共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 612 毫秒
1.
镍污染对小麦幼苗矿质营养元素吸收与累积的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究Ni胁迫对小麦幼苗茎叶中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca和Mg营养元素吸收及累积的影响结果表明 ,Ni胁迫下随土壤施Ni量的增加而小麦幼苗生长受抑 ,生物产量下降 ,小麦幼苗Cu、Fe、Ca和Mg累积量呈下降趋势 ,而Zn、Mn累积量呈增加趋势。小麦幼苗 6种营养元素累积率与其累积量的规律较吻合 ,表明作物受Ni毒害与营养元素代谢平衡失调有关 相似文献
2.
长期肥料试验对土壤和水稻微量元素及重金属含量的影响 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
长期肥料试验会影响土壤中微量元素和重金属状况以及作物对微量元素和重金属的吸收。本文研究了长期的不同施肥处理对土壤、糙米中微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和重金属Pb、Cd含量的影响,结果表明:经17a连续施用猪粪及秸秆还田显著增加了土壤Cu、Zn和Cd全量,而土壤Fe、Mn和Pb全量在不同施肥处理间没有显著差异;施肥增加了土壤有效态Cu、Zn和Fe含量,其中施用猪粪及秸秆还田的3个处理显著增加了土壤有效态Cu、Zn和Cd含量,而土壤有效态Pb含量在不同施肥处理间没有显著差异。不同处理糙米Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和Pb含量变化较小或没有显著性差异,而在3个施猪粪和秸秆还田处理中,糙米Cd含量均超过国家食品卫生标准(>0.2 mg kg-1)。水稻地上部吸收积累Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Pb和Cd总量与其地上部生物量呈正相关,土壤Cu、Zn、Cd有效态与全量含量呈极显著相关关系,而糙米中的镉含量与土壤镉含量有较好的相关关系。长期施用畜粪导致土壤Cd污染问题应引起高度重视。 相似文献
3.
铅胁迫对向日葵幼苗矿质元素吸收和积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同浓度铅胁迫的向日葵整株幼苗为试验材料,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定3个不同基因型向日葵中大量元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg)和微量元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)的含量。结果表明:不同浓度铅胁迫下3个基因型植株中的矿质元素累积量有明显的不同。首先,相同浓度铅胁迫下不同基因型向日葵幼苗对矿质元素吸收和积累的表现不同;其次,不同浓度铅胁迫下相同基因型向日葵幼苗对矿质元素的吸收和积累存在显著的差异(Cu、Zn元素除外)。 相似文献
4.
采用溶液培养研究Se对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素和几种元素含量的影响结果表明,单用Cd处理,高浓度Cd使水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量显著减少;单用0.10mg/L Se处理可显著增加叶片Fe、Zn、Mn含量。Se使较高浓度Cd(5.0~10.0mg/L)胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn含量高于单用Cd处理,Se与Cd的互作效应影响叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量。叶绿素a/b值不能作为水稻幼苗Cd毒害指标。 相似文献
5.
低浓度镉对大白菜苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在实验室用水培模拟轻度污染土壤,研究低浓度 Cd(5 1.μmol/L)对不同Cd耐性的4个大白菜品种苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响.结果表明,低浓度Cd对耐性强的品种的生长有促进作用,对耐性差的品种的生长有抑制作用.5umol几Cd显著促进大白菜根系对S、Cu的吸收,分别增加22.0%～58.0%、45.9%～116.0%,但抑制S、Cu向地上部转运;大白菜地上部K、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量受到Cd的较强抑制,且抑制程度存在品种差异. 相似文献
6.
