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1.
Nasab K. Rawashdeh Nasri I. Haddad Mohamad M. Al-Ajlouni Munir A. Turk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):129-138
Durum wheat landrace genotypes are disappearing from the main wheat areas in Jordan, because of spreading of new uniform cultivars
and the serious reduction in wheat cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in durum wheat landraces
from Jordan and to identify desirable agronomic traits. Landraces were collected from two target areas: Ajloun and Karak.
The collected material was grown under rainfed conditions using an augmented design with five blocks and four repeated check
cultivars. Data were collected for 14 morphological and agronomic traits. Phenotypic diversity index (H′) was estimated, and
the relationships among accessions were measured using cluster analysis and dendrogram similarity matrix. The results revealed
the presence of a wide range of variability among landraces., which possess high levels of variability for biological yield,
fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, seed weight per spike and weight of 1000 seeds. These landraces must be considered
as a reservoir of genes that plant breeders need in their wheat improvement programs and should be conserved both ex situ and in situ. 相似文献
2.
T. Pradeepkumar J.L. Karihaloo Sunil Archak Ambika Baldev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(5):469-475
RAPD analysis was conducted in 22 cultivars of P. nigrum(black pepper) from South India and one accession each of P. longum and P. colubrinum. Twenty-four primers generated 372 RAPD markers of which 367 were polymorphic. Jaccard's similarity between pairs of accessions ranged between 0.11 and 0.66 with a mean of 0.38. Among P. nigrum cultivars, the similarity ranged between 0.20 and 0.66 and the mean was 0.42. The existence of wide genetic diversity as revealed in the present study is supported by earlier reports of extensive inter- and intrapopulation morphological variability in pepper cultivars from South India. UPGMA dendrogram and PCO plot revealed P. colubrinum to be most distant of the three species. Genetic proximity among P. nigrum cultivars could be related to their phenotypic similarities or geographical distribution. Greater divergence was observed among landraces than among advanced cultivars. Landraces grown in southern parts of coastal India and those grown in more northern parts were grouped in separate clusters of the dendrogram. 相似文献
3.
The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition at the Glu-1 complex loci, in 23 old original wheat genotypes cultivated in Slovakia several decades ago and 32 modern Slovak and Czech wheat cultivars growed in Slovakia at present were studied by SDS-PAGE. Some of the HMW-GS – subunit pairs 3+12, 17+18, and subunit 20, present in old historical wheats were missing in modern cultivars utilized in Slovakia nowadays. There were observed 15 different HMW-GS encoded by 11 alleles or allelic pairs in old genotypes. Lower number of different HMW-GS and competent alleles were observed in a set of modern wheat cultivars – 11 different HMW glutenin subunits encoded by 8 alleles or allelic pairs. The same number of different HMW-GS patterns was revealed in both sets of wheats. From the point of view of genetic variability, it could be concluded that long-term effort of breeders and decreasing of cultivation of landraces and old cultivars are associated with the loss of several HMW-GS alleles and decreasing of genetic variability of wheats. Molecular characterization can reveal broad allelic variability of old wheat genotypes and landraces. Their maintenance in genetic resource collections can prevent losses of these interesting genes. 相似文献
4.
