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1.
美洲大蠊Na+ -K+ -ATPase 作为筛选靶标的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
以美洲大蠊(Perip lanata am ericana) 雄性成虫的中枢神经系统为试材, 对Na+ -K+ -A TPase 作为农药筛选靶标进行了初步研究, 表明Na+ -K+ -A TPase 活力测定的最适反应条件是: 酶源蛋白浓度815 μg/m L , 温度30℃, pH7.4, 反应时间15min。同时以最佳反应系统初步研究了几种拟除虫菊酯(南开菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴灭菊酯、氰戊菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、胺菊酯) 对Na+ -K+ -A TPase 离体活性的影响, 结果显示出不同程度的抑制作用。并对其用作农药筛选靶标的可能性进行了探讨。  相似文献   

2.
以棉铃虫 H elicoverpa armigera和亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis为试虫 ,建立 Na+- K+-ATPase最佳反应系统 ,研究典型光活化毒素 α-三噻吩 (简称 α- T)对 Na+- K+- ATPase的影响。棉铃虫 Na+- K+- ATPase活力最佳测试条件为酶源蛋白浓度 6μg/ m L ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,反应时间6min;亚洲玉米螟则为酶源蛋白浓度 8μg/ m L,反应温度 35℃ ,反应时间 6min。近紫外光照 (30 0～4 0 0 nm )对棉铃虫和亚洲玉米螟离体 Na+- K+- ATPase活力基本没有影响 ,但对活体活力有很强的抑制作用。光照和无光照条件下 ,α- T对两种昆虫离体和活体 Na+- K+- ATPase活力均有不同程度的抑制作用。光照组 α- T对亚洲玉米螟 Na+- K+- ATPase的抑制率高于无光照组 ,且处理浓度或剂量越高 ,其抑制率越大 ;对棉铃虫 Na+- K+- ATPase抑制作用不显著  相似文献   

3.
为进一步探讨杀虫植物砂地柏Sabina vulgaris Ant.精油中主要杀虫活性成分—松油烯-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol)对卫生害虫的生物活性,测定了该物质对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens Pallens及其Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:松油烯-4-醇对淡色库蚊具有较强的熏蒸作用,其LC50值为6.79 mg/L, 在LC80剂量下其击倒中时(KT50)为6.92 min;淡色库蚊Na+,K+-ATP酶活性测定的最佳反应条件为pH值7.42、温度35.5℃、底物浓度0.7 mmol/L;离体和活体情况下,松油烯-4-醇均可显著抑制淡色库蚊Na+,K+-ATP酶的活性,其I50值为32.02 μg/mL。Na+,K+-ATP酶可能是松油烯-4-醇对淡色库蚊的杀虫作用靶标。  相似文献   

4.
为寻找防治枸杞蚜虫的适用药剂,采用玻璃管药膜法,测定了4种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力及对其三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活性的影响。结果表明:枸杞蚜虫对联苯菊酯最敏感,LC50值为4.34 mg/L;氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯的LC50值分别为17.08、40.50和184.84 mg/L。4种杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫两种ATPase活性均有抑制作用,药剂浓度为1×10-4mol/L时,4种药剂对Na+-K+-ATPase活性的抑制率均高于对Ca2+-M g2+-ATPase的抑制率,其中对Na+-K+-ATPase活性的抑制率从高到低依次为:联苯菊酯高效氯氰菊酯氯菊酯甲氰菊酯,而对Ca2+-M g2+-ATPase的抑制率则是联苯菊酯最高(46.41%),高效氯氰菊酯最低(33.04%)。4种药剂对枸杞蚜虫GSTs活性的影响差异较大:联苯菊酯在低浓度时对GSTs具有诱导作用,高浓度时则表现为一定的抑制作用;不同浓度高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯对GSTs活性均表现为抑制作用,抑制率最高达85.02%;而甲氰菊酯处理后GSTs的活性则升高了193.07%~249.96%。  相似文献   

5.
为明确食用菌培养液对农药污染物的降解活性,运用液相色谱-串联质谱仪 (LC-MS/MS) 和超高效液相色谱仪-附带二级阵列管检测器 (UPLC-PDA) 技术,测定了乐果、啶虫脒、高效氯氟氰菊酯和多菌灵4种农药在糙皮侧耳液体培养基中的降解动态及随漆酶活性变化情况。结果表明:4种农药在培养液中残留降解动态符合一级动力学模型,高效氯氟氰菊酯、多菌灵、乐果和啶虫脒的降解半衰期分别为2.93、4.38、11.83和14.01 d,降解速率由高到低为高效氯氟氰菊酯 > 多菌灵 > 乐果 > 啶虫脒。灭菌后培养液中漆酶活性消失,农药降解速率降低。在1 h和4 h时,粗酶液浓度越高,农药降解率越大,4种农药的降解率与漆酶活性符合ExpDec1型函数关系。本研究证实了糙皮侧耳培养液对4种农药的降解具有促进作用,初步揭示了漆酶具有降解农药的活性,为糙皮侧耳降解农药资源开发提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

6.
由于农用化学品存在靶标有限性和耐药性等问题,新靶标的开发成为农药研发的重中之重。几丁质是昆虫表皮和真菌细胞壁的主要组成成分,具有重要的生物学功能。几丁质脱乙酰酶(chitin deacetylase, CDA)可将几丁质脱乙酰化为壳聚糖,这一过程除了影响昆虫体壁和真菌细胞壁的形成外,还可调控昆虫的生长发育或决定病原菌的致病性。越来越多的研究表明,CDA有望成为新农药创制的候选靶标。本文介绍了CDA作为作物保护潜在靶标的研究进展,主要综述了当前不同来源CDA的生化功能、晶体结构、酶与底物的结合模式和以及近年来已报道的以CDA为靶标的抑制剂的研究进展,可为以几丁质脱乙酰酶为靶标的抑制剂的筛选以及新型农药的开发提供指导。  相似文献   

