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1.
小陇山国家级自然保护区油松群落生态位研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文中采用样方调查法,对研究区内油松群落中主要种群的Shannon-Weinner多样性指标及Lev-ins生态位宽度、生态位重叠值和生态位相似比例等进行了分析。结果表明:1)油松群落中油松的生态位宽度最大为0.9827,槲树的生态位宽度最小为0.1582;2)优势种油松与其他物种的生态位重叠值在0.06～0.1之间,反之在0.01～0.05之间,说明油松群落的生态位重叠值不大,群落中因利用相同的资源位而产生的种间竞争并不激烈,是一个稳定的森林群落;3)生态位相似比例大于0.5的有9对,占20%,其物种间生态位相似比例值一般较低,反映其主要物种利用资源的相似程度较小。但是生态位宽度较大的物种之间的生态位相似性比例仍较高,如油松与甘肃山楂、锐齿栎的生态位相似性比例分别为0.5209、0.5320。 相似文献
2.
新疆玛纳斯麻黄生态保护区植物群落特征及其多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度的7个测定指数,对玛纳斯平原林场麻黄生态保护区植物群落的物种多样性研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,中麻黄、百刺、蛇麻黄和骆驼蓬等物种有较高的重要值,而草本植物的重要值较低;麻黄种群在样地中属优势种,且进一步发展的趋势明显,减少人为干扰,麻黄种群自然恢复较快。 相似文献
3.
在北屯绿洲选择了3组不同年限的次生盐渍化弃耕农田,分别计算了样地内每种植物的重要值,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数测定了生物多样性.结果表明:3组群落组成存在显著差异,优势种更替明显.3组群落构成依次为,一年生草本、一年生草本 多年生小半灌木、多年生草本 灌木.物种多样性表现为2年群落＞5年群落＞13年群落;群落均匀度表现为2年群落＞5年群落,而5年与13年群落相当,但是生态优势度却表现出与物种多样性相反的趋势,即2年群落＜5年群落＜13年群落. 相似文献
4.
科尔沁沙地榆树疏林草地物种多样性及乔木种群空间格局 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
应用多样性指数对科尔沁沙地榆树疏林草地的物种多样性进行了研究,并用空间格局指数测定了乔木种群的分布格局。结果表明,灌木层多样性较低,而草本层物种多样性较高。在生活型功能群中,一、二年生草本处于优势地位,多年生草本具有稳定群落的效应;在生态功能群中,旱生、中生植物占有主体优势,但在群落中又存在植物功能互补效应。乔木种群的分布格局呈现出聚集分布,在其发育过程中具有不同的动态变化特征,即幼苗、幼树阶段为聚集分布,到了成树阶段为随机分布。 相似文献
5.
不同防沙工程措施对海岸带沙地植被恢复和土壤养分的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用群落物种多样性特征值和生物量分析了福建海岸带不同防沙工程措施中沙地植被的两种恢复过程,即网格草地恢复:厚藤群落,鬣刺+海边月见草+海滨蟛蜞菊群落,鬣刺+厚藤+海滨蟛蜞菊群落;平台草地恢复:绢毛飘拂草+海边月见草+厚藤群落,丁葵草+厚藤+海滨蟛蜞菊群落,矮生苔草+绢毛飘拂草+马缨丹群落。生活型为匍匐草本或草质藤本的物种较其它生活型的物种能更好的适应海岸带沙地环境。两恢复过程中,植被的群落物种丰富度和多样性指数都表现为先增大后减小的n形变化趋势。在网格草地恢复中,网格设置与匍匐草本厚藤促进了物理环境的改善,并为后期定居者创造了较好的定居条件,而在平台草地恢复初期,化学材料与黏土混和平台的设置提高了下垫面稳定性,使近缘防护林内的草地物种得以成功定居和繁殖。海岸防沙工程为先锋种的定居提供了优越的下垫面条件,促进了组成的多元化和结构的复杂化,使土壤有机质和全氮含量增加,pH值明显降低,并对海岸带沙地植被生物量的积累起到了促进作用,因此采用工程方式恢复海岸带沙地植被,对于海岸带退化生态系统的恢复有着重要意义。 相似文献
6.