Edita Gregová Jiří Hermuth Ján Kraic Ladislav Dotlačil 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):867-871
The endosperm storage protein of 46 European wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and obsolete cultivars have been fractionated by SDS-PAGE to determine the composition of high molecular weight
glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition. It has been discovered that about 46% of the wheats were heterogeneous, comprising
2–11 different glutenin profiles. Eighteen of them were observed to be homogeneous. A total of 13 HMW-GS alleles, including
3 at the Glu-A1, 8 at the Glu-B1, and 3 at the Glu-D1 loci were revealed. HMW-GS null controlled by locus Glu-A1, subunits 7 + 8 by Glu-B1, and 2 + 12 by Glu-D1 predominated. However low frequented alleles such as 17 + 18, 20, 6, and 7 were observed. Furthermore, other new alleles
encoding HMW-GS at the locus Glu-B1 have been found in one of France cultivar (Saumur d’Automne). The glutenin-based quality score ranged from 4 to 10. 相似文献
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Mohammed S. Ali-Shtayeh Rana M. Jamous Munqez J. Shtaya Omar B. Mallah Imad S. Eid Salam Y. Abu Zaitoun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):7-22
Genetic diversity in 50 snake melon accessions collected from Palestine (West Bank) was assessed by examining variation in 17 phenotypic characters. These accessions belonged to four important landraces of Cucumis melo var. flexuosus: Green “Baladi” (GB), white Baladi (WB), green Sahouri (GS), and white Sahouri (WS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram were performed to determine relationships among populations and to obtain information on the usefulness of those characters for the definition of cultivars. PCA revealed that secondary fruit skin color, flesh color, primary fruit skin color, and secondary skin color pattern were the principal characters to discriminate melon accessions examined in the present study. According to the scatter diagram and dendrogram, landraces of C. melo var. flexuosus: GB, WB, GS, and WS formed different clusters. However, based on Euclidean genetic coefficient distances, GB and WB had the least degree of relatedness with GS and WS, indicating distantly related landraces (Baladi and Sahouri). On the other hand, the highest degree of relatedness was detected between WS on one hand, and both GS and WB on the other indicating closely related cultivars. Fruit traits variability among the different snake melon landraces was evaluated and discussed in this study. This evaluation of fruit trait variability can assist geneticists and breeders to identify populations with desirable characteristics for inclusion in cultivars breeding programs. 相似文献
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Ganka Ganeva Victor Korzun Svetlana Landjeva Zaprjanka Popova Nikolai K. Christov 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(2):273-285
The genetic diversity in a Triticum durum Desf. collection, consisting of 102 Bulgarian landraces, nine Bulgarian and 25 introduced cultivars was studied using 14
highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 100 alleles were identified, with an average of 7.14 alleles per marker.
The gene diversity values (He) of the markers for the total samples ranged from 0.23 (WMS357 and WMS631) to 0.77 (WMS46),
with an average of 0.52. Within the landraces that were collected from 18 sites in Southern Bulgaria showed 2–11 alleles per
locus with an average of 6.07. The microsatellite analysis suggests that the genetic diversity among landraces is lower compared
to the diversity levels for durum wheat in countries close to the main centers of wheat domestication. Breeding activities
have caused significant reduction of the allelic polymorphism, elimination of rare alleles, and increase in the number of
common alleles and the frequency of dominating alleles. 相似文献
10.
新疆小麦地方品种资源HMW-GS的遗传多样性组成分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确新疆小麦地方品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的遗传多样性,并为小麦品质改良提供基础材料,利用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE) 技术,分析了源自新疆地区的282份小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。结果表明,在Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点上的等位变异分别为3、6和 5种,三个位点上的优势亚基依次为null、7+8和2+12,其频率分别是75.5%、90.8%和72.0%。在Glu-1位点共检测到20种亚基组合,其中(null, 7+8, 2+12)组合的频率最高,为52.8%, 其次是(null, 7+8, 2.6+12)和(2*, 7+8, 2+12)组合,其频率分别为14.1%和11.0%,其它亚基组合的频率均低于10%。另外,在Glu-D1位点上还检测到一个新的亚基2.6+12。在供试的282份新疆地方品种中发现了两份具有优质亚基组合的材料,它们的亚基组成为(2*, 7+9, 5+10)和(1, 7+9, 5+10),这些地方品种可作为改良小麦品质性状的重要遗传资源。 相似文献
11.
Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Wheat Landraces from Oman Investigated with SSR Markers 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
P. Zhang S. Dreisigacker A. Buerkert S. Alkhanjari A. E. Melchinger M. L. Warburton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1351-1360
Little is known about genetic diversity and geographic origin of wheat landraces from Oman, an ancient area of wheat cultivation.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic relationships and levels of diversity of six wheat landraces
collected in Oman with a set of 30 evenly distributed SSR markers. The total gene diversity, (HT), conserved in the three durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.) landraces (HT = 0.46) was higher than in the three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces (HT = 0.37), which were similar to Turkish and Mexican bread wheat landraces calculated in previous studies. Genetic variation
partitioning (GST) showed that variation was mainly distributed within rather than among the durum (GST = 0.30) and bread wheat (GST = 0.19) landraces. Based on modified Rogers’ distance (MRD), the durum and bread wheat landraces were distinct from each
other except for a few individuals according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). One bread wheat landrace (Greda) was
separated into two distinct sub-populations. A joint cluster analysis with other landraces of worldwide origin revealed that
Omani bread wheat landraces were different from other landraces. However, two landraces from Pakistan were grouped somewhat
closer to Omani landraces indicating a possible, previously unknown relationship. Implications of these results for future
wheat landrace collection, evaluation and conservation are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Total 65 lotus accessions in genus Nelumbo mainly collected from China, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate the genetic diversity
and to test the genetic basis of the relationships between morphotypes and molecular markers. Seventeen primers generated
a total of 195 highly reproducible and discernible loci, among which 173 were polymorphic. Percent polymorphism varied from
66.7 to 100 with an average of 88.72, and five primers out of them, OPC05, OPG10, OPN20, OPP09 and OPS17, showed 100% polymorphism.