《水土保持学报》2014,(6)
研究了镉胁迫下施硒后水稻各器官Cd、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn含量的变化,并探讨了施硒对缓解镉胁迫下水稻养分吸收的可行性。采用人工模拟镉胁迫的盆栽试验方法,研究不同镉浓度(0,2,4,8mg/kg土壤)下,施硒(0,0.07,0.14mg/kg土壤)对水稻不同器官Cd、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着土壤镉浓度的增加,水稻各器官镉含量均增加,不同器官镉含量表现为根系茎鞘叶片精米。(2)相同镉浓度下,随着硒浓度的增加,各器官中镉含量下降,Se2(0.14 mg/kg)优于Se1(0.07 mg/kg)处理。Cd1(2mg/kg)浓度时,Se2处理精米镉含量比Se0降低31.5%(P0.01)。(3)镉胁迫下,施硒对水稻各器官中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn含量影响不同。相同镉浓度下,随着硒浓度的增加,叶片Zn含量下降,Fe含量增加;茎鞘Zn、Fe含量下降,而Cu含量增加;根系Zn、Cu含量下降,而Fe、Mn含量增加;精米Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量增加。其中Cd2(4mg/kg)浓度时,与Se0处理相比,Se2处理茎鞘Zn含量降低了36.2%;叶片和根系Fe含量增加了15.4%和11.4%;精米Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe显著含量增加,分别增加了43.3%,15.8%,52.6%,20.5%(P0.01)。施硒能显著降低镉胁迫下寒地水稻镉含量,Cd1浓度下,施硒后精米镉含量下降幅度最大;镉胁迫下施硒影响水稻对Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn的吸收,尤其Cd2浓度下,施硒对精米Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量影响较大,Se2处理效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
镉胁迫下小麦根系的生理生态变化 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
本文通过水培和砂培两种方法 ,研究了镉胁迫下小麦 (TriticumaestivmL .)根系的生理生态变化。通过研究镉对小麦根系生长发育状况 ,根系活力 ,根系对矿质元素的吸收 ,探讨镉胁迫下植物根系的生理生态效应。研究结果表明 :镉影响根系的长度、生物量、体积和根系活力。Cd2 + 在低浓度 (处理浓度低于 5mg/L)作用下 ,随处理浓度的升高 ,刺激小麦根系的长度、生物量、体积相应地升高 ;当处理浓度高于相应浓度时 ,根长度、生物量、体积相应随浓度升高而降低。镉胁迫下根系活力受到抑制。水培和砂培中 ,镉对根系的影响趋势一致 ,但是影响幅度有差异。砂培好于水培。镉影响小麦根对矿质元素的吸收 ,Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn吸收情况不太一致。Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na的吸收量随Cd2 + 浓度升高而增加 ,K、Zn的吸收量随Cd2 + 浓度升高而减少 相似文献
8.
采用营养液培养方法,以改良毛粉802F1番茄为材料, 研究外源一氧化氮（NO,SNP为供体）对铜（Cu）胁迫下番茄幼苗铁（Fe）、 锌（Zn）、 锰（Mn）吸收分配的影响。结果显示, 50 mol/ L的 Cu2+ 胁迫下,番茄幼苗的生物量和株高显著降低了33.7% 和23.1%,外施100 mol/L SNP可显著缓解这种抑制作用, 提高Cu 胁迫下番茄幼苗根系、 茎中Fe、 Mn含量及叶柄、 叶片中Fe、 Zn含量,降低茎中Zn含量及叶柄、 叶片中Mn含量; 根系、 茎、 叶柄、 叶片Fe、 Zn及根系和茎中Mn的累积相应增加; 根系吸收的Fe、 Zn、 Mn向地上部的转运降低。Cu 胁迫下, 外源NO可显著提高番茄液泡、 细胞器的Fe、 Zn 含量, 降低根系和叶片细胞壁Fe、 Zn、 Mn含量。在作为转运组织的茎和叶柄中,Mn主要分布在细胞壁上,而在叶柄和叶片液泡、 细胞器中也有增加。表明外源NO可以调控番茄幼苗各部位及亚细胞中Fe、 Zn、 Mn的合理分布,维持胞质离子稳态和矿质营养元素平衡,缓解铜胁迫,保证番茄幼苗正常的生理代谢。 相似文献
9.
锌对水稻幼苗镉积累及抗氧化系统的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明不同浓度Zn对Cd处理水稻幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响,以9311水稻品种为试验材料,通过水培方法,从水稻幼苗生长、 Zn与Cd积累量、抗氧化系统变化趋势等方面进行研究。结果表明,低浓度的Zn会抑制Cd处理水稻幼苗生物量的增加,并促进幼苗对Zn和Cd的吸收积累; 100μmol/L Zn对Cd处理水稻生物量有显著促进作用(P 0.05),且该处理下的Zn能明显抑制水稻对Cd的吸收;但当Zn浓度达到3.06×103μmol/L时, Zn对Cd处理水稻具有明显的毒害作用。不同浓度Zn处理下,水稻幼苗地上部的SOD活性、 POD活性、 APX活性呈先升高后下降趋势,而CAT活性则受到抑制, MDA含量均呈上升趋势。低浓度Zn与Cd发生协同作用,促进水稻对Zn和Cd的吸收,抑制水稻生长;中等浓度Zn与Cd发生拮抗作用,抑制水稻对Zn、 Cd的吸收,提高SOD、 POD活性,促进水稻生长;但当Zn浓度达到一定值时,虽然Zn与Cd也发生拮抗作用,但仍会对水稻生长产生明显的抑制作用,损伤幼苗抗氧化系统。 相似文献
10.
