值,确定了对Hardy-Weinberg平衡的偏离情况。对Fis值的计算表明两个群体内共有5个微卫星位点存在杂合度观察值过剩的现象。两个群体的Shannon多样性指数分别为1．6830、1．7382,整个选育群体(两个群体作为一个群体)的遗传多样性指数为1．7742。从遗传多样性所占的比例来看,96．415％的遗传变异是来自群体内,只有3．585％的遗传变异是来自群体间。两个群体间的相似性系数高达0．9187,彼此间的遗传距离仅为0．0848,体现出人工选育群体的遗传分化程度较低。结果均说明第6代群体还有较大的选育潜力,可以继续保持遗传效应,最终保证选种育种工作的成功。 相似文献
10.
采用微卫星标记分析技术,用5个多态性的微卫星标记对来自3个不同国家（中国、日本和韩国）的牙鲆养殖群体进行了遗传多样性研究。研究结果表明,3个牙鲆群体平均等位基因在4．8～5．6之间,平均观测杂合度（H0）在0．3917～0．5643之间,平均期望杂合度（HE）在0．5981～0．6264之间。有多个位点在不同的群体中偏离哈代-温伯格平衡。遗传距离分析表明,中国群体与日本群体遗传距离最近,韩国群体与日本群体遗传距离最远。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明,群体内遗传变异与群体间遗传变异分别占总遗传变异的92．44％和7．56％,固定系数（R）为0．0752（P〈0．001）,表明牙鲆3个养殖群体遗传分化显著。 相似文献
11.
云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记在两种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类群体间的适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用微卫星DNA-聚合酶链式反应(STR-PCR)技术对已开发的14对云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotrismarmorata)微卫星标记在线纹尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris lineolatus)和河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)群体间进行通用性分析。结果显示,14对云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记在线纹尖塘鳢群体均能扩增出特异性条带,在河川沙塘鳢群体中也有10对引物可稳定扩增,其中9对在线纹尖塘鳢群体中具有高度多态性,6对在河川沙塘鳢群体中具有高度多态性。通过这10对通用微卫星标记检测3个种群的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.344 9,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.704 3,平均多态信息(PIC)含量为0.536 9。同时获得3个有着较高的通用性微卫星位点(H27、H142和H97),平均PIC值均大于0.5,具有高度多态性,在3种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类中具有较高的通用性,这3个位点在3种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类之间共检测得到6～22个不等的等位基因,并获得1个可以用于鉴别沙塘鳢科与塘鳢科特异基因型的等位基因位点(H97)。因此,通过已开发的云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记来获得适用相近物种的微卫星标记是可行的。 相似文献
12.
采用磁珠富集法,以生物素标记的(CA)10寡核苷酸为探针,构建了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)基因组微卫星富集文库。根据微卫星位点的侧翼序列设计引物,随机挑选扩增出与预期大小相符的32对引物,引物荧光标记后对24个三角帆蚌个体分别进行PCR扩增,共筛选出20对多态性较好的引物。结果表明,20个微卫星位点的等位基因数为5～20,有效等位基因数2.321 3～13.260 3。观察杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.318 2～1.000 0和0.582 5～0.946 1;PIC值0.547 2～0.919 9;其中14个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。本研究筛选的20个微卫星标记可作为三角帆蚌遗传多样性、种群遗传结构等研究的理想分子标记。 相似文献
13.
14.
Nibea albiflora is a commercially important fish species in China. Herein we report 16 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in Nibea albiflora by using the 5′ anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The characteristics of these loci were estimated by using a sample of 30 individuals. A total of 79 alleles were detected with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to nine. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values for the 16 microsatellite loci ranged from 0.3131 to 0.7910. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.2333 to 1.000 and from 0.3452 to 0.8421, with an average of 0.7248 and 0.6592, respectively. Four loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0031), and no significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found. This study provides useful information for studies on genetic diversity and structure, construction of genetic linkage maps of N. albiflora, and effective management of this fish resource. 相似文献
15.
