共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
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<正>背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana woodiana)隶属软体动物门、双壳纲、蚌科、无齿蚌属,俗称菜蚌、河蚌、湖蚌、蚌壳、无齿蚌、圆蚌等,广泛分布于我国各省的江河、湖泊、水库、沟渠及池塘中。背角无齿蚌产量较高,是我国常用的淡水育珠蚌之一,具有较好的经济价值。近年来贝类自然资源不断减少,遗传多样性被破坏,而精子超低温冷冻保存技术能为珍稀物种和重要经济种类基因资源的长期保存提供有效技术手段,在繁殖生物学、遗传育种和种质资源保护等方面具有重要意义,尤其可作为克服因繁殖 相似文献
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随着现代遗传育种理论和生物技术的不断发展与创新,水产育种技术也开始从传统的选择育种、杂交育种技术,逐渐向与分子标记辅助育种、细胞工程育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种、性别控制、基因转移以及基因编辑等现代分子辅助育种技术相结合的方向发展。虽然,我国水产种业已经形成并蓬勃发展,但仍存在良种覆盖率低、研究深度不够等问题和挑战。本文在国内外研究的基础上,重点综述了棘皮动物(海参和海胆)的种质资源概况、水产养殖育种新技术及在经济棘皮动物中的应用,并对海参、海胆养殖业提出了建议,以期为合理开发我国经济棘皮动物种质资源提供参考,推动水产养殖业绿色发展。 相似文献
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我国北方棘皮动物主要有刺参和海胆两类.刺参属棘皮动物门,海参纲,楣手目,刺参科, 仿刺参属,是我国北方唯一的经济价值最高的海参.刺参体内有粘多糖、胶原蛋白等. 相似文献
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为研究适用于乌克兰鳞鲤精子的超低温冷冻保存方法,分析比较3种稀释液[Hank′s、Cortland、Freezefish冻精稀释液,精子与每种稀释液均设置3种比例(1∶1、1∶3、1∶5)]及3种体积分数为10%的抗冻剂(二甲基亚砜、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇)对乌克兰鳞鲤精子低温(4 ℃)保存活力的影响;运用筛选出的冷冻保护液及稀释比例,分析比较3种“3步冷冻法”以及3种解冻温度(20、30、40 ℃)对乌克兰鳞鲤精子活力的影响。试验结果表明,采用Hank′s作为稀释液,10%二甲基亚砜为抗冻剂,精子与稀释液比例为1∶3,平均降温速率为12 ℃/min,解冻温度为30 ℃时,精子活力最高(>68%)。通过对稀释液、抗冻剂、稀释比例、降温速率和解冻温度的层层筛选,建立了适宜乌克兰鳞鲤精子超低温冷冻保存的方法,在其种质保护方面具有重要意义,为开展其他鱼类精子超低温冷冻保存提供参考。 相似文献
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棘皮动物因其富含蛋白质、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸和其他生理活性物质,有较高的食用及药用价值,是我国一类重要的水产经济动物,需求日益提升,因此,发展棘皮动物养殖研究及其产业化十分紧迫。微藻富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、类胡萝卜素和丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸等营养物质,在新型水产饲料资源开发中备受关注。微藻作为幼体动物的鲜活饵料,在促进幼体生长、提高存活率方面显著优于人工饵料,在棘皮动物养殖中也得到广泛应用。本文对近年来微藻及其生物活性物质在经济棘皮动物(海参和海胆)养殖中的应用及研究进展进行概括总结,首次围绕微藻在经济棘皮动物生长、发育、变态过程中的作用以及微藻饵料在经济棘皮动物养殖中的应用进行综述,概括了经济棘皮动物养殖常用微藻种类,分析了微藻对海参、海胆脂肪酸组成以及免疫功能的影响,对经济棘皮动物养殖中存在的问题进行探讨并提出建议,以期为我国海参、海胆养殖业的发展提供参考。 相似文献
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十足目甲壳动物精子冷冻保存 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杂交育种、种质优选、雌核发育及物种保护等研究都要涉及到精液冷冻保存。精液的长期保存 ,可以保证基因长时间的稳定性 ,能以较少的时间和空间保证精子的供应 ,没有季节限制 ,也不需较高的饲养亲本的花费 ,大大提高了选择育种的可行性。和其他水生生物大量精子冷冻研究相比 (Ｍｉｓｔｕｔｏｓｈｉ,2 0 0 0 ) ,甲壳动物精子冷冻保存研究很少 ,主要集中在十足目甲壳动物。虽然十足目甲壳动物最近在养殖上越来越重要 ,但其精子冷冻保存技术依然很少(Ｃｈｏｗ ,1985 ;Ａｎｃｈｏｒｄｏｇｙ等 ,1988;Ｊｅｙａｌｅｃｔｕｍｉｅ和Ｓｕｂ ｒａｍｏ… 相似文献
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Cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrate semen: a review 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
J-C. Gwo 《Aquaculture Research》2000,31(3):259-271
Research on cold storage and cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrate spermatozoa is reviewed in this paper. A few studies are available on the cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrate semen. These have been limited to echinoderms (sea urchin, sand dollar and starfish), molluscs (oyster and abalone), polychaetes and crustacea (shrimp and crab). In fact, only about 30 species have been investigated to date, and research has been primarily concentrated on the spermatozoa of the oyster. Although aquaculture of decapod crustaceans has become very important, information on sperm biology is limited, and sperm preservation techniques are sparse. The sperm of decapod (shrimp and crab) crustaceans are aflagellate and non‐motile, and eggs are not readily available. One of the main reasons for the problems in the cryopreservation of crustacean sperm is considered to be the lack of reliable viability evaluation. Conclusions and new avenues of future research are proposed. 相似文献
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Simulation modelling of high‐throughput cryopreservation of aquatic germplasm: a case study of blue catfish sperm processing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Emerging commercial‐level technology for aquatic sperm cryopreservation has not been modelled by computer simulation. Commercially available software (ARENA, Rockwell Automation, Inc. Milwaukee, WI) was applied to simulate high‐throughput sperm cryopreservation of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) based on existing processing capabilities. The goal was to develop a simulation model suitable for production planning and decision making. The objectives were to: (1) predict the maximum output for 8‐h workday; (2) analyse the bottlenecks within the process, and (3) estimate operational costs when run for daily maximum output. High‐throughput cryopreservation was divided into six major steps modelled with time, resources, and logic structures. The