外源NO对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在盆栽试验条件下,以冬小麦(山农22)为供试材料,以硝普钠(SNP)为外源一氧化氮(NO)供体,研究了3种施用方式的外源NO对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。试验共设5个处理:对照(CK)、氮磷钾(NPK)肥(T1)、NPK肥+SNP浸种(T2)、NPK肥+SNP粉末施入土壤(T3)和NPK肥+SNP缓释颗粒施入土壤(T4)。结果表明:盐胁迫条件下,小麦植株体内会积累大量的活性氧,抑制了小麦幼苗的生长;T1-T4处理的小麦幼苗长势均优于CK。与T1处理相比,添加外源NO的T2-T4处理均可显著提高小麦出苗率,其中以T4效果最为显著,可显著促进小麦幼苗的生长,提高叶片鲜重、叶片干重、叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶活性,降低叶片中超氧阴离子产生速率及过氧化氢含量,减少小麦幼苗对Na+的吸收,增加K+的吸收,维持小麦体内Na+、K+平衡,并促进根系对N、P元素的吸收,从而保证小麦植株养分吸收平衡。因此,添加外源NO既能通过促进幼苗生长、提高抗氧化酶活性、调节离子平衡等途径来提高小麦幼苗的抗盐性,缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,又能通过调节根系对营养元素的吸收来促进小麦幼苗的生长。且在3种不同的SNP施用方式中,以SNP制成缓释颗粒施入土壤的施用方式对小麦盐胁迫的缓解效果最优。 相似文献
11.
镉处理根表铁膜对水稻吸收镉锰铜锌的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验利用营养液和土壤培养系统,研究不同Fe、 Cd处理下根表铁膜对水稻吸收Cd、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn的影响。土壤中Fe的水平为0、 1、 2 g/kg Fe（以FeSO47H2O的形式供应）,Cd 的水平为0、 2、 10 mg/kg Cd（以3CdSO48H2O的形式供应）。营养液中Fe和Cd的水平分别为0、 10、 30、 50、 80、 100 mg/L Fe 和 0、 0.1、 1.0 mg/L Cd。收获后测定水稻根表、 根中和地上部Cd、 Fe、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn 含量。试验结果表明,两种培养方式下,随着介质中Fe浓度的增加,水稻根表铁膜（DCB-Fe）逐渐增多。土壤培养方式下,根表铁膜中Cd 和 Mn 含量随铁膜量增加而略有增加,所有元素含量均表现为根中大于铁膜中。营养液培养条件下,根表铁膜中Mn和Cu含量在高量 Fe 供应时有所增加, Mn、 Cu、 Zn表现为铁膜中大于根中。根表铁膜中Zn含量在两种培养方式下均未呈现一定规律性变化。根中和地上部 Cd、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn 含量一般都随介质中Fe浓度的增加而下降,Cu和Zn含量在加Cd处理中下降。以上结果证明,铁膜对Cd 的吸附阻挡能力有限,对Mn、 Cu、 Zn 的吸附作用因培养方式和元素种类不同而有所差异,植株体内微量元素含量的下降主要与它们之间的相互抑制作用有关。 相似文献
12.