运用Simpson生态位宽度指数及Pianka生态位重叠指数,对民勤荒漠区霸王群落两大分布区的植物生态位宽度及生态位重叠度进行计算,从生态位角度分析霸王群落内各物种对资源的利用状况,揭示霸王群落的结构及分布格局。结果表明:两大分布区建群种均为霸王,霸王的生态位宽度较其他物种都要宽;建群种霸王与猫头刺、沙生针茅相互之间的重叠度指数相对较高,猫头刺、沙生针茅与霸王相互间对资源利用竞争激烈,对群落的结构共同起着重要的作用。生态位宽度大的物种不一定和其他物种有大的重叠指数,较高的生态位宽度和较高的生态位重叠度之间并不存在直接的线性关系,说明植被在演替进化的过程中对资源利用分化严重,环境资源存在着高度的空间异质性。 相似文献
7.
黄土沟壑区植被恢复及其物种多样性的变化 --以吴旗县植被恢复为例 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
在对吴旗县自然恢复植被群落和人工植被群落调查的基础上,对其物种多样性进行分析研究,结果表明,在自然恢复初期和处于演替平衡阶段的群落,其物种生物多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,但丰富度指数的蜂值出现在演替中间阶段;灌木群落的生物多样性要大于草本群落的多样性。超过一定年限的灌木群落,表现出一定程度的衰败,生物多样性下降;物种多样性可以间接对植被群落的保水保土功能进行评价,但必须综合考虑物种的丰富度与空间分布的均匀度。 相似文献
8.
低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
低覆盖度行带式固沙林具有显著的防风固沙效果,已经在我国的半干旱地区广泛推广。针对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市和林格尔县不同配置的柠条锦鸡儿人工林,进一步研究不同带间宽度带内植被自然恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,结果表明:(1)在覆盖度为20%左右时,合理的行带式格局分布的柠条锦鸡儿人工林带间植被的恢复效果优于随机分布格局的样地。(2)柠条行带式造林不宜太窄和盖度太大,会影响其林下物种丰富度。(3)宽的带间距带内物种丰富度与物种多样性和均匀度以及其生物量变化曲线呈现了两个高峰,出现在距柠条带6-8m左右,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰。因此,该地区柠条带宽度为12m-16m可以使其带内的草本物种多样性和生物量达到最大。 相似文献
9.
内蒙古草原退化群落恢复演替的研究 Ⅳ.恢复演替过程中植物种群动态的分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
本文根据 1 983-1 993年退化草原群落恢复演替过程中主要植物种群地上现存量与密度的变化 ,将这些种群区分成 6种类型 :优势增长型—羊草 (Leymuschinensis) ;缓慢增长型—大针茅 (Stipa grandis) ;典型衰退型—糙隐子草 (Cleis-togenes squarrosa)和变蒿 (Artemisia commutata) ;迟滞衰退型—冷蒿 (Artemisiafrigida) ;中间过渡型—米氏冰草 (Agropyron michnoi)、双齿葱 (Allium bidenta-tum)和洽草 (Koeleria cristata) ;演替中立型—小叶锦鸡儿 (Caragana microphyl-la)。并依据各种群的拓殖 ,生物产量和根系分布等生物学特性分析了各种群在恢复演替中的作用。根据种群根系分布范围与种群密度变化的关联 ,本文提出“恢复演替的作用域扩展”概念。在过度放牧导致草原退化演替中 ,表现出群落地上部分矮化和地下部分的浅层化 ,恢复演替则表现其逆过程。当恢复演替开始后 ,浅层土壤中最先出现拥挤 ,浅根性植物种群趋于衰退 ,也促使一些种群向土壤深层发展。表现出种群更替的作用空间扩展的趋势。其中衰退种群植株死亡后的资源空间可使拓殖能力强的种群或原种群增长。于是资源与种群增长构成一个反馈调节环。反馈调节使群落演替自组织过程表现出方向性。在恢复演替过程中各种群的数量指标均表现出波动性 相似文献
10.
《干旱区资源与环境》2017,(12):179-183
在野外102个样方调查数据和双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)分类的基础上,采用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、χ2检验和Spearman秩相关系数,对晋西皇姑梁小流域12个群落的12个优势种的生态位和种间关系进行了研究。结果表明:乔灌层Levins生态位宽度较大的种为油松、柠条锦鸡儿、沙棘。12个优势种组成的66个种对中,Pianka重叠指数≥0.4的种对占总对数的45.45%。呈极显著和显著关联的种对数较少,正负关联比均小于1。说明该小流域人工植物群落结构简单,种间资源竞争较激烈,仍处于演替的初、中期阶段。优势种华北落叶松与沙棘,沙棘与鹅观草呈显著正相关,它们均为地带性物种,生态适应性强,可作为皇姑梁小流域人工植被恢复的优选物种进行混种,而油松与小叶杨、小叶杨与沙棘或柠条锦鸡儿等种对间呈极显著负相关,在植被恢复中不宜混种。根据Spearman秩相关系数结果,将12个优势种划分为3个生态种组。 相似文献
11.