modelled production line processed 18 fish and produced 1164 ± 33 (mean ± SD) 0.5‐mL straws containing one billion cryopreserved sperm. Two such production lines could support all hybrid catfish production in the United States and 15 such lines could support the entire channel catfish industry if it were to adopt artificial spawning techniques. Evaluations were made to improve efficiency, such as increasing scale, optimizing resources, and eliminating underutilized equipment. This model can serve as a template for other aquatic species and assist decision making in industrial application of aquatic germplasm in aquaculture, stock enhancement, conservation and biomedical model fish. 相似文献
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中国国家级水产种质资源保护区分布格局现状与分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近十年来,中国开展了国家级水产种质资源保护区体系建设,已在包含湖泊、水库、河流、河口和海洋等不同水域先后建成523处保护区。根据国土类型、水域类型、地理分区、行政区划、水系或海域划分等对国家级水产种质资源保护区进行统计分析,表明现有国家级水产种质资源保护区存在水域类型分配、空间布局和主要保护对象设置等方面的不足。内陆水域保护区数量远多于海域保护区数量,而河流型保护区平均面积则显著小于海洋型保护区平均面积,各类型保护区布局有待优化;内陆水域水产种质资源保护区主要分布在中东部以及长江、黄河、黑龙江、淮河、珠江等流域,西南和华南地区相关水系分布较少,保护区空间分布有待改善;黄颡鱼、鳜、翘嘴鲌、鲤、中华鳖等物种被30处以上保护区设为主要保护对象,尚有69种国家级重点保护经济水生动植物未被国家级水产种质资源保护区作为主要保护对象,保护区主要保护对象设置的合理性有待加强。国家级水产种质资源保护区总体上经历了"从无到有、从有到多"的过程。面对生态文明建设的新形势和新要求,国家级保护区建设必须从数量增长型向质量优化型转变。对存在的不足,需要研究与水产种质资源保护相适应的管理对策,制定发展规划与生态红线,达到资源保护与利用的协调发展,以实现国家级水产种质资源保护区的优质、健康发展。 相似文献
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Addressing Reproducibility in Cryopreservation,and Considerations Necessary for Commercialization and Community Development in Support of Genetic Resources of Aquatic Species 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 For the past six decades a repeated cycle of developing new cryopreservation protocols or simply reinventing them to counteract a lack of reproducibility has led to hundreds of published studies that have offered little to the establishment of a genetic resources community for aquatic species. This has hampered repository development and inhibited industrial application. Most protocols were developed without standardized approaches, leading to irreproducible studies and questionable or meaningless comparisons. Thus cryopreservation of germplasm in aquatic species would greatly benefit from strategies to facilitate reproducibility. Our objectives were to: (1) identify major sources of irreproducibility across research, small‐scale, repository, and commercial‐scale development levels; (2) provide recommendations to address reproducibility challenges; and (3) offer suggestions on how researchers can directly influence commercial development and application of cryopreservation research. Sources of irreproducibility include lack of standardized procedural approaches, lack of standardized terminology, and lack of reporting guidelines. To address these challenges, we propose implementation of standard operating procedures, support of stock centers and internet content for development of training programs, and strengthening of the role of scientific journals and reviewers in reducing the frequency of irreproducible outcomes. Reproducibility is the foundation for quality management programs and product reliability, and therefore, standardization is necessary to assure efficient transition to commercial‐scale application and repository development. Progress can only be possible through community‐based approaches focused on coalescence and consensus of disparate groups involved in aquatic species cryopreservation and management of genetic resources. 相似文献
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鱼类配子和胚胎冷冻保存研究进展及前景展望 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：25
种质资源是水产养殖生产、优良品种培育及水产养殖业可持续发展的重要物质基础。我国是一个水生生物种质资源较为丰富的国家 ,丰富多样的水生生物种质资源和遗传多样性对于我国水产养殖业的快速发展起到了非常重要的作用。然而 ,由于渔业资源的过度捕捞、无序利用及人工放流等 ,造成了某些鱼类资源的衰退和濒临灭绝 ,如不及时采取保护措施 ,若干年后 ,在自然界中将难以找到上述鱼类原种、良种的遗传资源 ;由于忽视鱼类种质保护及品种选育的工作 ,养殖鱼类近亲交配越来越严重 ,造成种质退化 ,遗传多样性减少 ,生长速度减缓 ,品质下降 ,对病害… 相似文献
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High‐throughput Cryopreservation of Sperm from Sex‐reversed Southern Flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E Hu Rafael Cuevas‐Uribe Huiping Yang Robin Sanderson Adriane O. Gill Harry Daniels Terrence R. Tiersch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(4):555-565
The Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is a valuable aquaculture fish with established markets in the USA. All‐female production in this species is an important technology for aquaculture because the females usually have body sizes twice those of males at the same age, and sex‐reversed males (genotypic XX neomales) are used for all‐female production by crossing with genetically normal females. However, sperm volume from the neomales is usually small (<0.5 mL) and limits their application for all‐female fish production. Cryopreservation of sperm from these sex‐reversed neomales will provide access on demand with increased efficiency to extend the application of neomales. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for cryopreservation of sperm from the Southern flounder by using an automated high‐throughput processing system. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of osmolality on activation of sperm motility; (2) evaluate the effect of extender solutions on sperm motility capacity; (3) evaluate the acute toxicity of cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol) on sperm motility, and (4) estimate the effect of cooling rate on sperm cryopreservation and post‐thaw fertilization. Sperm motility was activated when osmolality was 400 mOsmol/kg or higher. Of the three extender buffers tested, HEPES4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at 300 mOsmol/kg resulted in better protection for sperm motility than did Hanks' balanced salt solution and Mounib solution at 300 mOsmol/kg during 7 d of refrigerated storage. After 30 min equilibration with the cryoprotectant of 15% DMSO, sperm motility was 24 ± 21% (fresh sperm motility without any cryoprotectants was 42%). After cooling at a rate of 20 C/min, post‐thaw sperm motility was 8 ± 5% and fertilization was 63 ± 40% evaluated at the 32–64 cell stage (5 × 105 sperm per egg). Overall, a protocol was developed for sperm cryopreservation in the Southern flounder with high‐throughput processing, which provides a tool to preserve the valuable genetic resources from neomale flounders, and enables germplasm repository development for the Southern flounder. 相似文献
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Design and Cost Analysis of a Self‐contained Mobile Laboratory for Commercial‐scale Aquatic Species Cryopreservation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 William M. Childress Rex H. Caffey Terrence R. Tiersch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(5):805-826
Although aquatic species cryopreservation protocols have been studied around the world over the past 60 yr., germplasm repository development efforts and commercialization have begun only recently. The goal of this project was to develop a self‐contained mobile laboratory for on‐site high‐throughput cryopreservation of aquatic species. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify how a mobile laboratory would function in different operational scenarios, (2) customize an enclosed cargo trailer to function as a mobile laboratory, (3) evaluate the laboratory layout and ability of cryopreservation equipment to operate from generator power, and (4) document the investment costs for private and public groups to integrate a mobile laboratory into an existing cryopreservation facility at three levels of automation and estimate the total cost per trip based on hypothetical assumptions for two scenarios (aquaculture production and repository development). There were three operational designs identified for the mobile laboratory: (1) self‐contained work inside the unit using generator power, (2) work inside the unit using external facility power, and (3) using the equipment inside of a host facility. The investment costs for a base‐level mobile laboratory ranged between US$5670 and US$5787 for private groups and between US$5208 and US$5315 for public groups. With the addition of a range of automated processing equipment, total investment costs ranged from US$13,616 to US$103,529 for private groups and US$12,494 to US$94,891 for public groups. The total cost per trip to cryopreserve sperm of 59 blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, males to produce 6300 0.5‐mL French straws was estimated to range from US$6089 to US$14,633 for private and between US$5703 and US$16,938 for public groups depending on the level of automation. Total cost per trip to cryopreserve sperm of 500 males of five different species in the genus Xiphophorus to produce 641 0.25‐mL French straws was estimated to range from US$6653 to US$7640 for private and US$7582 to US$8088 for public groups depending on level of automation. Overall, a commercial‐scale mobile laboratory was developed that can assist current germplasm activities and support future repository and industry development, and the layout information provided can help others to design and build comparable units. 相似文献