Studies were conducted at the deepest location of the meromictic Piaseczno pit lake, southern Poland, which was created in abandoned sulphur opencast. Pearson correlation and PCA were used to established the relationship between the elements and physico-chemical parameters of the water, whereas discriminant test to study vertical and time differentiation of Cd, Pb, Sr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations. The results indicated both vertical (except Cu and Zn) and time differentiations of studied elements in the lake water. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Sr were found in the monimolimnion, that of Mn and Fe in the anoxic water. Depth profiles of Cu and Zn did not show any pronounced trend. Pb and Sr distributions in the water were related to alkalinity, Cl? and COD, Cd to alkalinity and Cl?, Mn and Fe to the redox conditions, Mn to water pH, and Fe to the alkalinity. The upper (0–15 cm) layer of the sediment consisted mainly of S (24.2 Atom%), Fe (21.62%), Ca (18.4%), Si (14.3%), and (Al 6.3%) and reflected mainly processes proceeded in the anoxic water-sediment interface. Calculated accumulation coefficients (K d) of the elements in the sediment are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Element interconnections in Lotus japonicus: A systematic study of the effects of element additions on different natural variants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zheng CHEN Toshihiro WATANABE Takuro SHINANO Tatsuhiro EZAWA Jun WASAKI Kazuhiko KIMURA Mitsuru OSAKI Yong-Guan ZHU 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):91-101
Lotus japonicus was used to study the distribution and interconnections of 15 elements in plant tissues, including essential and non-essential elements: boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd) and cesium (Cs). Large amounts of B and Ca accumulated in plant leaves, while Fe, Na, Ni, As and Cd tended to mainly occur in the roots, and Mo was the only element to accumulate in the stems. The elemental compositions within plants were severely disturbed by treatment with toxic elements. Competition between element pairs in the same group (e.g. K and Cs; Ca and Sr) was not found. Iron, Cu and Zn accumulation were induced by Cd and Ni addition. When natural variants grew in a nutrition solution with subtoxic levels of As, Cd, Cs, Ni, Mo and Sr, intriguing relationships between the elements (such as Fe, As and K; Mg and Ni; Mn and Ca) were revealed using principal-component analysis. This study on the plant ionome offers detailed information of element interactions and indicates that chemically different elements might be closely linked in uptake or translocation systems. 相似文献
14.
长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米 铜、锌、铁、锰和镉积累的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
设施氮、磷、钾肥（NPK）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼稻草还田（NPKS）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼2倍稻草还田（NPKS2）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼施紫云英（NPKG）和施氮、磷、钾肥兼施猪粪5个处理的长期定位试验,探讨了长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米铜、锌、铁、锰和镉含量的影响。结果表明,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉因秸秆还田或施用紫云英、猪粪有明显提高,尤其是施用猪粪,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉较仅施用氮、磷、钾肥分别增长53.6%、23.6%、406.2%,达到极显著水平; 而全铁和全锰各处理间没有显著差异。长期施用有机肥增加了土壤有效态铜、锌和镉含量,其中施用猪粪土壤有效铜、锌和镉含量增加最为显著,分别比NPK处理增长了335.9%、320.8%、421.4%。长期施用猪粪明显地增加了糙米中镉含量,并超过国家卫生标准。长期施用畜禽粪便类的有机肥对农产品的安全应予以足够的关注。 相似文献
15.
Rye-grass, Lolium multiflorum, cultures on perlite, an artificial soil, were carried out with a basic nutrient solution (modified in each experiment), adding double distilled water when necessary to restore evaporation losses. Cultures were collected at different times, separated into roots and tops and controlled by moisture, dry weights and metallic element contents measurements. Plant chemical analyses were performed after HF-HN03-HClO4 digestion by AAS (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd, As, Pb) and flame emission (Na and K). Cultures with changes in basic nutrient solution component concentrations, with additions of potentially toxic elements (Co, Ni, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Na) and with different periods of culture (7 to 49 days after 6 days for germination) were carried out. Measurements of metallic elements dissolution and diffusion within a perlite layer were also made. For discussion of results ionic impulsions are introduced as I = c 1/n , where c is the considered metallic element concentration and n its oxidation number. Root or top uptakes of a metallic element follow linear relationships with their ionic impulsions in nutrient solution or root, respectively. Roots and tops seem to keep constant the total ionic impulsions, sums of individual metallic elements ionic impulsions. Toxic effects were evident for total ionic impulsions greater than average values. Results are further discussed through NUTRIENT SOLUTION ? PERLITE ? ROOT ? TOP equilibria that suggest a single assimilation mechanism for roots, and two different ones for ROOT ? TOP step: (i) an osmotic permeation with root accumulation of some elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, As, Pb) and (ii) a DONNAN permeation leading to top accumulation of other metals (Mg, K, Ca, Na, Mn). 相似文献
16.