Caragana microphylla Lam., a leguminous shrub species, plays an important role in revegetation in the degraded ecosystems of the Horqin Sandy Land, Northeastern China. Large areas planted with this shrub have been artificially established as sand binders for soil protection, which might change the composition of soil bacterial communities with the development of sand dune stabilization. In this paper, we investigated the diversity and composition of native soil bacterial communities in the C. microphylla plantation for sand fixation using polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE） to understand the influence of this plantation on sandy soil ecosystem development. We collected soil samples from plantations with an age sequence of 0, 9, 16, and 26 years, as well as from the natural community, to identify the differences among soil bacterial communities. The result showed that bacterial abundance and community composition in the sandy land were affected by the age of the C. microphylla plantation. Moreover, bacterial diversity decreased with increasing plantation age, and the composition of the bacterial community in the 26-year plantation was similar to that in the natural community. Phylogenetic analysis of bands excised from the DGGE gels showed that members of alpha Proteobacterium, gamma Proteobacterium, Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were dominant in the sandy land. The stabilization of moving sand dune and development of sand-fixed plantation resulted in an increase of soil fertility, which could drive the structural evolvement of soil bacterial community, and it needs over 20 years for the soil bacterial community to form a stable structure, similar to the case for the natural vegetation. 相似文献
12.
YuGe ZHANG ZhuWen XU DeMing JIANG Yong JIANG College of Biological Environmental Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang China; State 《干旱区科学》2013,5(1):42-50
As a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment,Caragana microphylla is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region,North China.C.microphylla plantations modify organic carbon(SOC),nitrogen(N) and phosphorus dynamics,bulk density and water-holding capacity,and biological activities in soils,but little is known with regard to soil exchange properties.Variation in soil exchangeable base cations was examined under C.microphylla plantations with an age sequence of 0,5,10,and 22 years in the Horqin Sandy Land,and at the depth of 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 cm,respectively.C.microphylla has been planted on the non-vegetated sand dunes with similar physical-chemical soil properties.The results showed that exchangeable calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and potassium(K),and cation exchange capacity(CEC) were significantly increased,and Ca saturation tended to decrease,while Mg and K saturations were increased with the plantation years.No difference was observed for exchangeable sodium(Na) neither with plantation years nor at soil depths.Of all the base cations and soil layers,exchangeable K at the depth of 0-10 cm accumulated most quickly,and it increased by 1.76,3.16,and 4.25 times,respectively after C.microphylla was planted for 5,10,and 22 years.Exchangeable Ca,Mg,and K,and CEC were significantly(P<0.001) and positively correlated with SOC,total N,pH,and electrical conductivity(EC).Soil pH and SOC are regarded as the main factors influencing the variation in exchangeable cations,and the preferential absorption of cations by plants and different leaching rates of base cations that modify cation saturations under C.microphylla plantation.It is concluded that as a nitrogen-fixation species,C.microphylla plantation is beneficial to increasing exchangeable base cations and CEC in soils,and therefore can improve soil fertility and create favorable microenvironments for plants and creatures in the semi-arid sandy land ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
内蒙古退化草原恢复演替进程中植物群落特征的分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
<正> 生态环境的恶化是当今世界所面临的重大问题,而草地生态系统的退化是其中重要问题之一。内蒙古草原面积的1/3,大约4.6亿亩已经退化。在退化草场上,优良牧草的数量减少,质量变劣,生境恶化,已成为畜牧业生产的严重障碍。因此,退化草原的恢复与治理已成为当务之急。 相似文献
14.
封育措施是恢复植被、改良土壤性质的重要措施。文中以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象,主要研究不同封育年限的沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落对土壤养分、土壤含水量、土壤紧实度、微生物生物量C、N、P含量等土壤性质的改良作用。结果表明,封育措施可以从土壤养分、土壤水分、土壤紧实度和土壤微生物等方面全面改良土壤,尤其是对表层土壤(0-10cm)的改良效果尤其明显。 相似文献
15.