通过分析栉孔扇贝BAC末端序列,发现大量微卫星DNA;随机选择14个多态性BES-SSR标记,在我国栉孔扇贝大连群体(DL)和青岛群体(QD)中验证标记的可用性,同时对这两个群体的遗传结构及其分化进行研究。结果表明,从17447条BESs中得到微卫星3374个,以四核苷酸重复为主(26.6%),五核苷酸重复次之(17.7%),六核苷酸重复最少(12.0%)。BES-SSR引物的扩增效率为77.3%(99/128),在作图亲本中的多态比例为33.6%(43/128),14个基因座在两群体中的平均等位基因数Na分别为18.9286和26.2143,平均有效等位基因数Ne为11.7505和17.0891,平均观察杂合度Ho为0.5100和0.4204,平均期望杂合度He为0.9156和0.9450,多态信息含量PIC分别为0.8940和0.9302,群体遗传多样性水平较高。两群体间的无偏遗传相似性系数为0.4879,遗传距离为0.7177,平均基因分化指数FST为0.0243,基因流Nm为10.0179,显示群体间遗传分化程度较弱,遗传变异主要来自于群体内个体之间,经Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验,两群体普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。研究表明,所开发的BES-SSR是高度多态位点,用于群体遗传多样性分析效果很好,显示BES是微卫星标记开发和应用的重要资源。 相似文献
16.
仿刺参自然群体和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星标记研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用微卫星DNA技术对仿刺参自然群体和养殖群体遗传多样性进行了研究。在经过筛选的9个座位中,每个座位检测到的等位基因数为4～12个。自然和养殖群体中,有效等位基因平均数分别为6.5556和5.8889,观测杂合度的平均值分别为0.6416和0.5635。根据群体中各座位等位基因频率计算出两群体间的遗传相似度为0.7970、遗传距离为0.2269。对两群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现,两群体在某些位点都出现了杂合子缺失现象,特别是养殖群体在位点Psj2022,其Hardy-weinberg遗传偏离指数达0.5164。结果表明,与自然群体相比,仿刺参养殖群体存在杂合度降低,遗传多样性下降的现象,这可能与人工养殖过程中,亲本群体较小,引起近交机会增加有关。应制定相应的渔业生产和管理措施加以保护,以使仿刺参养殖持续健康发展。 相似文献
17.
One of the challenges for the culture of any species is to control the loss of genetic variability, which may result in a decrease in the quality of commercially important traits. The goal of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of a hatchery population of the Pacific abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai ) from the Center for Abalone Production of the Universidad Católica del Norte (CAP-UCN) that is maintained under a breeding programme. We used six polymorphic microsatellite markers within the cultivated population. The loci Awb033 and Awb079 had the highest number of alleles (11 and 10 respectively) and the loci Awb022 and Awb026 the lowest (two and four respectively). The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.83. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.71 and 0.70, respectively, and the average F IS ( f ) index was −0.023. We compared the population genetic parameters of the CAP-UCN population with previously published data of wild and hatchery populations of the same species. Results indicate lower genetic diversity estimated as allelic richness in the introduced population with a loss of 11–58% alleles per locus. Despite the high allelic loss, the estimated inbreeding coefficient suggests that the breeding programme carried out in the CAP-UCN has controlled and maintained heterozygosity levels successfully. A temporal study is necessary to determine whether the genetic diversity loss detected was caused during the initial introduction of breeders or to the breeding programme actually implemented. 相似文献
18.
3个仿刺参地理种群遗传变异的微卫星DNA分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
运用微卫星DNA技术对仿刺参烟台群体、威海群体、大连群体的3个野生群各20个个体进行了遗传分析。对9个基因位点进行了扩增,共获得了59个等位基因。评估了9对微卫星引物的多态信息含量(PIC),范围在0.5129~0.8794之间。结果表明:3个野生群体的平均杂合度观测值分别为0.6416、0.6595、0.5824,平均杂合度期望值分别为0.7641、0.7161、0.7364;在Hardy-Weinberg平衡条件下,进行了P检验,发现3个群体均有位点发生了显著偏离;对3个群体进行了配对Fst值计算,发现3个群体之间遗传分化较弱。从变异贡献率来看,95.68%的变异来自个体之间,4.32%的变异来自群体之间。经过聚类分析,发现威海群体和大连群体之间亲缘关系较近,烟台群体与前两群体亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
19.
为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。 相似文献
20.
以乌江流域中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为材料,构建了中华倒刺鲃微卫星富集文库。以乌江彭水电站所采集的32个个体的基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,结果筛选出8个多态性微卫星位点,其等位基因数4~10,多态信息含量0.6072~0.8515;观测杂合度0.5625~1.0000,期望杂合度0.6791~0.8795,Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡偏离指数-0.2009~0.3805;卡方检验结果表明,3个位点不同程度地偏离了Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡(P<0.05);各位点两两之间不存在显著的连锁不平衡现象。 相似文献