我国几种土壤中铁锰结核的元素组成和地球化学特点 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The objective of this research was to isolate a dichlorvos （2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate）-degrading strain of Ochrobactrum sp., and determine its effectiveness in remediation of a dichlorvos-contaminated soil. A dichlorvos-degrading bacterium （strain DDV-1） was successfully isolated and identified as an Ochrobactrum sp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strain DDV-1 was able to utilize dichlorvos as a sole carbon source, and the optimal pH and temperature for its cell growth and degradation were 7.0 and 30 ℃, respectively. Also, the growth and degradation of strain DDV-1 showed the same response to dissolved oxygen. In addition, the soil degradation test indicated that in soil spiked with 100 mg L^-1 or 500 mg L^-1 dichlorvos and inoculated with 0.5% or 1.0% （v/v） strain DDV-1, complete degradation of dichlorvos could be achieved in 24 h. The present study showed that strain DDV-1 was a fast dichlorvos-degrading bacterium in soil. However, further research will be needed to clarify the degradation pathway and the properties of the key enzymes involved in its biodegradation. 相似文献
17.
Contents of major and trace elements in concretions of surface samples from marsh soils – Electron microprobe analysis The amounts of 14 elements (Ti, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Ca, and P, S, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in concretions of four A horizons of marsh soils were determined by electron microprobe analysis on thin sections. According to the major element compositions the following types of concretions can be distinguished: Ti-Fe(-Mn) concretions (31–39% Ti; 18–29% Fe; 0,3–5,5% Mn); Fe(-Mn) concretions (31–58% Fe; ≤ 1,8% Mn); Fe-Si(-Mn) concretions (6–28% Fe; 8–42% Si; ≤ 5% Mn); Mn-Fe and Mn-Fe-Si concretions (16–40% Mn; 2–9% Fe; 2–15% Si). The formation of Ti-Fe(-Mn) concretions can be explained by adsorption of Fe2+ ions under reducing conditions on surfaces of Ti minerals followed by oxidation to Fe(III) oxide. In this way pseudorutile may be formed. Concretions with high Fe and/or Mn content often contain occlusions of carbonates, silicates and/or SiO2 (bioopal) which may act as nuclei for their growth. Redox processes in marsh soils result in the formation of concretions with dominating Fe or Mn accumulation. Among the group of trace elements, P and S (like Ti and Si) reach their highest concentrations in Fe rich concretions (up to 54.000 mg P/kg and 4.200 mg S/kg). The accumulation of these elements is obviously influenced by anion competition, especially of P and Si, and probably also Ti. Likewise, high amounts of Pb were found in Fe(-Mn) concretions (up to 12.000 mg/kg). Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd show the highest amounts in Mn rich concretions (Co up to 3.400; Ni 1.800; Zn 13.200; Cd 1.000 mg/kg). Cu is also accumulated in some concretions (up to 1140 mg/kg) but no clear affinity to one of the different types of concretions was found. 相似文献
18.
S. B. Sosorova A. B. Gyninova M. G. Merkusheva L. L. Ubugunov L. N. Boloneva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2012,45(4):376-385
The content of microelements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd) and Fe is determined in the soils and plants of the Lake
Kotokel’ basin. Their content in the soils is proved not to exceed the regional background and the existing MPC and APC. The
content of Cd is revealed to exceed its clarke value for the world soils, which is related to the natural origin of this element.
The concentrations of Mn, Co, and Pb are close to their clarke values, and those of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr are lower than their
clarkes. The studied soils are specified by the maximal amount of the mobile forms of microelements. The profile distribution
of the microelements differs depending on the genetic soil type. For Mn, Zn, and Cu, a significant biogenic accumulation is
pronounced in the organic soil horizons. The content of microelements in the aboveground phytomass exceeds the maximal permissible
levels for Mn, Co, Cr, and Fe. The intensity of the microelements absorption by the plants varies widely, being specified
by the high coefficient of the biological adsorption (except for Fe). Mn, Zn, and Cu are accumulated in the plant phytomass
the most intensely. 相似文献
19.
通过水培实验研究了在10-6、10-5、10-4mol·L-1浓度下,Cd2＋胁迫对玉米幼苗抗氧化酶系统、丙二醛（MDA）含量、Cd积累及矿质元素吸收的影响,同时讨论了Cd2＋毒害的作用机理。结果表明,中、低浓度（10-6、10-5mol·L-1）Cd2＋胁迫下,玉米幼苗MDA含量与对照组相比没有显著变化;高浓度（10-4mol·L-1）Cd2＋胁迫后,MDA含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。Cd2＋胁迫初期,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均升高;随着胁迫时间的延长,除叶片中SOD和CAT活性略有上升外,其他抗氧化酶活性逐渐下降,高浓度组抗氧化酶活性下降最明显。植物吸收的Cd主要积累在根部,Cd2＋胁迫能干扰玉米对Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg等养分的吸收。 相似文献