内蒙古西部干旱地区柠条开花结实特性及其果荚、种子发育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在柠条锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿3种柠条中,中间锦鸡儿花期最短;小叶锦鸡儿和中间锦鸡儿的盛花期约在5月中下旬,并在5月下旬、6月上旬进入结实盛期,柠条锦鸡儿较前两者晚约半个月;种子采收前,92.42%的柠条锦鸡儿种子长度大于3mm,完全发育成熟,较小叶锦鸡儿高22.49%,较中间锦鸡儿高21.41%;3种柠条果荚长度均在20mm以上,但在20~30mm、30~40mm两个长度段上的比例分配有较大差距;3种柠条所有果荚的宽度均大于3 mm,但在3~6mm、6~9mm两个宽度段的构成比例有明显差异;柠条锦鸡儿花果总损失率最大,为82.37%;小叶锦鸡儿为75.96%;中间锦鸡儿为65.98%。 相似文献
16.
6种常用固沙植物的生态经济价值比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过分析小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam)、中间锦鸡儿(Caragana in-termedia Kuang)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom)、塔落岩黄芪(Hedysarumleave Maxim)、细枝岩黄芪(Hedysarum scoparium Fisch)和山竹岩黄芪(Hedysarum fruti-cosum Pall)的光合作用、水分利用效率、生物量、营养成分、土壤改良作用和防风固沙作用,结果表明,岩黄芪属3种植物的生态经济价值明显优于锦鸡儿属3种植物。 相似文献
17.
干旱胁迫下五种荒漠灌木苗期的生理响应和抗旱评价 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
采用盆栽断水法模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究了五种典型荒漠灌木-小叶锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿、沙冬青、花棒和霸王的生理适应特性.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,五种灌木苗期叶片保水能力和叶绿素a/b降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和MDA含量增加.各灌木SOD、POD和CAT活性变化不尽相同,但都相互协调作用维持在一个平衡态进行,且与MDA含量成正相关... 相似文献
18.
The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dominant plant species and characteristics of plant communities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth impacted distributions and characteristics of dominant plant communities. However, besides groundwater depth, the community composition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognomy of the habitat. Based on the similarity coefficient, the differences between dominant plant communities were significant at different groundwater depths. Compared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of community distribution were similar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extremely arid region, there were significant differences in community type and community succession when compared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from deep to shallow, communities transformed with the sequence of Alhagi communities, Tamarix spp. communities, Populus communities, Phragmites communities, and Sophora communities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m, the community type and composition changed, and the species diversity increased. Among these dominant species, Tamarix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which means it possessed the best adaptability to environmental conditions at the oasis margins. 相似文献
19.
To date, much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process. However, little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation restoration. Effects of dominated vegetation, i.e., Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess, Caragana microphylla Lam., Hedysarum fruticosum Pall. and Pinus sylvestris L. on bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, China were determined using high-throughput 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICRUSt) in 2015. Although the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, were similar, the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed, indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial community. In addition, functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation, whereas its relative abundance was significantly differed. Most carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in P. sylvestris, vs. recalcitrant carbon decomposition genes in A. halodendron, suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of vegetation. Abundance of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in P. sylvestris, vs. dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in A. halodendron, indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in A. halodendron. The structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species, presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. 相似文献
20.
火烧对典型草原改良的效果 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文研究了秋季火烧和春季火烧对内蒙古草原地带的羊草草原总产量优势种群羊草、大针茅以及小叶锦鸡儿数量与生长状况的影响。自１９９０年秋至１９９２秋经过两年的监测、统计与分析，主要研究结果如下：草场的总产量受大气降水的制约，火烧前后草场的总产量基本上保持稳定，中常年景的地上生物量变化在１８０──２００克／平方米之间。火烧对优质根茎禾草一羊草的增长有显著的促进作用，在生长季的中后期，火烧地段上羊草种群的地上生物量比未烧地段高出５０──９０克／平方米，提高了６００──１６０％。火烧地段上豆科草的产量略有提高，而葱类植物的产量基本上保持稳定。火烧可以抑制大针茅、小叶锦鸡儿和菊科杂类草的生长，减少它们的数量，其中以秋季火烧最为明显。在对照群落中，大针茅的产量为３０──５０克／平方米，小叶锦鸡儿为２０──５０克／平方米，火烧之后大针茅的产量减至１０──２５克／平方米，减少了５０──６０％，小叶锦鸡儿的产量一般低于１０克／平方米。火烧对草场的效应与各种植物的生活型、生长型、种群生态位（对水分和养分等资源利用情况）等特点紧密相关。火烧对草原土壤理化性质的影响也是有关因素。综上所述，有计划的火烧可以提高草群质量和利用价值，是一种? 相似文献