A relatively high genetic diversity was detected among all the samples with the similarity coefficient values ranging from
0.45 to 0.85, and Nei’s gene diversity (h) 0.30, and Shannon index (I) 0.46. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered 65 accessions in four clusters and the clustering pattern showed two groups, N. nucifera ssp. nucifera and those accessions related to the American lotus, and some special cultivars, landraces, hybrids and the American lotus.
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that the genetic diversity of Nelumbo accessions was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a clustered distribution pattern. Similar to the results
revealed by the dendrogram, two main groups representing the two subspecies of N. nucifera, as well as some special landraces, cultivars of Chinese lotus, the Japanese lotus and hybrids out of the two groups were
obtained. Neither the UPGMA dendrogram nor the PCA analysis exhibited strict relationship with geographic distribution and
morphotypes among the accessions. 相似文献
13.
S. Louarn A. M. Torp I. B. Holme S. B. Andersen B. D. Jensen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1717-1725
Fifty-nine Brassica oleracea cultivars, belonging to five botanical varieties, were evaluated for microsatellite (SSR) polymorphisms using 11 database
sequence derived primer pairs. The cultivars represented 12 broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), ten Brussels sprouts (B. o. var. gemmifera), 21 cabbage (B. o. var. capitata, including the groups white and red cabbage), six savoy cabbage (B. o. var. sabauda), and ten cauliflower (B. o. var. botrytis) cultivars from 13 seed suppliers. The 11 primer pairs amplified in total 47 fragments, and differentiated 51 of the cultivars,
whereas the remaining eight cultivars were differentiated from the rest in four inseparable pairs. All SSR markers, except
one, produced a polymorphic information content (PIC value) of 0.5 or above. The average diversity for all markers within
the tested material was 0.64. There was no major difference in the diversity within botanical varieties and groups. The cluster
analysis and the resulting dendrogram showed that the cultivars tended to group within these taxonomic units. The present
study substantiates the use of microsatellite markers as a powerful tool for cultivar differentiation and identification in
vegetable brassicas. 相似文献
14.
The genetic diversity and the relationships among a collection of Brassica napus L. European populations were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The study included 33 accessions of
B. napus collected from Galicia (northwestern Spain) and 18 British cultivars, 16 accessions of B. napus and two accessions of Brassica oleracea L. used as controls. DNA from 25 individuals per population was analyzed using 18 decamer primers. One hundred thirty-eight
amplification products were scored of which 105 were polymorphic. These bands ranged in size from 350 to 2500 base pairs.
Similarity coefficients and cluster analysis were computed and six groups were obtained. Cluster I was the largest and included
all the landraces from northwestern Spain, except two accessions that grouped separately into Clusters III and IV, respectively.
A low level of genetic variability was detected among the B. napus Spanish genotypes, while considerable diversity was present among the British ones, which grouped into three groups, two
main clusters and one group formed by one accession. Cluster II included all commercial varieties grown in Great Britain whereas
Cluster V grouped local varieties maintained by the growers for many years. Cluster VI was a singularity formed by one entry.
British accessions of B. oleracea had the greatest dissimilarity with all the other populations and grouped separately in Clusters VII and VIII. As conclusion,
B. napus landraces used in northwestern Spain as leafy-green vegetable probably have an independent origin from B. napus crops grown in other European regions. Besides, separate domestication in northwestern Spain and Great Britain for a different
end use might have led to two distinct gene pools. 相似文献
15.