7.
氨基酸-农药耦合物能够改善母体农药的内吸传导性，提高农药的使用效率，减少因没有到达靶标造成的浪费及对环境的污染。本研究以天然产物大黄酸为先导化合物、以β-氨基丁酸为导向基团，设计、合成了4个目标化合物，并检测了其对6种植物病原菌的抑菌活性，以及对小麦植株苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响及在蓖麻幼苗中的韧皮部传导性。结果表明，化合物4b (浓度0.5 mmol/L)不仅对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kühn具有一定的抑制活性(菌丝生长抑制率为53.5%)，而且具有诱导抗性(持效期近7 d)和韧皮部传导性(渗出液浓度为15.1μmol/L)。该研究为兼具内吸传导性和诱导抗性杀菌剂的开发提供了新思路。  相似文献   

8.
农药雾滴在吊飞昆虫不同部位的沉积分布初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
飞翔的昆虫对农药雾滴不只是被动的接收靶体,它对不同粒径的雾滴有一定的选择捕获能力。作者在试验风洞中初步研究了粗雾滴、细雾滴两种喷雾方法在模拟昆虫靶标和吊飞活体粘虫靶标上沉积分布情况。结果表明:靶体形状对雾滴沉积有很大影响,雾滴在尖细靶标(触角、腿)上沉积量(μg/cm~2)远高于粗大靶标(体);农药雾滴在吊飞昆虫上的沉积量一半在翅上;雾滴粒径对其在靶标上沉积分布有很大影响,同样施药剂量下,吹雾法(43μm)药剂在吊飞粘虫上的沉积量是常规喷雾法(181μm)的1.49倍。  相似文献   

9.
对中国农药信息网 (http://www.icama.org.cn/) 上登记的21种三唑类杀菌剂的信息进行分析,选择出单剂登记推荐有效成分用量差异大、离群高值点数多的8种杀菌剂 (三唑酮、丙环唑、三唑醇、粉唑醇、烯唑醇、戊唑醇、腈菌唑和氟环唑),分别从登记的农药剂型、作物、防治靶标等方面对其以单剂登记的推荐有效成分用量进行统计分析,从中进一步筛选出推荐有效成分用量差异大、离群高值点数较多的3种有效成分 (戊唑醇、氟环唑和丙环唑)、4种登记作物 (草坪、香蕉、香蕉树和小麦) 和3种登记防治靶标 (褐斑病、叶斑病和白粉病) 进行组合,并对目前已登记的10种“有效成分-作物-靶标”组合进行数据分析。结果发现:1) 丙环唑防治草坪褐斑病的推荐有效成分用量最高 (936.00 g/hm2),且推荐有效成分用量差异数值最大 (180.00~936.00 g/hm2);2) 氟环唑防治香蕉叶斑病的离群高值点数最多,且推荐有效成分用量差异最大 (62.50~450.00 g/hm2);3) 在防治小麦白粉病上,戊唑醇的推荐有效成分用量差异值最大 (51.60~262.50 g/hm2),且离群高值点数最多。为减少农药用量,建议在田间防治作物病害时,优先选择推荐有效成分用量较低的农药品种 (包括推荐有效成分用量更低的农药剂型和生物活性更高的农药有效成分)。另外,针对同一种农药制剂产品,建议不同厂家能统一确定合理的推荐有效成分用量。未来农药登记时将在农药最低有效剂量研究的基础上,针对不同作物的特定防治靶标提出更加科学、合理的推荐有效成分用量,为农药的合理减施提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
多种农药残留经膳食暴露途径进入人体后,其联合毒性的潜在风险通常超过单一农药。为探明农药多残留的联合暴露毒性,采用经典MTT (噻唑蓝) 比色法,测定了阿维菌素、啶虫脒、多菌灵、百菌清、毒死蜱、高效氯氟氰菊酯、咪酰胺和三唑磷8种农药多种组合方式联合暴露下对HepG2人肝癌细胞增殖的抑制活性。结果表明:联合暴露24 h后,不同种类农药组合对HepG2细胞存活率的影响存在较大差异,随着组合农药质量浓度升高,部分组合对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制效应分别呈现S型变化和线性变化。例如,二元组合 (多菌灵+高效氯氟氰菊酯) 在0~10.00 mg/L、三元组合 (多菌灵+阿维菌素+高效氯氟氰菊酯) 在0~24.12 mg/L、四元组合 (三唑磷+高效氯氟氰菊酯+多菌灵+阿维菌素) 在0~47.46 mg/L以及五元组合 (毒死蜱+阿维菌素+啶虫咪+高效氯氟氰菊酯+三唑磷) 在0~62.80 mg/L暴露条件下其抑制效应表现为S型变化,即随着组合农药质量浓度增大,细胞存活率先迅速降低,之后则缓慢降低;二元组合 (多菌灵+百菌清) 在0~8.46 mg/L、三元组合 (毒死蜱+啶虫脒+多菌灵) 在0~39.97 mg/L、四元组合 (多菌灵+高效氯氟氰菊酯+百菌清+阿维菌素) 在0~25.92 mg/L以及六元组合 (啶虫脒+毒死蜱+三唑磷+多菌灵+高效氯氟氰菊酯+阿维菌素) 在0~57.48 mg/L暴露条件下其抑制效应表现为线性变化,即随着组合农药质量浓度升高,细胞存活率呈线性降低。本研究对农产品中农药多残留的体外细胞毒性进行了评估,明确了不同农药多残留组合对HepG2人肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用剂量-效应关系,可为进一步探索农药多残留的细胞毒性机制和开展食品安全风险评估提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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