Marc Moragues Jorge Zarco-Hernández Ma Angeles Moralejo Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):993-1002
The genetic diversity of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits of 63 durum wheat landraces from different geographical
regions in the Mediterranean Basin was studied using SDS-PAGE. Great variability in glutenin composition was found, with 42
high and low molecular weight glutenin haplotypes, 20 allele combinations at the HMW-GS loci, and 18 at the LMW-GS. All five possible LMW models were detected in all Mediterranean regions. Rare alleles were found at Glu-B1 locus in high frequencies and a priori related alleles to grain quality were also observed. Global genetic diversity index was relatively high (0.67); it ranged
from 0.33 to 0.66. Cluster analysis on the frequency patterns of origins grouped genotypes following a geographical structure.
Rogers’ distance coefficient on frequency pattern for each region of origin showed two germplasm pools with distinct quality
profiles, where South West Asian landraces were very different from the landraces of other Mediterranean areas. The relationship
between different regions of origin is discussed and two possible ways of introduction of wheat in the Iberian Peninsula (N
Africa and SE Europe) are hypothesized. The use of Mediterranean durum wheat landraces as source of genetic variability for
grain quality improvement is highly recommended. 相似文献
16.
Edita Gregová Jiří Hermuth Ján Kraic Ladislav Dotlačil 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(6):569-575
The objective of this study was to determine the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of landraces and obsolete cultivars. Altogether glutenin profiles of 67 European wheats were analyzed by sodiumdodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nineteen of them were observed to be homogeneous, whereas 48 (71%) were heterogeneous in glutenin profiles. Heterogeneous accessions possessed from 2 to 9 different glutenin phenotypes. Seventeen high molecular weight (HMW)-glutenin subunits have been found, three belonged to Glu-1A, 11 to Glu-1B, and three to Glu-1D locus. The most frequented HMW-GS at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 complex loci were 0, 7+9, and 2+12, respectively. However, allele low frequented in wheat such as 13+16, 20, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were observed also. Furthermore, other new alleles encoding HMW-GS at the locus Glu-1B with relative molecular weight 120 and 104 kDa have been found in one of the line of the Swedish cultivar Kotte. TheGlu-1 quality score in the examined accessions varied broadly with some lines reaching the maximum value of 10. 相似文献
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山西小麦品种资源醇溶蛋白组成的遗传变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用A-PAGE技术,比较分析了近40年来山西小麦育成品种、外引品种与地方品种在醇溶蛋白组成上的差异,从而揭示山西小麦品种醇溶蛋白的遗传变异。结果表明：山西育成品种与外引品种比地方品种醇溶蛋白谱带数目分别增加了2.1和1.5条。在70条迁移率不同的谱带中,26条从地方品种到育成品种出现频率明显增加,23条明显降低,其余的21条变化规律不明显;分区来看,与地方品种比较,育成品种ω区谱带数目及谱带出现频率的增减变化最大,其次是γ区,β和α区变化最小。同时发现16.5和19.1为双联带,12.9、15.7、17.8为三联带,二者都在ω区但总不同时出现。对3种类型品种的遗传差异分析发现,地方品种间的平均遗传距离明显大于其他2类品种;聚类分析也发现,大多数地方品种、山西育成品种或外引品种总是分别聚在同一亚类,表明地方品种与山西育成品种和外引品种之间编码醇溶蛋白的基因位点存在较大差异,同时也说明近40年来山西育成品种之间、外引品种之间醇溶蛋白的遗传变异水平不高。 相似文献
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Temporal variation of diversity in Italian durum wheat germplasm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Giovanni Figliuolo Mariarosaria Mazzeo Ivana Greco 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):615-626
The aim of this work is to analyse the temporal change of genetic diversity in Italian durum wheat germplasm. The germplasm
deployed in this study (158 accessions), belonging to 5 different historical classes, was characterised for its microsatellite
and gliadin markers. The level of genetic diversity (He), based on gliadin and SSR markers results – on average – greater in indigenous landraces present in Italy before 1915, with
the exception of pure line material which had been selected from landraces (showing highest level of heterozigosity for gliadin
markers). Genotypes obtained from crosses or mutagenesis (referring to the 1950–1960 period) along with those resulting from
crosses between CIMMYT lines and old materials (1970s and beyond) were also genetically more diverse. Forty-nine percent of
indigenous landraces were genetically heterogeneous. Nine out of 53 landrace accessions were able to capture 4 different SSR
private alleles. It is speculated that the reduction of allele richness is an indicator of the genetic erosion of the pre-breeding
germplasm and it is pointed out that the implementation of appropriate methods of genetic conservation of this germplasm is
a priority for breeding and food safety. 相似文献